ʻO ka halo hale (Serpula lacrymans) kiʻi a me ka wehewehe

ʻO ka halo hale (Serpula lacrymans)

Aia kēia haʻiki i ka ʻāpana o nā haʻi ʻino e luku i nā lāʻau.

ʻO kona mau inoa ʻē aʻe:

Noho ʻo ia ma luna o nā kumulāʻau make i ʻoki ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka pōʻino i ka wā e hānau ai ma nā hale like ʻole. Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi lāʻau, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau koke i nā ʻāpana lāʻau.

halo hale Loaʻa iā ia kahi hiki i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia (i nā pae like ʻole i loaʻa i loko o nā halo āpau) e hana i kahi mycelium ikaika a hiki i nā kūlana kūpono ʻole no ka hua ʻana. ʻO ia mau kūlana e pili ana i ka ea stagnant stale, kiʻekiʻe humidity, nele i ka mālamalama. Ma ke alo o kēia mau kumu, ulu nui ka haʻuki a me ka wikiwiki i ke ʻano o kahi ʻano palau a hana ikaika i ka hana luku.

Ma keʻano he kūlana, hoʻolaha kēia haʻuki i loko o nā basements a me nā hale waihona puke, kahi e haʻahaʻa a paʻa, ma lalo o nā papa papahele, ma ke kumu o nā kaola. Maikaʻi loa kona manaʻo inā pololei ka papahele ma ka lepo pulu.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka haʻiki, ʻike ʻia nā kiko keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ma luna o ka lāʻau, a laila hui pū ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana mucous a i ʻole nā ​​​​palapala palupalu huluhulu, a laila ʻike ʻia kahi plexus, e like me ka pūnaewele kālā. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa liʻiliʻi, pālahalaha nui aʻe ma luna o ka ʻili o ka lāʻau, mānoanoa, loaʻa kahi ʻano lau, kahi silky sheen a me kahi kala hina-hina.

Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka haʻiki, ua hana ʻia nā kaula lahilahi e hele ana i loko o nā spurs, me ke kōkua ʻana o ka fungus, me he mea lā, e kolo ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai ma nā māwae liʻiliʻi a me nā lua o nā paia. No laila, neʻe ʻo ia mai kekahi ʻāpana o ka hale a i kekahi. I kekahi manawa, hiki i ia hana luku ke alakaʻi i ka luku ʻana i ka hale holoʻokoʻa a hāʻule.

halo hale hiki i kekahi manawa ke hana pū me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o nā haʻiki, e like me Polyporus vaporarius, Polyporus destructor a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻopilikia ka hale i nā conifers, akā hiki ke hōʻino i nā lāʻau deciduous, e like me ka ʻoka.

Ka hopena ma ka lāʻau

I ka wā e hana ai i ka noiʻi, ua ʻike ʻo R. Hartig i ka huna ʻana i nā enzyme kūikawā e hiki ai ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā pūhui lāʻau organik ma kahi mamao loa mai ka haʻiki. ʻO ka hopena, huli ka lāʻau i kahi ʻano e hiki ai i ka haʻiki ke assimilate. Eia kekahi, hiki i kēia mau enzymes ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā mea lehu i loko o nā membrane cell ma ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana me hyphae. Ma muli o kēia mau kaʻina hana a pau, hiki ke luku ʻia ka lāʻau.

Me ka liʻiliʻi, lilo ka lāʻau i ʻeleʻele, lilo i lepo, a inā he palupalu i kona ʻano hou, a laila ma muli o ka hana a ka haʻiki, maloʻo ia, lilo a palupalu. Maʻalahi loa lāʻau haʻo hoʻopau i kahi papahele i uhi ʻia me ka pena aila, no ka mea ma kēia hihia ua paʻa loa ka lalo o ka papahele mai ka mālamalama a pale ʻia mai ka maloʻo ʻana.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻike ʻana o kēlā ʻano haʻuki ma luna o ka lāʻau hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia e nā wahi ʻeleʻele i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna, a inā ua uhi ʻia ka lāʻau me ka pena kala, a laila ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā wahi melemele melemele ma luna o ia mea, kahi kaʻawale mai kēlā me kēia.

Inā kīkē ʻia ka lāʻau i loaʻa i ka haʻo kumu lāʻau, loaʻa ka leo ʻoluʻolu, a i ke kaomi ʻana, haki koke ia. Hoʻopili ikaika ka lāʻau i ka wai, lilo i hygroscopic, no laila hiki i ka wai mai lalo ke hele i nā wahi mamao loa o ka hale. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka mycelium o ka haʻiki ponoʻī ka hiki ke hana maʻalahi i ka makū a hoʻololi iā ia i kahi lāʻau maloʻo, no laila i loko o nā keʻena maloʻo hiki ke lilo i pulu a hiki ʻole ke noho i loko o lākou.

