I ka hopena o Ianuali, ua nalowale ka honua i kahi mea kākau kaulana, ʻo Jerome David Salinger. Ua make ʻo ia ma kona home ma New Hampshire i ka makahiki 92. Ua ʻaiʻē ka mea kākau i kona ola lōʻihi i ka mālama ʻana i kona olakino ponoʻī - no ka mea kokoke i kona ola makua holoʻokoʻa he mea ʻai meaʻai ʻo ia, ʻo ia ka mea mua i hoʻomāinoino i kona makuakāne kahu, a laila e like me kāna. manaʻo ponoʻī.
Kuhikuhi kūhelu
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Jerome David Salinger ma New York i ka ʻohana ʻoihana. Ua puka 'o ia mai Valley Forge Military Academy ma Pennsylvania. Ua komo ʻo ia i ke Kulanui o New York i ka makahiki 1937 a ua lawelawe ʻo ia i ka pūʻali koa US i ke Kaua Honua II. I ka makahiki 1948, ua paʻi ʻo ia i kāna moʻolelo mua ma ka nūpepa ʻo New York Times – “He mea maikaʻi ke kiʻi i ka iʻa maiʻa.” ʻEkolu makahiki ma hope mai, ua paʻi ʻia ʻo The Catcher in the Rye, e hana ana iā Salinger i mea kākau moʻolelo koke.
Kākau ʻia ma ka slang, ʻo ka moʻolelo o Holden Caulfield, he 16 mau makahiki paʻa ʻole, ka mea i oʻo i ka wā o ka puke, ua hoʻopūhoihoi ka poʻe heluhelu. Pono ʻo Holden e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia maʻamau o ka wā ʻōpio i ka wā e hoʻopiʻi ana i ka make o kona kaikaina, i make i ka maʻi leukemia.
Pīhoihoi ka poʻe hoʻohewa: hou loa ka puke, ua hoʻopiha ʻia me ka ʻuhane kipi, ka huhū o ka ʻōpio, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ka ʻakaʻaka ʻawaʻawa. Aia a hiki i kēia manawa, ma kahi o 250 tausani kope o ka puke e waiho i nā papa i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO Holden Caulfield kekahi o nā mea kākau moʻolelo kaulana loa i ka palapala ʻAmelika o ke kenekulia XNUMX.
He pilina maikaʻi loa ʻo Salinger me kona makuakāne, he kanaka hale kūʻai kīʻaha Iudaio i makemake i kāna keiki e hoʻoili i kāna hale kūʻai. ʻAʻole i hahai wale ke keiki i kāna ʻōlelo aʻo, akā ʻaʻole i hele iki i ka hoʻolewa o kona makuakāne a ma hope ua lilo ia i mea ʻai meaʻai.
Ma ka makahiki 1963, ua paʻi ʻo Salinger i kekahi mau moʻolelo a me nā moʻolelo pōkole, a ma hope iho ua hoʻolaha ʻo ia i kona makemake ʻole e hoʻomau i kāna ʻoihana kākau a noho ma Cornish, ua haʻalele ʻo ia "mai nā hoʻowalewale honua." Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Salinger i ke ola o kahi mea hoʻomaha, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka mea makemake e ʻike e pili ana iā ia e heluhelu i kāna mau puke. I kēia mau lā, ua kūʻai ʻia aku kekahi mau leka a Salinger ma ke kūʻai ʻana a kūʻai ʻia e Peter Norton, ex-CEO o Symantec; Wahi a Norton, ua kūʻai ʻo ia i kēia mau leka i mea e hoʻihoʻi ai iā Salinger, nona ka makemake e noho kaʻawale a "mākaʻikaʻi i kekahi mai kona ola pilikino" pono i nā mea āpau.
Pono kekahi e noʻonoʻo i nā makahiki he kanalima i hala, ua heluhelu nui ʻo Salinger iā ia iho. ʻO kēia mau moʻolelo a pau, Salinger kēia, Salinger kēlā. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā obituaries ma nā nūpepa nui āpau ma kahi o ʻumi makahiki i hala. Nā moʻolelo biography Romanized, nā biography encyclopedic, me nā mea o ka hoʻokolokolo a me ka psychoanalysis. He mea nui?
