ʻO ka Diphtheria kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi lele e laha ana ma waena o nā kānaka a hoʻoulu i ka maʻi o ka ʻōpū hanu luna, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka pilikia hanu a me ka asphyxiation. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ka mōʻaukala, a i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 7, ʻo ia nō ke kumu nui o ka make ʻana o nā pēpē ma Farani. ʻAʻole ia he hopena ma nā ʻāina ʻenehana kahi i lawe ʻia mai ai nā hihia kakaʻikahi i ʻike ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, he pilikia olakino ka maʻi ma nā wahi o ka honua kahi i maʻamau ʻole ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau kamaliʻi. ʻOi aku ma mua o 000 mau hihia i hōʻike ʻia iā WHO ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma 2014. (1)

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma waena o ka maʻi maʻi hanu a me ka maʻi maʻi cutaneous.

Ma hope o ka manawa incubation o ʻelua a ʻelima mau lā, hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi iā ia iho he ʻeha ʻeha: ka huhū o ka ʻāʻī, ke kuni, ka pehu ʻana o nā glands ma ka ʻāʻī. ʻIke ʻia ka maʻi ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā membrane keʻokeʻo a hinahina paha ma ka ʻāʻī a i kekahi manawa ka ihu, e pilikia ai ka ʻai ʻana a me ka hanu ʻana (ma ka ʻōlelo Helene, "diphtheria" ʻo ia hoʻi "membrane").

I ka hihia o ka diphtheria cutaneous, ʻo ka hapa nui ma nā wahi wela, loaʻa kēia mau membrane ma ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi ʻeha.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi maʻi e ka bacteria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, ka mea e hoʻouka i nā ʻiʻo o ka ʻāʻī. Hoʻopuka ʻo ia i kahi ʻawaʻawa e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻiʻo make (membrane hoʻopunipuni) hiki ke hele a hiki i ke keakea ʻana i nā alaloa. Hiki ke laha aku keia laau make iloko o ke koko a poino i ka puuwai, puupaa, a me ka puuwai.

ʻElua mau ʻano bacteria ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hana i ka diphtheria toxin a no laila ke kumu o ka maʻi: Ulcerans Corynebacterium et Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

Hoʻolaha ʻia ka maʻi maʻi hanu mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka ma o nā droplets i kuhi ʻia i ka wā o ka ʻuʻu a me ke kihe ʻana. Komo ka bacteria ma ka ihu a me ka waha. Hoʻolaha ʻia ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma kekahi mau wahi wela, ma o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana me kahi ʻeha.

Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ʻaʻole like Corynebacterium diphtheriae ka mea i lawe ʻia mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka, ʻo nā hua bacteria ʻelua e pili ana i ka maʻi diphtheria e hoʻouna ʻia mai nā holoholona i ke kanaka (he zoonoses kēia):

• Ulcerans Corynebacterium lawe ʻia ma ka ʻai ʻana i ka waiū maka a i ʻole ma ka pili ʻana me nā pipi a me nā holoholona.
• Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, ka mea kakaikahi, ua laweia ma ka launa ana me na kao.

I ko kakou latitu, aia i ka hooilo ka nui o ka ma'i diphtheria, aka, ma na wahi wela ke ike ia i ka makahiki. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i nā wahi paʻa i nā kānaka.

ʻO ka lāʻau āpau

Pono ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana no nā keiki. Manaʻo ka World Health Organization e hāʻawi ʻia ke kano i hui pū ʻia me nā mea no ka tetanus a me ka pertussis (DCT), ma 6, 10 a me 14 pule, a ukali ʻia e nā pana hoʻoikaika i kēlā me kēia 10 makahiki. Hoʻopaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka 2 a 3 miliona mau make mai ka diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis a me ka ʻāʻī i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka manaʻo o WHO. (2)

ka iapaau ana

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo ia ka lawelawe ʻana i kahi serum anti-diphtheria i ka wikiwiki e hiki ai ke hoʻōki i ka hana o nā toxins i hana ʻia e ka bacteria. Hoʻopili pū ʻia me ka lāʻau antibiotic e pepehi i ka bacteria. Hiki ke waiho ʻia ka mea maʻi ma kahi kaʻawale o ka hanu no kekahi mau lā i mea e pale aku ai i ka maʻi maʻi me nā poʻe a puni iā ​​​​ia. Ma kahi o 10% o ka poʻe me ka maʻi diphtheria e make, ʻoiai me ka mālama ʻana, ʻōlelo ʻo WHO.