"Iho me Polani me ka freak o ke kauka wahine!" Ua kamaʻilio ke kauka lapaʻau kaulana e pili ana iā Kauka Anna Tomaszewicz-Dobrska

ʻAʻole wale nō ka naʻauao a me ka naʻauao, akā, ʻo ka paʻakikī a paʻa hoʻi. Ua hōʻole ʻo ia i ka hāʻawi i wehe i ka puka i kāna ʻoihana honua a hele i Warsaw ma kahi o Tokyo. Ua piha kona ola i nā wili a me nā huli. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kona komo ʻana i kahi ʻoihana kāne i hoʻoholo ʻia e kāna hui ʻana me ke Sultan Turkish. I kēia manawa ma Polani, 60 pakeneka. He mau wahine nā kauka, ʻo ia ka mua.

1. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Anna Tomaszewicz e lilo ʻo ia i "lāʻau lapaʻau" i ka makahiki 15
2. Ua puka 'o ia mai ka 'oihana lapa'au ma Zurich me ka hanohano ma ke 'ano he wahine Polani mua
3. Ma hope o kona hoʻi ʻana i ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Ua kōkua ʻo ia i ka ʻike ʻana i kāna diploma
4. Ma Warsaw, ua hana ʻo ia i ka gynecology koʻikoʻi, holo i kahi hale hānai, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā palekeiki.
5. Ua kākoʻo ikaika ʻo ia i ka hakakā ʻana no nā pono kaulike no nā wahine, kākau i nā ʻatikala, kamaʻilio, ʻo ia ka mea hoʻonohonoho hui o ka Congress of Polish Women mua.
6. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻike hou aʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao home TvoiLokony

I ka manawa i hoʻi ai ka mea puka hou o ka Faculty of Medicine ma ke Kulanui o Zurich i kona ʻāina hānau e hoʻomaka i kāna hana, he kauka lapaʻau koʻikoʻi, a hiki i kēia lā ke kahu o nā halemai Polani he nui, prof. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ludwik Rydygier: "Ma waho o Polani me ka freak o kahi kauka wahine! E hoʻomau mākou i ka kaulana no ka nani o kā mākou mau wahine, ka mea a ka mea haku mele i haʻi maikaʻi loa ", i hui pū ʻia e Gabriela Zapolska, i manaʻo ʻia kekahi o nā wahine Polani mua:" ʻAʻole wau makemake i nā kauka wahine, nā loio a me nā mea lapaʻau! ʻAʻole ka ʻāina o ka poʻe make! Mai lilo kou hanohano wahine! ».

Hōʻike nā nūpepa Polani i kāna aʻo ʻana ma Switzerland ma nā ʻaoʻao mua

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Anna Tomaszewicz ma 1854 ma Mława, kahi i neʻe ai ka ʻohana i Łomża, a laila i Warsaw. He luna koa kona makuakāne, a ʻo kona makuahine, ʻo Jadwiga Kołaczkowska, mai kahi ʻohana hanohano me kahi kuʻuna aloha ʻāina lōʻihi.

I ka makahiki 1869, ua puka 'o Anna me ka hanohano mai ka uku kiekie o Mrs. Paszkiewicz ma Warsaw. I ka wā o kāna aʻo ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻo ia e lilo ʻo ia i kauka. I ka wā mua, ʻaʻole i ʻae nā mākua i nā hoʻolālā o ka 15 makahiki ʻaʻole wale no ka pono akā no nā kumu waiwai. He ʻeono kā lāua mau keiki e kākoʻo ai. Pono ʻo Anna e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kona makuakāne no ka manawa lōʻihi e hoʻoholo ai, a ʻo ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa hope loa ʻo ia .... Ua kūlou hope ʻo Mr. Władysław a wehe i ka pahu. No ʻelua makahiki, hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā kumu aʻo pilikino e hoʻomākaukau i kāna kaikamahine no ke aʻo ʻana. Ua aʻo lākou i kāna mau kumuhana i aʻo ʻole ʻia i ka uku - biology, physics, chemistry, French, German and Latin.