Ua kākau ke kanaka i kahi puke moʻolelo, ʻekolu mau moʻolelo, ʻeiwa mau moʻolelo pōkole a koho ʻaʻole e haʻi i ka honua i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. He mea kūpono ke manaʻo i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāna ʻikepili, ka ʻano o ka vegetarianism a me nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke kaua ma Iraq, pono ʻoe e heluhelu i kāna mau kikokikona. Akā, ua ho'āʻo mau ʻia ʻo Salinger e nīnauele ʻia. Ua kākau kāna kaikamahine i kahi memo no kona makuakāne. Ma luna o ia mea, ua make ʻo Jerome Salinger, e waiho ana (ke ʻōlelo nei lākou) he mauna o nā palapala i loko o ka hale, ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea (ke kākau lākou) kūpono loa no ka paʻi ʻana.
Ke ola kūhelu ʻole
No laila pehea ka nui o kā mākou ʻike e pili ana iā Jerome Salinger? ʻAe paha, akā nā kikoʻī wale nō. Aia nā kikoʻī hoihoi i loko o ka puke a Margaret Salinger, nāna i hoʻoholo e "hāʻawi piha i ka makuakāne no kona wā kamaliʻi hauʻoli." Ua kaawale iki ka paia o ka rai, aka, ua hunaia ka mea nui, me na hoahanau o ka mea kakau.
I kona wā kamaliʻi, ua moeʻuhane ʻo ia i ke kuli a me ka leo, e noho ana i loko o kahi hale ma ka lihi o ka ululāʻau a kamaʻilio pū me kāna wahine kuli a leo ma o nā memo. ʻO ka ʻelemakule, e ʻōlelo paha kekahi, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i kāna moeʻuhane: he ʻelemakule, kuli, noho ʻo ia ma kahi ulu lāʻau, akā ʻaʻole makemake nui i nā memo, ʻoiai ʻo ia e kamaʻilio liʻiliʻi me kāna wahine. Ua lilo ka hale i hale paʻa nona, a he kanaka laʻa wale nō e hiki ke komo i loko o kona mau pā.
ʻO Holden Caulfield ka inoa o ke keikikāne, a ke noho nei ʻo ia i kahi moʻolelo i hoʻomana ʻia e nā miliona o nā ʻōpio "misunderstood" - "The Catcher in the Rye." ʻO ka ʻelemakule ka mea kākau o kēia puke, ʻo Jerome David, a i ʻole, ma ke ʻano ʻAmelika, i hoʻopau ʻia e nā hua mua, JD, Salinger. I nā makahiki 2000 mua, aia ʻo ia ma kāna mau makahiki 80 a noho ʻo ia ma Cornish, New Hampshire. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i paʻi i kekahi mea hou mai ka makahiki 1965, hāʻawi i nā nīnauele i kahi mea ʻole, a ke noho mau nei ʻo ia he mea kākau e hauʻoli nei i ka kaulana nui a me ka nānā ʻole ʻana, ʻaʻole wale ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
I kekahi manawa, akā hoʻomaka ka mea kākau e ola i ka hopena o kona ʻano, e hoʻolohe ana i kāna loiloi, e hana hou a hoʻomau i kona ala, e hele mai ana i kahi hopena kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole anei ʻo ia ke ana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hana palapala? Malia paha, nui ka poʻe e makemake e ʻike maopopo i ke ʻano o ke kipi ʻo Holden i kona mau makahiki emi. Akā,ʻo ka mea kākau, e noho ana ma ka hopena o kahi keikikāne,ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokuʻu i kekahi e pani, e peʻe ana i loko o ka hale a puni kahi ola olaʻole no kekahi mau kilomita.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, no ka hermits ko mākou manawa mamao loa mai ka maikaʻi loa. Komo nō hoʻi ka ʻimi kanaka ma o nā pani pani paʻa. ʻOi loa i ka wā e lilo ai nā ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha o ka recluse kahiko i hoa pili no ka mea noiʻi. ʻO kekahi uē-hōʻike e pili ana i ka hopena o JD Salinger, paʻakikī a hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ʻo ia nā memo o kāna kaikamahine ʻo Margaret (Peg) Salinger, i paʻi ʻia ma 2000 ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa "Chasing the Dream".
No ka poʻe hoihoi i ka hana a me ka moʻolelo a Salinger, ʻaʻohe mea haʻi moʻolelo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ua ulu ʻo Peg me kona makuakāne ma ka wao nahele ʻo Cornish, a e like me kāna ʻōlelo ʻana, ua like kona wā kamaliʻi me kahi moʻolelo moʻolelo weliweli. ʻO ka noho ʻana o Jerome Salinger ʻaʻole mamao loa ia mai kahi paʻahao manawaleʻa, akā naʻe, e like me kāna kaikamahine, aia kekahi mau noʻonoʻo weliweli i kona ola. Loaʻa mau ka lualua pōʻino i kēia kanaka.