Eia kekahi, aia kekahi manawa leʻaleʻa: ʻo nā kino hua o ka haʻiki, i ka wā o ka decomposition a me ka palaho, e hoʻopuka i kahi ʻano ʻano a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi, he mea ʻino hoʻi i ke olakino.

Wahi a ka noiʻi a Polek lāua ʻo Goeppert, hiki ke loaʻa i ka haʻo lāʻau ma waena o 48 a me 68% wai.

Inā puka mai ka mycelium ma o nā māwae a i ʻole nā ​​māwae i ka ea hou a me ka māmā, a laila hoʻomaka nā kino hua o ka haʻiki. ʻO lākou he lamellar, pālahalaha, ākea, hiki ke piʻi i ka nui a hiki i ka mika, loaʻa kahi ʻiʻo ʻiʻo ʻili. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, he keʻokeʻo nā kino hua, a laila lilo lākou i ʻulaʻula-melemele, a ma ka hopena he ʻulaʻula. Aia ma luna aʻe, he ʻili ʻili e like me nā ʻilo e kau ʻia ai nā spores, a ma lalo he hale fibrous-velvety me nā ʻaoʻao pehu keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao o nā kino hua e hūnā i nā kulu aniani o ka wai, a ma hope e lilo i ke ao, loaʻa i kahi kala milky (no laila, kapa ʻia kēia ʻaha ʻo uē). He elliptical ka ʻano o nā spores, liʻiliʻi ka nui (lōʻihi 0,011 a ākea 0,006 mm), ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ke kala. Hiki ke kanu ʻia ka spore ma ke alo o nā mea i loaʻa ka hopena alkaline. Hiki iā ia ke potassium carbonate, paʻakai a i ʻole ammonia ponoʻī. Hoʻoulu kēia mau mea i ka pehu ʻana o ka pūpū spore. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka germination e ka mimi, lehu, coke a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa a komo paha i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea me ka hopena alkaline.

No ka pale ʻana i ke ʻano o ka haʻiki hale, ʻōlelo ʻo R. Hartig i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau mea pale:

- ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hale ulu lāʻau, pono nā limahana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a holoi i kā lākou mau mea hana a pau ma mua o ka hoʻohana hou ʻana. Pono nō hoʻi e holoi pono i nā lole a me nā kāmaʻa.

- inā loaʻa i ka lāʻau kahiko ke ʻano o ka pōʻino ʻino, a laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma nā hale hou. Pono e puhi koke ʻia ka lāʻau i ʻānai ʻia i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai, a ʻaʻole pono e mālama ʻia ka lāʻau hou ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau i pohō.

- pono e pale ʻia nā hale hou mai ka hoʻohaumia ʻana e ka poʻe kūkulu hale, a pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā halepaku i ke ʻano i hiki ʻole mai ai ka haumia o nā hale hou.

- Pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke one i holoi ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia i ʻoki ʻia ma ke ʻano he uluna ma lalo o ka papahele. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano wai like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka lehu, coke, a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe i ka humus.

- ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana, pono e hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ka lāʻau e like me ka hiki.

- pono e maloʻo pono ka hale hou, a ma hope wale nō e pena ʻia nā papahele me ka pena aila.

- pono ʻoe e kūkulu i ke ʻano i kūpono ʻole nā ​​papahele i nā paia.

- he mea nui e hoʻonohonoho pono i ke kiʻi o ka ea ma nā keʻena haʻahaʻa ma lalo o ka papahele.

- pono ʻoe e nānā pono i ka maʻemaʻe, a e hōʻoia i ka hāʻule ʻole o ka lepo a me ka wai ma lalo o ka papahele. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā lumi ʻauʻau a me nā laundries.

Nā ʻano hana o ka paio

No ka luku ʻana i ka ʻūhā hale i ʻike mua ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano he nui, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kekahi o lākou he radical. Ua loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi loa e ka German arborist GL Hartig, nāna i hoʻokomo i nā ʻāpana lāʻau i ke kenekulia 19 me ka carbolineum a i ʻole creosote.

Hāʻawi ʻo Polofesa Sorokin i kāna mau ʻōlelo paipai no ka hamo ʻana i ka lāʻau me ka pā maʻamau, a ʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ka ʻaila ma waena o nā ala kūpono.

Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka haʻuki, a laila ʻo ka wehe pono ʻana i nā wahi ʻino o ka lāʻau a hoʻololi iā lākou me nā mea hou hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi hopena maikaʻi.