ʻO ka lauoho (mai ka Latin capillus) kahi lauoho i loaʻa ka hana o ka pale ʻana i ke poʻo a me ka poʻo. I haku ʻia o keratin, ikaika loa ia a hiki ke kū i ke kaupaona o 100g me ka haʻalele ʻole.

Ke haʻi pololei nei ka lauoho i nā lauoho ʻano o ke ʻano kanaka. Loaʻa iā lākou ka kikoʻī o ka lōʻihi a maʻalahi a me ka uhi ʻana i ke poʻo. I ke kanaka makua olakino, aia ma kahi o 150.

Hoʻokomo maoli ʻia ka lauoho i kahi protein, keratin, kuleana no kona ikaika nui. Akā loaʻa pū ka wai, nā wai momona, melanin, zinc, nā wikamina a me ka hao i nā liʻiliʻi.

Hana ʻia kahi lauoho i kahi ʻāpana i ʻike maka ʻia, ke kumu, a me kahi aʻa i kanu ʻia i kahi lua liʻiliʻi, ka follicle o ka lauoho.

Puka ka koʻokoʻo ma luna o ka ʻili. ʻOkoʻa kona kala i ka mea o kēlā me kēia. Hana ʻia ʻo ia i ʻekolu papa: ka momona, hoʻopuni ʻia e ka piko, hoʻopuni ʻia e ka cuticle. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea hope loa i kahi papa maʻalahi o nā hunaola i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e like me nā tile i luna o ka hale: ʻo kēia hoʻonohonoho e ʻae i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā lauoho, ka mea e pale ai iā lākou mai ka ʻūlū ʻana. ʻO ka cuticle kahi ʻāpana i piha i ka keratin, kahi e hoʻoikaika ai i ka lauoho a ikaika loa.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ke aʻa ma lalo o ka ʻili obliquely. Pulu ia i loko o ka follicle lauoho, kahi e hana ʻia ai ka lauoho. I kona mahele lalo ka puʻupuʻu i loaʻa i kona kumu, ka papilla lauoho; Ma kēia pae e kū ai nā hoʻololi o nā meaola a me ka oxygen e pono ai no ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho. Ma luna o ka u kukui ka gland sebaceous, e hūnā i ka sebum no ka lubrication o ka lauoho.

Ma ke kumu o ka follicle, ʻike pū mākou i ka mākala hopu. ʻAelike ia ma lalo o ka hopena o ke anuanu a makaʻu paha.

Holoholo lauoho

Hānau ʻia nā lauoho āpau, ola a make: ʻo kēia ka pōʻai lauoho. ʻAʻole nā ​​lauoho āpau i ka pae like. Noho ka pōʻaiapuni ma ka awelika 3 a 4 mau makahiki a loaʻa he 3 pae:

Anagen phase - Ka ulu ʻana

Ke ulu nei ʻo 85% o ka lauoho. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lauoho i ka pae o ka ʻula a ulu i ka hoʻonui ʻia o keratinocytes, nā hunaola i synthesize i ka keratin. Neʻe aku nā keratinocytes mai ka wahi ulu, paʻakikī e hana i ka ʻau o ka lauoho a laila make. Aia i ka puʻupuʻu lauoho kahi ʻano o ka pūnaewele ʻelua, melanocytes, kahi e synthesize melanin, ka pigment i kuleana no ke kala o ka lauoho. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho ʻo 0,9-1,3cm i kēlā me kēia mahina. Hoʻololi ia e like me ke ʻano o ka lauoho, ʻo ka wikiwiki loa he ʻano ʻAsia.

ʻO Catagen phase - Hoʻomaha

ʻO ka wā i kapa ʻia ʻo "hoʻokomo", he 2 a 3 mau pule ka lōʻihi a pili i ka 1% o ka lauoho. Kūlike ia i ke koena o ka follicle: kū ka mahele o ke kelepona, hoʻopōkole ka follicle a hoʻemi i ka nui.

Telogen phase - Ka hāʻule

ʻO ia ka keratinization piha o ka lauoho i, i ka wā lōʻihi, kipaku ʻia mai ka ʻili. Kū ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 2 mau mahina no 14% o ka lauoho. A laila hoʻomaka hou ke kaʻapuni, hana kahi lauoho hou e ka follicle.

Ke kuleana o ka lauoho

He hana iki ka lauoho o ka pale ʻana i ke poʻo mai ka hahau ʻana.

