ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā pākeke i 2022
Ma Rūsia, ua hoʻomaka mua ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi influenza 2022-2023. ʻO ka pana o ka maʻi maʻi no ka poʻe mākua e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i kahi maʻi weliweli i make i nā ola o nā miliona o ka poʻe me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻole.

ʻAʻole manaʻo ka nui o ka poʻe i kēia lā i ka maʻi maʻi he maʻi weliweli, no ka mea, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē iā ia, a kūʻai aku nā lāʻau lapaʻau i nā lāʻau lapaʻau he nui e hoʻohiki nei e "hoʻopau i nā hōʻailona o ke anu a me ka maʻi maʻi" i nā lā ʻelua. Akā ʻo ka ʻike kaumaha o nā kenekulia i hala, no ka laʻana, ka maʻi maʻi maʻi Spanish kaulana, e hoʻomanaʻo mai iā mākou he maʻi insidious kēia. A he liʻiliʻi loa nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻopaʻa ikaika i ka maʻi maʻi.1.

A hiki i kēia lā, pilikia ka maʻi maʻi no kona mau pilikia. ʻO kekahi o nā ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai iā ʻoe iho mai ka maʻi ʻo ia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka manawa.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi maʻi i ko mākou ʻāina i ka National calendar of preventive vaccinations2. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā aia kekahi mau ʻāpana i koi ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kēia nā limahana o nā keʻena olakino a hoʻonaʻauao, ka lawe ʻana, nā pono lehulehu.

Ma hea e loaʻa ai ka maʻi maʻi ma Rusia

Hana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā keʻena lapaʻau a me nā keʻena lapaʻau pilikino. Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau intramuscularly ma ka lima luna.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hāʻawi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hana ʻia e Rūsia me ka uku ʻole (i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā keʻena keʻena kūloko, ma lalo o ke kulekele MHI), inā makemake ʻoe e hana i kahi haole, pono ke koi ʻia kahi uku hou. ʻAʻohe pono e hoʻomākaukau no ke kaʻina hana - ʻo ka mea nui ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke anuanu3.

Ma Rūsia, he kakaikahi ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a hiki i ka 37% o ka heluna kanaka. Ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻokoʻa ke kūlana, no ka laʻana, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapalua o ka heluna kanaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka maʻi influenza.

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau flu

He pōkole ke ola ma hope o ka pana ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau, lawa ia no hoʻokahi kau wale nō - ʻaʻole e pale hou ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi. Ma 20 - 40% wale nō o nā hihia, e kōkua ka pana ʻana i ka maʻi i ka wā i hala. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka loli kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi ma ke ʻano, hoʻololi mau ia. No laila, hoʻokō ʻia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau makahiki, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana ʻia nei nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou o kēia kau.4.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau influenza ma Rusia?

Ua hana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau mua mai nā maʻi maʻi neutralized, a ua "ola" kekahi. ʻAneʻane ʻo nā pana maʻi maʻi o kēia wā he mau lāʻau lapaʻau i hana ʻia mai nā maʻi maʻi "pepehi". Hoʻoulu ʻia nā maʻi maʻi influenza ma nā embryos moa, a ʻo ia ke kumu nui o nā allergies hiki ke loaʻa - ma muli o ke ʻano o ka protein moa i loko o ka haku mele.

Ma Rūsia, aia kahi moʻomeheu ʻaʻole e hilinaʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūloko, manaʻo pinepine ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau haole. Akā, ke ulu nei ka nui o ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūloko i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai ke hāʻule nei ka maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi. Hōʻike kēia i ka hana kiʻekiʻe o nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūloko, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

I ka wā puna-autumn, loaʻa i nā keʻena lapaʻau nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau Lūkini a me nā haole. I Rusia, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau: Sovigripp, Ultrix, Flu-M, Ultrix Quardi, Vaxigrip, Grippol, Grippol plus, Influvak. I ka huina, ma kahi o ʻelua kakini o ia mau kano i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia.

Aia nā hōʻike e hāʻawi ʻole ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau haole i Rūsia i kēia kau (ʻo Vaxigrip / Influvak kēia).

