ʻO ka trochanter ʻoi aku ka nui (mai ka Greek trokhantêr) ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻāpana o ka femur, ka iwi hoʻokahi o ka ʻūhā aia ma waena o ka uha a me ke kuli.

wahi. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka pūʻali koa ʻoi aku ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka pili o ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo o ka femur. Elongated i ke kinona, ʻo ka hope ka iwi lōʻihi a hōʻike i ka awelika hapaha o ka nui o ke kino. (1) ʻO ia ka iwi nui loa i ke kino o ke kanaka a hana ʻia ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:

• kahi hopena kokoke, aia ma ka pūhaka a hana ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana (1):

  - ke poʻo o ka femur, aia i loko o ka acetabulum, ka lua articular o ka iwi coxal, ka mea e hana ai i ka ʻūhā.

  - ka ʻāʻī o ka femur e hoʻohui i ke poʻo i ka diaphysis;

  - nā mea nui a me nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā pōpō iwi, i hoʻonoho ʻia ma ka pae o ka pili o ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo.

• kahi pae mamao, aia ma ka pae o ke kuli;
• kahi diaphysis, a i ʻole ke kino, ma waena o ka iwi ma waena o nā wēlau ʻelua.

'ole. ʻO ka trochanter ʻoi aku kahi protrusion bony e lilo i kihi o nā insertions no nā io he nui (2):

• ʻo ka mākala pyramidal ma luna o kona alo;
• ka gluteus medius (a i ʻole gluteus medius) a me nā mākala nunui lateralis ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao;
• ka gluteus minimus (a i ʻole gluteus minimus) a me nā mākala nunui lateralis ma kona ʻaoʻao mua;
• obturator a me nā māhoe māhoe ma ka papa waena

Ka lawe ʻana o ke kaupaona. ʻO kahi ʻāpana hoʻohui o ka femur, ʻo ka trochanter ʻoi aku ka nui i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ke kaumaha o ke kino mai ka iwi pūhaka i ka tibia. (3)

ʻO ka hoʻoikaika kino. Hāʻawi ʻia i nā kiko komo ʻokoʻa no nā mākala, hāʻawi ka mea nui ʻoi aku i ka hiki i ke kino ke neʻe a mālama i ke kū pololei. (3)

ʻIke ʻia paha ka ʻeha ma ka trochanter ʻoi aku. Kuhi ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he maʻi ʻeha o ka trochanter nui (4). ʻO nā kumu o kēia ʻeha he ʻokoʻa akā hiki ke lilo i traumatic, congenital a i ʻole Tumoral kumu.

Nā maʻi iwi. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka pūʻali koa ʻoi aku e nā pathologies iwi.

• Osteoporosis. Kuhi kēia pathology i ka nalo ʻana o ka momona o ka iwi i ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka poʻe ma luna o 60 mau makahiki. Hoʻonui ia i ka nāwaliwali o ka iwi a paipai i nā bila. (5)
• Kanesa iwi. Hiki i nā metastases ke hoʻomohala i nā iwi. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia kēia mau hunaola maʻiʻaʻai mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai mua i loko o kekahi meaola. (6)

Haki wahine. ʻO nā haʻihaʻi wahine maʻamau ka mea i ka ʻāʻī o ka femur, keu hoʻi i ka poʻe ʻelemakule me ka osteoporosis. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka trochanter nui aʻe. Hōʻike ʻia nā haki o ka femur e ka ʻeha ma ka uha.

ʻO Coxarthrosis. Kūlike kēia pathology i ka lole a me ka waimaka o ka cartilage o ka hui pūhaka.

ʻO Tendinopathies trochantériennes. Ke hana nei i nā kaula, hiki ke hana i nā tendinopathies i ka wahi o ka trochanter nui (4). Hōʻike nui ʻia lākou e ka ʻeha i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana. ʻO nā kumu o kēia mau pathologies he ʻokoʻa a hiki ke lilo i kumu kumu ʻelua me nā genetis predispositions, a me extrinsic, me kahi kūlana maikaʻi ʻole i ka wā haʻuki.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka maʻi i ʻike ʻia, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau e hoʻoponopono a hoʻoikaika ai paha i ka iwi o ka iwi, a e hoʻēmi hoʻi i ka ʻeha a me ka mumū.

ʻO keʻano maʻamau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka haki, hiki ke hana i ke kaha me ke kau ʻana o nā pin, kahi pā paʻa ʻia i ka ʻāwili, kahi hoʻopaʻa kūwaho a i ʻole i kekahi ʻano prostesis.

Hoʻomaʻo Orthopedic. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka haki, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kau ʻana i kahi plaster a i ʻole kahi kēpau.

Lapaʻau kino. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hoʻoponopono kino, e like me ka physiotherapy a i ʻole ka physiotherapy.

Hoʻomaʻo Hormonal, radiotherapy a chemotherapy. Kau ʻia kēia mau hana ma muli o ke ʻano a me ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Ke kaulike. Hoʻomaka ka hōʻailona me kahi loiloi o ka ʻeha i ʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi ma ka lālā o lalo a me ke pelvis.

ʻImi hoʻokolohua kiʻi. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology i manaʻo ʻia a hōʻoia ʻia paha, hana ʻia paha kekahi mau hoʻokolokolo hou e like me ka X-ray, kahi ultrasound, kahi CT scan, kahi MRI, kahi scintigraphy a i ʻole kahi densitometry iwi.

Nānā Lapaʻau. I mea e ʻike ai i kekahi mau pathology, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke koko a me ka mimi e like me, e laʻa me ke ana o ka phosphor a me ka calcium.

Biopsy iwi. I kekahi mau hihia, lawe ʻia kahi laʻa iwi e hōʻoia i kahi kuhi.

I Kēkēmapa 2015, ua wehe ka makasina ʻo PLOS ONE i kahi ʻatikala e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi femur kanaka mai kahi ʻano premodern. (7) ʻIke ʻia i ka makahiki 1989 ma Kina, ʻaʻole i aʻo ʻia kēia iwi a hiki i ka makahiki 2012. I ka hala ʻana o 14 mau makahiki, pili kēia iwi i kahi ʻano e hoʻokokoke ana iʻO Homo lawe lima orʻO Homo ʻelau. Pēlā i hiki ai i nā kānaka kahiko ke ola a hiki i ka hopena o ke Ice Ice i hala, 10 mau makahiki i hala. Kuhi paha kēia ʻike i kahi ola o ka moʻokūʻauhau evolution (000) hou.