ʻO nā lauoho a me ke kala

He ʻano like ʻole ka lauoho. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka lāʻau lauoho hiki ke hoʻomaopopo iā lākou:

• kahi ʻāpana oval, e hōʻike ana i kahi lauoho laumania, silky a wavy hoʻi,
• ʻO kahi ʻāpana pālahalaha e hōʻike ana i ka lauoho lauoho,
• ʻO kahi ʻāpana poepoe e hāʻawi i kahi lauoho ʻoʻoleʻa, me kahi ʻano maʻalahi.

Aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā lāhui. E hōʻike kahi kanaka ʻAmelika ʻApelika i ka haʻahaʻa o ka lauoho, ke anawaena, ka ikaika, a me ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana. No kekahi kanaka o nā kūpuna Asia, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka lauoho a ʻoi aku ka ikaika.

La Waihona lauoho hoʻomalu ʻia e nā melanocytes kahi synthesize melanin. Aia nā lau ʻokoʻa - melemele, ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele - ka mea e hoʻohui ʻia e hana i ke kala o ka lauoho. I ka hihia o ka lauoho keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole hana hou nā melanocytes.

Alopecia : pili i ka lauoho i ka waiho ʻana o ka ʻili hapa a i ʻole ʻōlohelohe. Aia nā ʻano like ʻole.

Alopecia i ka pā (a i ʻole alopecia areata): kumu o ka nalo ʻana o ka lauoho i nā palaki, pinepine i ka maʻi poʻo. Mālama ka ʻili o ka iwi poʻo i kona helehelena maʻamau, akā nele i ka lauoho i nā wahi.

Baldness (a androgenetic alopecia) : pili i ka nalo ʻana o ka lauoho e waiho ʻōlohelohe i ka ʻili. Hoʻopili nui ia i nā kāne a hoʻoholo ʻia e ka hoʻoilina.

Alopecia wili : ka make ʻana o ka lauoho ma muli o ka pohō mau o ka ʻili ma muli o kahi maʻi o ka ʻili a i ʻole kahi maʻi (lupus, psoriasis, lichen planus, a pēlā aku.).

Kāwē kikini : ka maʻi ʻili a me ka lauoho i hoʻokumu ʻia e fungi, dermatophytes. ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maikaʻi akā pili loa i nā keiki ma lalo o 12 mau makahiki. ʻO ia ke kumu pinepine o ka alopecia i nā keiki, akā ulu ka lauoho i ka hapanui o nā hihia.

ʻO Effluvium télogène : ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lauoho me ka hopena a me ka manawa pōkole ma muli o ka haʻalulu o ke kino a me ka naʻau, hāpai keiki, ʻoki kino, pohō nui, kaumaha nui, etc.

Pihi ʻaʻo : ʻo ka papa o ka lauoho i waho, ka ʻāina momona loa i ka keratin, hōʻike nui ʻia i nā huhū kūwaho a hoʻemi i ka hopena o ka lauoho. ʻO nā fibril keratin a laila loaʻa i loko o ka papa i loko rebound, kahi hanana i ʻike ʻia he wēlau māhele.

Lauoho lauoho : ke aniani o ka lauoho e hōʻike ana i kahi haunaele i ka hana ʻana o nā gland sebaceous ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka follicle. Hana ʻia ka sebum ma kahi keu. Mālama maʻalahi lākou i ka lepo a me ka haumia, hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili a hopena i ka makaʻu.

ʻO ka lauoho maloʻo a palupalu paha: ʻO ka lauoho i hele a ʻelemakule loa a nona ka keratin i nalowale i kāna hana elastis. No laila, haki maʻalahi lākou i ka palaki ʻana, ka hoʻolālā ʻana, a i ka wā e hiamoe ana. Kūpilikiʻi lākou i ka hoʻopā, paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale, a lilo nā wēlau i mau ʻāpana.

huakai : benign, he mau unahi keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ia o ka ʻili e kūlike i nā huhui o nā hunaola make e hāʻule mai ke poʻo. ʻO kēia desquamation kūpono ʻole ma muli o ka hōʻeleu o ka hoʻohou o nā hunaola o ka ʻelepapa o ka ʻili, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka fungus e ka fungus. malassezia (i kēia manawa kūlohelohe, hoʻonui ia me ka maʻamau ʻole i kēia hihia). Hoʻopili ka dandruff i hoʻokahi i loko o ʻelua mau kānaka ma Palani.

ʻO ka dermatitis Seborrheic : ka maʻi ʻili maikaʻi i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā pākuʻi ʻulaʻula me nā unahi (nā ʻano dandruff) ma ka ʻili o ka ʻili. Hoʻopili nui ia i nā ʻili aila o ka ʻili, me ke poʻo.

