Le diabetes he maʻi hiki ʻole ke ola i ka wā ʻaʻole hoʻohana pono ke kino i ka kōpaʻa (glucose), he "wahie" pono no ka hana. ʻO ka glucose, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia e nā cell, a laila hōʻiliʻili i loko o ke koko a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka mimi. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose i loko o ke koko hyperglycemia. I ka wā lōʻihi, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā maka, nā puʻupaʻa, nā puʻuwai a me nā kīʻaha koko.

Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke hopena ma muli o ka hiki ʻole, hapa a i ʻole ka huina, o ka pancreas e hana i ka insulin, ʻo ia ka hormone pono no ka lawe ʻana i ka glucose e nā cell. Hiki ke ala mai ka hiki ʻole o nā pūnaewele iā lākou iho ke hoʻohana i ka insulin e lawe i ka glucose. I nā hihia ʻelua, hoʻonele ʻia nā cell i kā lākou mea nui kumu ikehu, hiki ke hahai i nā hopena physiological koʻikoʻi, e like me ka luhi nui a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia hoʻōla.

Le glucose mai 2 kumu: mea ʻai waiwai i loko o ka waiʻaleʻa i ʻai ʻia a ate (ʻo ia ka mea e mālama ai i ka glucose ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana a hoʻokuʻu iā ia i loko o ke kahe koko e like me ka mea e pono ai). Ke lawe ʻia mai ka ʻai e ka ʻōnaehana digestive, hele ka glucose i loko o ke koko. I hiki i nā pūnaewele o ke kino ke hoʻohana i kēia kumu nui o ka ikehu, pono lākou i ke komo ʻana o ka insulin.

ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka maʻi diabetes

No ka wehewehe kikoʻī o nā ʻano o diabetes (nā hōʻailona, ​​ka pale ʻana, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), e nīnau i kēlā me kēia pepa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā lākou.

• ʻAno maʻi type 1. Kāhea ʻia ʻo "diabetes insulinodépendant "(DID) a i ʻole" diabetes ke keiki Hiki mai ka maʻi maʻi type 1 i ka wā ʻaʻole hana hou ka pancreas a ʻaʻole hoʻohua i ka insulin. Hiki i kēia ke kumu ma muli o ka hoʻouka ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻawaʻawa, a i ʻole ka hopena autoimmune e hoʻopau i nā cell beta i ka pancreas, nona ke kuleana no ka synthesis o ka insulin. Hoʻopilikia nui kēia ʻano maʻi maʻi i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio, ʻoiai ke ʻike ʻia nei ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi i nā pākeke. Hoʻopilikia ia ma kahi o 10% o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi.
• ʻAno maʻi type 2. Ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "diabetes non-insulin-dependent" a i ʻole "diabetes". o ke kanaka makua Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi maʻi type 2 e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke kū nei ke kino i ka insulin. Loaʻa kēia pilikia i ka poʻe ma mua o 45 mau makahiki, akā ke ulu nui nei ka maʻi i nā poʻe ʻōpio. ʻO kēia ʻano maʻi maʻi, ʻo ka mea maʻamau loa, pili i ka 90% o ka poʻe maʻi maʻi.
• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes Gestational. Wehewehe ʻia e like me ka maʻi diabetes a i ʻole ka glucose intolerance e ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka hāpai keiki, i ka manawa pinepine i ka 2^e a 3^e trimester. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ka maʻi diabetes gestational he manawa pōkole wale nō a hala koke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.

Aia kekahi ʻano maʻi diabetes i kapa ʻia insipidus maʻi. He maʻi kakaʻikahi ia ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka hana ʻana o ka hormone antidiuretic e ka pituitary gland i kapa ʻia ʻo "vasopressin". Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka maʻi diabetes insipidus me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻopuka mimi, ʻoiai ke kū mau nei ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko. No laila, ʻaʻohe mea pili i ka kō kōkō. Kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "diabetes" insipidus no ka mea, e like me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus, nui ka kahe o ka mimi. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻohe ʻono ka mimi ma mua o ka ʻono. (No nā ʻano diagnostic diagnostic kahiko ka huaʻōlelo: ʻono mimi!)