I ka hopena, ua hele kahi kaikamahine 17 makahiki i Zurich. I ka makahiki 1871, ua puka ʻo ia i nā hoʻokolohua komo a hoʻomaka i kāna mau haʻawina.

Ua ʻae ʻia ka wahine mua i nā haʻawina lapaʻau ma laila i ka makahiki 1864. ʻO ka wahine Polani ka haumāna ʻumikūmālima. Ma mua ona, ʻeono wahine, ʻehā wahine Kelemania, ʻelua wahine Pelekane a hoʻokahi ʻAmelika i komo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua kapa ʻia nā wahine e aʻo ana ma ke kula lapaʻau. ʻO nā kāne - nā kumu aʻo a me nā hoahana - nīnau pinepine i ko lākou kūpono no ka ʻoihana. Ua lohe ʻia ka hana ʻino ʻana o nā moho wahine kauka, no laila, i ke kākau inoa ʻana no ka makahiki mua, ua noi ʻia lākou i palapala hōʻoia no ka pono.

Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike nā nūpepa Warsaw ma nā ʻaoʻao mua: "I Kepakemapa 1871, haʻalele ʻo Anna Tomaszewiczówna iā Warsaw no Zurich e aʻo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke kulanui ma laila". He mea ʻike ʻole ia.

Ua lilo ʻo Anna i haumāna akamai loa. Mai ke kolu o ka makahiki ua komo ʻo ia i ka noiʻi, a i ka makahiki ʻelima ua lilo ʻo ia i mea kōkua no prof. ʻO Edward Hitzing, he neurologist a me ka psychiatrist. Ua aneane ʻo ia e uku no kēia kōkua uku ʻia me kona ola, no ka mea, i kāna hana, ua loaʻa ʻo ia i ka typhus, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia ka paʻakikī.

I ka makahiki 1877 ua loa'a 'o ia i ke kēkelē laepua a me ke kūlana hanohano no kāna thesis i kapa 'ia "Contribution to the physiology of the auditory labyrinth". Ua hāʻawi koke ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻolōʻihi i kāna kōkua a hele i Iapana. Eia naʻe, hoʻihoʻi ʻia i kona ʻāina hānau, hōʻole ʻo Anna a hele i Warsaw.

Ua mihi koke ʻo Kauka Tomaszewicz i kāna hoʻoholo

Ma ka home, ua hōʻike ka nūpepa i nā kauka wahine e like me ka poʻe i hoʻohalahala ʻole me ka predispositions i ka ʻoihana. Ua hana hoʻowahāwahā kona mau hoa hana iā ia. Ma hope koke iho o kona hoʻi ʻana mai, ua hana ʻo ia e kūʻē iā ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka prof kaulana. Rydygier.

Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Dr. Tomaszewicz e hoʻopau ʻo ia i ke kūʻē ʻana o kāna mau hoa hana, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i kona ʻike a me kona mākaukau. Ua noi ʻo ia no ke komo ʻana i ka Warsaw Medical Society. ʻO kāna hana, i kākau ʻia no kahi puke moʻolelo olakino Kelemania kaulana, aia i loko o ka waihona o ka hui. I kēia manawa ua hoʻouna hou ʻo ia i ʻelua i laila. Ua loiloi nui ʻo Pelekikena Henryk Hoyer iā lākou, e kākau ana he "mana nui" ka moho a "ʻike piha i nā pahuhopu a me nā ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau", akā ʻaʻole ia i hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka hui. Ua lilo kona moho ma kahi koho malu.

Ua pale ʻo Aleksander Świętochowski lāua ʻo Bolesław Prus iā ia ma ka nūpepa. Ua kākau ʻo Prus: "Ke manaʻo nei mākou he hōʻailona maʻalahi kēia ulia o ka pale ʻana i nā mea kupaianaha, kahi mea maʻamau i ka honua a hiki i nā manu liʻiliʻi ke kuʻi i kahi canary no ka mea he melemele."