Hoʻololi ke ʻano o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hana ʻia kēia no ka pale kiʻekiʻe loa i ka maʻi maʻi flu i loli i ka makahiki. Ua wānana ka World Health Organization i ke ʻano o ka maʻi influenza i manaʻo ʻia i kēia kau. Hana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou ma muli o kēia ʻikepili, no laila ʻokoʻa paha kēlā me kēia makahiki.5.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

E haʻi ʻo ia iā ʻoe e pili ana i nā paʻakikī āpau o ka hana ʻana i nā kano a me ko lākou palekana вRach-therapist, gastroenterologist Marina Malygina.

ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi?
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka maʻi maʻi influenza inā loaʻa i ke kanaka nā maʻi koko ʻino a me nā neoplasms, a ua maʻi pū kekahi i ka protein moa (ʻo kēlā mau kano wale nō i hana ʻia me ka protein moa a loaʻa nā ʻāpana o ia mea ʻaʻole hiki ke lawelawe ʻia). ʻAʻole lapaʻau ʻia ka poʻe maʻi i ka wā i ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou maʻi hānō bronchial a me ka dermatitis atopic, a i ka wā e kala ʻia ai kēia mau maʻi, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka maʻi influenza. Mai hoʻopaʻa ʻia inā he kuni ka mea e lapaʻau ʻia a aia nā hōʻailona o SARS. Hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no 3 pule inā he maʻi koʻikoʻi ke kanaka. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ma mua.
Pono au e kiʻi i ka maʻi maʻi inā ua maʻi au?
Hoʻololi ka maʻi maʻi flu i kēlā me kēia makahiki, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā antibodies i hana ʻia i loko o ke kino ke pale piha i kahi ʻano hou o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi. Inā maʻi kekahi kanaka i ke kau i hala, ʻaʻole ia e pale iā ia mai ka maʻi maʻi i kēia kau. Pili kēia i ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi i ka makahiki i hala. Ma muli o kēia mau ʻikepili, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he pono ke loaʻa i ka maʻi influenza, ʻoiai inā ua maʻi ʻoe.
Hiki i nā wāhine hāpai ke loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi?
Ua piʻi aʻe ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi i nā wahine hāpai. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hana o kā lākou kaʻa kaʻa, pale a me nā ʻōnaehana hanu. I ka manawa like, piʻi ka paʻakikī o ka papa, kahi e hoʻonui ai i nā halemai. Ua hōʻoia nā haʻawina i ka palekana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi no kēia ʻano o nā kānaka. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā antibody i loko o ke kino ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pēpē ma o ka waiū umauma, e hōʻemi ana i ka maʻi. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i nā wahine hāpai i ka 2nd a me 3 trimester o ka hāpai ʻana, a me ka wā e hānai ai.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke pulu i ka wahi pana maʻi maʻi?
Ma hope o ka pana ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻauʻau, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono e ʻoki ʻia ka wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka sponge, no ka mea hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi hematoma. Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau intramuscularly, no laila ʻo ka ʻili wale nō i ʻeha iki a ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka hopena o ke kano.
Hiki iaʻu ke inu i ka waiʻona ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi?
ʻAʻole, pāpā ʻia kekahi ukana ma ke ake. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mea hiki i nā kinikona i loko o ka waiʻona ke keʻakeʻa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka palekana maikaʻi a hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā allergies.
I ka manawa hea e hiki ai iaʻu ke loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi ma hope o ka pana coronavirus?
Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi i hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19. ʻO ka manawa kūpono no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻo Kepakemapa-Nowemapa.
He aha nā pilikia e hiki ke loaʻa ma hope o ka pana flu?
Loaʻa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ka lakio pōmaikaʻi-i-pilikia kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā hopena o nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi ma mua o nā hopena ʻino ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.