I kekahi manawa lawe i kekahi mau lāʻau i hiki ke lilo i ka lauoho lilo. ʻO kēia ka hihia me kekahi mau lāʻau psychotropic. E inoa mākou e laʻa me ka lithium, i kuhikuhi ʻia no nā maʻi bipolar, i ʻike ʻia he kuleana no ka alopecia.

ʻO kekahi mea lahilahi o ke koko, e like me warfarin i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka poʻe me ka atrial fibrillation a i ʻole thrombosis venous, no ka laʻana, hiki ke hana i ka alopecia i kekahi poʻe. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ke kū ʻana i ka lāʻau a hōʻemi paha i ka lāʻau e ʻae ai i ka lauoho e ulu hou.

Ke hele nei i ka chemotherapy a i ʻole radiation radiation e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka maʻi i ʻike ʻia e lilo i ka lauoho a me ka make o ka lauoho. ʻO ka maʻamau alopecia manawa, ulu ka lauoho i ka hopena o ka lapaʻau.

ʻO ke kaulike ʻole o ka hormonal, ka luhi, ka ʻai kaulike ʻole ʻole, ka lā a me ke koʻikoʻi nā mea āpau i hiki ke hoʻohuli i ke olakino o ko mākou lauoho. ʻAʻole hiki ke pale aku i ka alopecia. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi kekahi mau ana i ke olakino maikaʻi o ka lauoho. ʻO ka ʻae ʻana i ka papaʻai olakino a kaulike e hōʻalo i nā hemahema a hāʻawi i nā meaola nui no ka nani o ka lauoho e like me ka zinc, ka magnesium a me ka calcium. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai waiwai i nā huaola B6 (salemona, maiʻa a ʻuala paha) hiki ke pale a kōkua paha i ka mālama ʻana i ka lauoho aila, no ka laʻana.

Lapaʻau o alopecia

ʻO ka lotion Minoxidil kahi lapaʻau e hoʻolōʻihi i ka nalo ʻana o ka lauoho a hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho. Hoʻolohi ʻo Finasteride i ka nalo ʻana o ka lauoho a i kekahi mau mea e paipai i ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho.

Ninaninau ʻike laula : he nīnau ia o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻōhule me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ʻike, ʻike ʻia ʻo Hamilton i hoʻololi ʻia e Norwood. Hiki i kēia hoʻokolokolo ke hoʻoholo i nā hihia i hiki ke pōmaikaʻi mai ka mālama ʻana a ʻaʻole hiki (nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe).

Trichogramme : ka nānā ʻana i kahi lauoho ma lalo o ka microscope e nānā i ke aʻa, ana i ke anawaena a helu i ka hāʻule. ʻAe e ʻike i nā kumu o ka alopecia i nā hihia paʻakikī.

Nānā Toxicological : hiki i ka lauoho ke mālama i nā mea a mākou iʻai ai: ka wai ʻona, ka cannabis, ka hauʻoli, cocaine, nā lāʻau, amphetamines, arsenic, pesticides, endocrine disruptor ... hele ka papa inoa. Hoʻohana ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau a me ka waiʻona i loko o ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo.

Nā Hana Hana : ʻoki kino hoʻihoʻi lauoho. Hiki i ka poʻe i kūpaʻa ke ʻōhule. Hoʻopili kēia i ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻāpana o ke poʻo me ka lauoho a me ke aʻa ma hope o ka maʻi poʻo, kahi e hoʻolālā ʻia ai ka lauoho a hiki i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. ʻOkiʻoki ʻia kēia mau mea i loko o nā ʻāpana i piha me ka 1 a 5 mau lauoho a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i nā wahi o ke ohule.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "alopecia" mai ka Helene mai alopex ʻo ia hoʻi "fox". Koho ʻia kēia huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka nalo ʻana o ka hulu e pili ana i kēia holoholona i kēlā me kēia puna (2).

ʻO ka lauoho mau ka hōʻailona o ka hoʻopunipuni i nā wahine. I loko o nā kaʻao, ua wehewehe ʻia nā akua wahine me ka lauoho nani (Aphrodite a me kona lauoho lauoho lauoho lōʻihi, ʻo Venus ka mea nāna i mālama i kona lauoho ponoʻī ...).

I nā kāne, he hōʻailona ka lauoho i ka ikaika. E haʻi mākou i ka moʻolelo o Samesona (7) nāna i huki i kona ikaika kupaianaha mai kona lauoho. I ka moʻolelo Baibala, kumakaia ʻia ʻo ia e ka wahine āna i aloha ai e kahi i kona lauoho e hoʻonele iā ia i kona ikaika. He paʻahao, loaʻa hou iā ia kona ikaika i ka ulu ʻana o kona lauoho.