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ke kauka ʻōpio e hōʻoia i kāna diploma a no laila hoʻomaka e hana i ka ʻoihana. Ua hōʻike ʻo "Przegląd Lekarski": "He mea minamina ke ʻae aku ʻo Miss T., i ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻike wale ʻo ia i ka leʻaleʻa i kāna ʻoihana. Ua makemake ʻo ia e lawe i kahi hoʻokolokolo ma ʻaneʻi a hele i ke kahu o ka ʻāpana ʻepekema, nāna i hoʻouna iā ia i ke kuhina, a ua hōʻole ke kuhina. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi ʻo ia i kāna mau lawelawe i ka Red Cross Society, akā ua hōʻole ʻo ia i kāna hāʻawi ".

Ua hoapono ka Ahahui Kea Ulaula i ka hoole ana e hoohana i ke kauka me ka nele i ka pono hana a ua paniia ka poai.

E nānā i kekahi: ʻO Sir Frederick Grant Banting - ka mea orthopedic nāna i hoʻopakele i ke ola o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi

Ke hoao nei ke kauka ma St. Petersburg

I kona ʻike ʻana he hua ʻole kāna mau hoʻoikaika ʻana e ʻike i kāna diploma Swiss ma Warsaw, ua haʻalele ʻo Kauka Tomaszewicz i St. Petersburg. ʻAʻole hiki ke maʻalahi ma laila, no ka mea, ke hōʻike nei nā kauka i kēia mau manaʻo: "ʻAʻole hiki i nā wahine ke lilo i kauka no ka mea… ʻaʻohe ʻumiʻumi!".

Akā naʻe, ua hele mai ʻo Annie e hoʻopakele ma ka pōʻino. I ka manawa like, e kipa ana kekahi Sultan iā St. Petersburg, e ʻimi ana i wahine nāna e mālama i kāna harem. He nui kāna mau koi no ka mea e mākaukau ka moho ma ka ʻōlelo Kelemānia a me ka ʻōlelo Pelekania. Ua hālāwai ʻo Kauka Tomaszewicz i kēia mau kūlana. Ua hoʻolimalima ʻia ʻo ia, a ua ʻae kēia iā ia e hōʻoia i kāna diploma. Ua hala ʻo ia i nā hoʻokolohua ma ke kulanui ʻo St. Petersburg, loaʻa iā ia ke kuleana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma ko mākou ʻāina.

I ka makahiki 1880, hoʻi ʻo Anna i Polani a hoʻomaka i kāna hana ponoʻī ma Warsaw i Iune. ʻAʻole pili ʻo ia i ka physiology, ʻo ia kāna ʻoihana. Hana ʻo ia ma ke alanui ʻo Niecała, ʻoihana i ka mālama ʻana i nā wahine a me nā keiki. ʻO kēia koho i hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e nā kūlana, ʻoiai he kakaikahi nā kāne e makemake e nīnau iā ia i kēlā manawa.

I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua loli pū kona ola pilikino. Ua mare ʻo ia i kahi hoa hana - he loea ENT Konrad Dobrski, me kāna keiki kāne hoʻokahi, ʻo Ignacy.

I ka makahiki 1882, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Kauka Tomaszewicz-Dobrska i kahi holomua ʻoihana liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana ma kahi hale hānai ma ke alanui Prosta. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hana no ka mea ua lanakila ʻo ia i kāna mau kāne hoʻokūkū. Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa iā ia ke kākoʻo ikaika mai kāna kāne, a me Bolesław Prus lāua ʻo Aleksander Świętochowski.

ʻO ka mua Polani gynecologist

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka home maternity kahi āna e hana ai ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea panakō kaulana a me ka philanthropist ʻo Stanisław Kronenberg. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i nā kālā e wehe i ʻelima mau hale like ma hope o ka puka ʻana o kahi maʻi maʻi puerperal ma Warsaw.