Mahalo i nā ʻenehana hou, e emi ana nā hopena ʻino i ka maʻi maʻi flu. No ka laʻana, i ka hopena o nā makahiki 70, i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i kahi kano, ua pepehi ʻia ka maʻi maʻi, "hoʻomaʻemaʻe" iki a ma muli o ia mea, ua hana ʻia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka maʻi āpau-virion. I kēia lā, ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻaʻole pono ka maʻi virus holoʻokoʻa, ua lawa kekahi mau protein, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi pane immune i loko o ke kino. No laila, i ka wā mua ua luku ʻia ka maʻi a hoʻopau ʻia nā mea āpau, waiho wale i nā protein pono e hoʻokumu ai i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi influenza. Manaʻo ke kino iā lākou he virus maoli. ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka hā o ka hanauna subunit vaccine. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka poʻe maʻi maʻi, me ka protein moa. Ua lawe ʻia ka ʻenehana i kahi pae i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻike o ka protein moa i loko o ke kano.

Hiki paha ke ʻano liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻulaʻula, i kekahi manawa piʻi iki ka mahana, a ʻike ʻia kahi poʻo. Akā ʻaʻole kakaikahi ka hopena - ma kahi o 3% o nā mea āpau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai inā palekana kahi kano?
E like me kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ke kano. I ka manawa like, ʻo nā hoʻomākaukau immunobiological hou nā huahana kiʻekiʻe e hana i nā hoʻokolohua lōʻihi (mai 2 a 10 mau makahiki) no ka pono a me ka palekana o ka hoʻohana. No laila, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau palekana ma ka mākeke.

ʻOiai ma hope o ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kanaka, ke hoʻomau nei nā luna olakino e nānā i kona maikaʻi a palekana. Ke nānā mau nei nā keʻena kūikawā o ka Ministry of Health o Rūsia i ka hana o nā kano i hana ʻia.

I loko o ke kaʻina hana kano holoʻokoʻa, ma kahi o 400 mau mana o nā mea maka, media, ka maikaʻi o nā waena a me nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻoihana kāna hale hana mana ponoʻī, kahi kaʻawale mai ka hana ʻana a hana kūʻokoʻa.

Ke nānā nei nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻolako i ka mālama pono ʻana i nā lula no ka mālama ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i nā kano, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i nā kūlana o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "cold chain".

Hiki iaʻu ke lawe i kaʻu kano ponoʻī no ka lāʻau lapaʻau?
No ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā ʻoe e hahai i nā lula āpau o ka lawe ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kūʻai a lawe mai i kāu kano ponoʻī. E pōʻino paha kona maikaʻi. ʻOi aku ka hilinaʻi o ka mea i mālama pono ʻia i loko o kahi hale lapaʻau. Hōʻole ka hapa nui o lākou i ka lawelawe ʻana i ke kano i lawe ʻia no kēia kumu.
Pehea ka wikiwiki o ka hopena o ke kano?
ʻAʻole hoʻomohala koke ʻia ka "pale" i ka maʻi maʻi ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻike ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā ʻāpana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e lawe ana ma kahi o ʻelua pule. ʻOiai e hoʻomohala ʻia ana ka pale ʻana, pono e pale ʻia ka poʻe i maʻi ʻia e pale i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi ma mua o ka hana ʻana o ke kano.

Kumuwaiwai o:

  1. ʻO Orlova NV Flu. ʻO ka maʻi, ka hoʻolālā no ke koho ʻana i nā lāʻau antiviral // MS. 2017. No. 20. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gripp-diagnostika-strategiya-vybora-protivovirusnyh-preparatov
  2. Pākuʻi N 1. ʻAlemanaka aupuni o nā lāʻau lapaʻau pale
  3. ʻIke o ka Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare dated September 20, 2021 "No ka influenza a me nā hana e pale aku ai" https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/402715964/
  4. ʻO ka lawelawe Federal no ka nānā ʻana i ka palekana o nā mea kūʻai aku a me ka pono kanaka. E pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi influenza ma nā nīnau a me nā pane. https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/about/info/news/news_details.php?ELEMENT_ID=15586
  5. ʻO ka lawelawe Federal no ka nānā ʻana i ka palekana o nā mea kūʻai aku a me ka pono kanaka. ʻO nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a Rospotrebnadzor i ka heluna kanaka ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/zika/recomendation.php

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