No ke aha mai? ʻO ka pane, ma ka liʻiliʻi he hapa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāpana mua o nā memoir a Margaret Salinger, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka wā kamaliʻi o kona makuakāne. Ua ulu ka mea kākau kaulana honua ma ke kikowaena o New York, ma Manhattan. ʻO kona makua kāne, he Iudaio, ua holomua ma ke ʻano he mea kūʻai meaʻai. ʻO ka makuahine pale nui ʻo Irish, Katolika. Eia naʻe, i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā kūlana, ua hoʻohālike ʻo ia he Iudaio, e hūnā ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo mai kāna keiki. ʻO Salinger, ka mea i ʻike nui iā ia iho he "half-Jew", ua aʻo mai kāna ʻike ponoʻī i ke ʻano o ka anti-Semitism. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻike pinepine ʻia ai kēia kumuhana i kāna hana.
Ua hāʻule kona wā ʻōpio i ka wā haunaele. Ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ke kula koa, ua nalowale ʻo JD i ka nui o ʻAmelika "GI" (nā puka puka). Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka 12th Infantry Regiment o ka 4th Division, ua komo ʻo ia i ke Kaua Honua II, wehe i ka lua o ka mua, pae i kahakai o Normandy. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ia ma mua, a i ka makahiki 1945, ua mālama ʻia ka hale maʻi o ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā palapala ʻAmelika me kahi hopohopo hopohopo.
ʻOiai, ʻaʻole i lilo ʻo Jerome Salinger i "mea kākau mua", ʻoiai, e like me kāna kaikamahine, i kāna mau hana mua "ʻike ʻia kahi koa." ʻO kona manaʻo i ke kaua a me ka honua ma hope o ke kaua ʻo ia hoʻi ... ambivalent - auwe, paʻakikī ke ʻike i kahi wehewehe ʻē aʻe. Ma ke ʻano he luna counterintelligence ʻAmelika, ua komo ʻo JD i ka papahana denazification Kelemania. He kanaka inaina loa ia i ka Nazism, ua hopu mua ʻo ia i kahi kaikamahine - he limahana ʻōpio o ka pāʻina Nazi. A male iā ia. Wahi a Margaret Salinger, ʻo Sylvia ka inoa Kelemania o ka wahine mua a kona makuakāne. Ua hoʻi pū ʻo ia i ʻAmelika, a no kekahi manawa ua noho ʻo ia ma ka hale o kona mau mākua.
Akā, ua pōkole ka male ʻana. Ua wehewehe ka mea kākau o nā memoir i ke kumu o ka hakahaka me ka maʻalahi loa: "Ua inaina ʻo ia i ka poʻe Iudaio me ka makemake like me kona inaina ʻana i ka Nazis." Ma hope mai, no Sylvia, ua puka mai ʻo Salinger me ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo "Saliva" (ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, "spit").
ʻO Claire Douglas kāna wahine ʻelua. Ua hui lākou i ka makahiki 1950. He 31 ona makahiki, he 16. Ua hoʻouna ʻia kekahi kaikamahine mai kahi ʻohana Pelekania hanohano ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻAkelanika mai nā weliweli o ke kaua. Ua male ʻo Jerome Salinger lāua ʻo Claire Douglas, ʻoiai he mau mahina i koe e puka ai mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kaikamahine, i hānau ʻia ma 1955, makemake ʻo Salinger e kapa iā Phoebe - ma hope o ka inoa o ke kaikuahine ʻo Holden Caulfield mai kāna moʻolelo. Eia naʻe ua hōʻike ka wahine i ka kūpaʻa. "ʻO Peggy kona inoa," wahi āna. Ma hope mai ua hānau lāua he keiki kāne, ʻo Matthew. Ua lilo ʻo Salinger i makua kāne maikaʻi. Ua ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia e pāʻani me nā keiki, hoʻokalakupua iā lākou me kāna mau moʻolelo, kahi i "hoʻopau ʻia ka laina ma waena o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo."
I ka manawa like, ua ho'āʻo mau ka mea kākau e hoʻomaikaʻi iā ia iho: i loko o kona ola ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka Hindu. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e alakaʻi i ke ola olakino. I nā manawa like ʻole, he mea ʻai maka ʻo ia, he macrobiota, akā ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia i ka vegetarianism. ʻAʻole maopopo ka ʻohana o ka mea kākau i kēia, hopohopo mau i kona olakino. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻonoho ka manawa i nā mea a pau ma kona wahi: Ua lōʻihi ke ola o Salinger.
'Ōlelo lākou e pili ana i kēlā mau kānaka,ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele no ka maikaʻi. Ke kūʻai mau nei ka Catcher in the Rye i 250 kope.