He paʻakikī loa ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana a Kauka Tomaszewicz-Dobrska. ʻO ka hale kahiko ma ke alanui Prosta, ʻaʻohe wai kahe, ʻaʻohe halepaku, a ʻo nā kapuahi mahā kahiko e puhi ana. Ma ia mau kūlana, ua hoʻokō ke kauka i nā lula o ka mālama antiseptic. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i nā lula kumu o ka maʻemaʻe, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Vows of Chastity". Pono nā limahana a pau e hahai pono iā lākou.

Ua noa ke kōkua ma laila, a ua hoʻohana ʻia e nā wahine ʻilihune loa o Warsaw. I ka makahiki 1883, ua hānau ʻia nā keiki he 96 i loko o ka hale, a i ka makahiki 1910 - ua 420.

Ma lalo o ke aupuni a Kauka Tomaszewicz-Dobrska, ua emi ka make o ka poʻe i loko o ka hana i ka 1 pakeneka, ka mea i hoʻāla i ka mahalo ʻaʻole wale ma waena o nā kauka ma Warsaw. Mahalo i kāna mau hana, i ka makahiki 1889 ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hale hoʻomaha i kahi hale hou ma ul. Żelazna 55. Ma laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hale a me nā kūlana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻoiai ua hana ʻia nā lumi kaʻawale no nā kahu hānai febrile. Ma laila, i ka makahiki 1896, ʻo ke kauka ka mea mua ma Warsaw e hana i ka ʻāpana caesarean.

Eia hou, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Kauka Anna i nā limahana a me nā kahu hānai. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i 340 mau pale keiki a me 23 mau kahu hānai. Ua paʻi ʻo ia i nā ʻatikala he ʻumikūmālua e pili ana i nā ʻano lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kāna hale, a me ka laʻana, e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka nohona o ke kaiāulu Polani i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ʻEulopa.

ʻO kāna mau wehewehe ʻana i ka asylum sparkle me ka liʻiliʻi irony, e like me ke kīkī ʻilihune, kahi kīhini ʻilihune kahi i hana ʻia ai ka kuke ʻana a me ka holoi ʻana, a kahi e hiamoe ai nā kauā a kali i nā malihini, kapa ʻo ia ʻo "Pantheon, e apo ana i nā hoʻomana āpau a me nā hoʻomana āpau".

Ua hana ke kauka ma ka oihana no ka aneane 30 makahiki, a loaa ka kaulana o ke kauka maikai loa, a ua piha kona keena i na wahine mai na ano a pau. I ka hopena o kona ola ʻana, ʻo Kauka Tomaszewicz-Dobrska kekahi o nā kauka kaulana loa ma ke kapikala, nāna e hoʻōla i nā maʻi ʻilihune me ka manuahi, a hāʻawi pū i ke kākoʻo kālā. I ka makahiki 1911 ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻelua mau haukapila hānai ma Warsaw: St. Zofia a me Fr. ʻO Anna Mazowiecka, a ua pani ʻia nā hale noho, hōʻole ʻo ia e lawe i ka hoʻokele o ka haukapila, e noi ana i kona hope no kēia kūlana.

Ma waho aʻe o kāna ʻoihana ʻoihana, ua hana pū ʻo Kauka Anna ma ka Warsaw Charity Society (ʻo ia ka mea mālama i ka lumi humuhumu) a me ka Summer Camps for Children Society, he kauka nō hoʻi ʻo ia i kahi malu no nā kumu. Kākau ʻo ia i nā ʻatikala no ka Kultura Polska i kēlā me kēia pule a kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā pono wahine. He hoaaloha ʻo ia me Eliza Orzeszkowa lāua ʻo Maria Konopnicka. Mai ka makahiki 52, ua lilo ʻo ia i lālā ikaika o ka Polish Culture Society. I ka makahiki 1907, ua komo 'o ia i ka hui o ka Ahaolelo mua o na Wahine Polani.

Ua make ʻo Dr Anna Tomszewicz-Dobrska i ka makahiki 1918 o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, kahi āna i loaʻa ai ma mua. No ka ʻike ʻana i kona manaʻo, ua hoʻoholo kona mau hoa ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lei a me nā pua, e hoʻolilo lākou i ke kālā ma ka hoʻolaha "A Drop of Milk".

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