I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ma mua o 1000 ʻano o nā kī like ʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e paʻakikī no ka mea maʻamau e hoʻomaopopo. No laila, ua hana ka poʻe loea i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻano kī ke hiki i nā poʻe ke koho i ka mea inu i loaʻa nā waiwai kūpono a me nā ʻano. ʻO kēia mau waiwai, pili i nā kūlana i ulu ai, ʻohiʻohi, hana ʻia a mālama ʻia. Nui nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike.
Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ke kī e like me ke ʻano o nā mea kanu
ʻEkolu ʻano nui o nā mea kanu i ʻike ʻia i ka honua a kahi e hana ʻia ai ka tī.
• Kina (ulu ma Vietnam, Kina, Iapana a me Taiwan),
• Assamese (ulu ma Ceylon, Uganda a me India),
• Kambodian (ulu i Indochina).
Me he mea lā ʻo ka mea kanu Kina kahi nahele e ʻohiʻohi ʻia e nā lima me ka lima. Ke ulu nei ʻo Assamese kī ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau, a piʻi i kekahi manawa i ka 26 m kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka tiima ʻo Kamupodia kahi hui o nā mea kanu Kina a me Assamese.
Hana ʻia nā ʻano kī hou aʻe ma Kina ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē. Hana lākou i ʻeleʻele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, keʻokeʻo, melemele, ʻulaʻula, a me oolong - kahi huahana kūikawā e hoʻohui i nā ʻano o ka tī ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO kekahi ʻano hoihoi kekahi pu-erh, kahi i hana ʻia ma aneʻi. ʻO Pu-erh kahi kī post-fermented kūikawā.
ʻO ka lau Kina ka lau nui mau. Hana ʻia kahi helu nui o nā ʻano ʻono ma aneʻi, ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē.
I India, hana pinepine ʻia ka tī ʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku ka momona o ka ʻono ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā tī o nā ʻāina hana ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻĀnia i ke ʻano o nā granula a i ʻoki ʻia paha.
Ke kuʻi nei ka honua o ke kī India i kona ʻano a me ka momona o ka ʻono. Hoʻohana nā mea hana kī ma aneʻi i kahi ʻenehana e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana. ʻO kēia ke hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano 10-20 e loaʻa nei i kahi ʻano tī hou.
Hana ʻia ka tii Ceylon e ʻike ākea ʻia ma Sri Lanka. Hana ʻia ia mai ka lāʻau Assamese, e hana ana i kahi tī ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻeleʻele. I kēia ʻāina, hana ʻia ka tī ma ke ʻano o nā granula a ʻokiʻoki i nā lau.
Manaʻo ʻia ka tī nui loa, i hana ʻia mai nā lālā hou a me nā lau o nā lāʻau e ulu ana ma ka Hema o Ceylon i nā mauna. Ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā kumulāʻau i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2000 mika, manaʻo ʻia kēia kī ʻaʻole ia he pilina o ka nohona, akā ua hoʻopiha pū ʻia me ka ikehu o ka lā.
I Iapana, ma ke ʻano he rula, kaulana ke kī ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i hana ʻia mai nā mea kanu Kina. ʻAʻole hoʻolaha ʻia ka tī ʻeleʻele ma aneʻi.
Ma ʻApelika, ma Kenya, hana ʻia ka tī ʻeleʻele. Ma ʻaneʻi e ʻoki ai nā lau tī. A ʻo kahi hopena, loaʻa i ka tī he ʻono pungent a hemo. Ma muli o kēia, hana kālua nā mea hana ʻEulopa me nā teas ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā tī Africa.
ʻO ke ao kī o Turkey nā ʻano āpau āpau i nā tī ʻeleʻele haʻahaʻa. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana iā lākou, e hoʻolapalapa ʻia ke kī a kuke ʻia paha i kahi ʻauʻau wai.
ʻO ka Fermentation kahi hana oxidative i nā lau o kahi mea kanu tī. Aia ia ma lalo o ka mana o ka lā, ka pulu, ka ea a me nā enzyme. ʻO nā kumu āpau āpau a me ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia no kēia hana e hiki ai ke loaʻa ke kī o nā ʻano like ʻole: ʻeleʻele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, melemele a ʻulaʻula.
Ma ʻEulopa, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā tī i:
• nā lau kī piha,
• waena - ʻoki a haki nā tī
• Papa haʻahaʻa - nā koena mai ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana a me ka fermentation.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kī i loko o nā ʻeke haʻihaʻi a me ka lau holoʻokoʻa, nā ʻanoʻano kī a me nā lepo kī.
ʻAʻole i pau ka honua o ke kī ma laila, no ka mea, aia nō kekahi tī me nā ʻono ʻono, a me nā mea hoʻohui mea kanu o ke kumu maoli, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.