ʻO ka maʻi diabetic, ʻoi aku ka nui

ʻOiai ke kuleana o ka heredity i kona hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻo ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes iai a ala o ke ola ʻO nā mea maʻamau i ke Komohana: ka nui o nā kō i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, ka momona momona a me ka ʻiʻo, nele i ka fiber dietary, ke kaumaha nui, nele i ka hana kino. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka heluna kanaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi diabetes.

E like me kaʻO ke ola kino kino o Canada, i loko o kahi hōʻike i paʻi ʻia ma 2008-09, 2,4 miliona Canadians i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi diabetes (6,8%), me 1,2 miliona ma waena o nā makahiki 25 a me 64.

Me he mea lā paʻa ke kumu i ka wā e aʻo ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ma nā ʻāina e ulu ana: ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka e lawe i kahi ai a me kekahi ala o ke ola e like me kā mākou, ke piʻi nei ka maʻi maʻi diabetes, ʻelua ʻano 1 a me ke ʻano 2¹.

ʻO nā pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes

I ka wā lōʻihi, ʻo ka poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi i loaʻa ʻole ka mālama pono ʻana i ko lākou maʻi e pilikia ana i nā pilikia like ʻole, ma muli o ka hyperglycemia ʻO ka lōʻihi e hoʻopōʻino i nā ʻiʻo i loko o nā capillaries koko a me nā aʻalolo, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā aʻa. ʻAʻole pili kēia mau hoʻopiʻi i nā maʻi diabetic a pau, a i ka wā e hana ai lākou, ʻokoʻa ia. No ka ʻike hou aku, e ʻike i kā mākou pepa Complications of Diabetes.

Hoʻohui ʻia i kēia mau mea pilikia mau, ka maʻi diabetes maikaʻi ʻole (no ka laʻana ma muli o ka poina, ka helu hewa ʻana o ka nui o ka insulin, hoʻololi koke i nā koi o ka insulin ma muli o ka maʻi a i ʻole ke kaumaha, etc.) hiki ke alakaʻi i pilikia wai e hahai:

Ketoacidosis diabetes

He kūlana kēia e hiki ai ona. I ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 1 ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia a loaʻa ʻole ka mālama pono ʻole (e laʻa me ka nele o ka insulin), noho ka glucose i loko o ke koko a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kumu o ka ikehu. (Hiki nō hoʻi kēia i ka poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi type 2 i mālama ʻia me ka insulin.) No laila pono ke kino e hoʻololi i ka glucose me kahi wahie ʻē aʻe: fatty acids. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻakika momona e hoʻopuka i nā kino ketone e hoʻonui ai i ka acidity o ke kino.

Nā Hōʻailona: hanu hua, make wai, nausea, luaʻi a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū. Inā ʻaʻohe mea nāna e komo, hiki i ka hanu paʻakikī, huikau, koma, a me ka make ke kū.

Pehea e ʻike ai: ʻO ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi loa ma kahi o 20 mmol / l (360 mg / dl) a i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku.

He aha e hana ai: inā ʻike ʻia ka ketoacidosis, hele i ka lawelawe kūikawā halemai a hoʻopili i kāu kauka ma hope e hoʻoponopono i ka lāʻau.

Mokuʻāina ʻo Hyperosmolar

a hiki aku i ka Kūkulu i ka maʻi maʻamauʻo 2 ʻAʻole i mālama ʻia, hiki mai ka hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. He mea maoli kēia pilikia olakino o wai ona ma mua o 50% o nā hihia. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka glucose i ke koko, ʻoi aku ma mua o 33 mmol / l (600 mg / dl).

Nā Hōʻailona: hoʻonui i ka urination, make wai ikaika a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe o ka make wai (ka pohō kaumaha, nalo ʻana o ka ʻili i ka ʻili, nā membrane mucous maloʻo, hoʻonui ʻia ka helu o ka puʻuwai a me ke kaomi haʻahaʻa o ke koko).

Pehea e ʻike ai: ka pae koko koko ma mua o 33 mmol / l (600 mg / dl).

He aha e hana ai: inā ʻike ʻia kahi kūlana hyperosmolar, hele i ka lawelawe kūikawā halemai a hoʻopili i kāu kauka ma hope e hoʻoponopono i ka lāʻau.