Contents
ʻO Terroir
I ka hana ʻana i ka wāina, hoʻomaka ka maikaʻi me ka terroir (mai ka huaʻōlelo terre, a ma ka ʻōlelo Palani ʻo "honua"). Na kēia huaʻōlelo winemakers a puni ka honua i kapa aku i ka huina o ka hana kālaimeaola o ka lepo, microclimate a me ka mālamalama, a me nā mea kanu a puni. Kūpono nā kumumanaʻo i helu ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia e ke Akua no ka terroir. Eia nō naʻe, ʻelua mau palena i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka makemake o ke kanaka: ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano hua waina a me nā ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana wāina.
Maikaʻi ka maikaʻi ʻole
Hoʻolālā ʻia ke kumu waina i ke ʻano o ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi loa ma ke ʻano o ka maikaʻi wale nō e hua mai i nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ke kumu waina e ʻeha - mai ka hemahema o ka wai, ka nele o nā meaʻai a me ka nui o nā mahana wela. ʻO nā hua waina maikaʻi i manaʻo ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ka waina e pono ke loaʻa kahi wai i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, no laila ua pāpā ʻia ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ke kumu waina (ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ʻEulopa). Aia nō, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa. No laila, ʻae ʻia ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ma nā ʻāina maloʻo o ka Spanish La Mancha, ma kekahi mau wahi ma nā pali pali ma Kelemania, kahi e liʻiliʻi ʻole ai ka wai - inā ʻaʻole, maloʻo wale ke kumu waina ʻilihune.
Ua koho ka poe ilihune i na aina no na pawaina, i hohonu ka aa o ke kumuwaina; i kekahi mau kumu waina, hele ka ʻōnaehana kumu i kahi hohonu o nā ʻumi (a hiki i kanalima!) mika. Pono kēia i mea e waiwai ai ka ʻala o ka waina e hiki mai ana - ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo kēlā me kēia pōhaku geological kahi e hoʻopili ai nā aʻa o ke kumu waina e hāʻawi i ka waina e hiki mai ana i kahi ʻala kūikawā. No ka laʻana, hoʻonui ka granite i ka pua ʻala o ka waina me kahi leo violet, ʻoiai hāʻawi ka limestone iā ia i ka iodine a me nā memo mineral.
Ma hea e kanu ai
Ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano hua waina no ke kanu ʻana, noʻonoʻo ka mea hana waina, ʻo ka mea mua, ʻelua mau mea terroir - microclimate a me ka hoʻohui lepo. No laila, ma nā pā waina ʻākau, ulu nui nā ʻano hua waina keʻokeʻo, no ka mea ua ʻoi ka wikiwiki, ʻoiai ma nā pā waina hema, kanu ʻia nā ʻano ʻulaʻula, a pala. Nā ʻāpana Champagne a Bordeaux… Ma Champagne, anuanu ke aniau, makaʻu no ka hana waina ʻana, a no laila ʻekolu wale nō ʻano o nā hua waina i ʻae ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ka champagne. ia Chardonnay, Pinot black a Nā Pinot Meunier, ʻo lākou a pau i ka oʻo mua ʻana, a ʻo nā waina ʻālohilohi keʻokeʻo a me ka rosé wale nō i hana ʻia mai ia mau mea. No ka pono, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia aia kekahi mau waina ʻulaʻula ma Champagne - no ka laʻana, ʻO Silleri, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia lākou. No ka mea ʻono ʻole lākou. ʻAe ʻia nā hua waina ʻulaʻula a keʻokeʻo hoʻi i ka moku ʻo Bordeaux. ʻUlaʻula ʻo Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Kahuna Kumuhana a ʻO Pti Verdo, a keʻokeʻo - Sauvignon Blanc, Semilona a Muscadelle… Kuhi ʻia kēia koho, ʻo ka mea mua, e ke ʻano o nā iliili kūloko a me ka lepo. Pēlā nō, hiki i kekahi ke wehewehe i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ʻano hua waina i kēlā me kēia wahi ulu waina, kahi i ʻike nui ʻia he maikaʻi.
Crew
No laila, ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka terroir ka maikaʻi o ka waina. ʻO kahi hopena maʻalahi, akā ua hana ka Palani ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe a ʻo lākou ka mua e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho i kapa ʻia ʻo cru (cru), ʻo ia hoʻi "lepo". I ka makahiki 1855, ke hoʻomākaukau nei ʻo Palani no ka hōʻike honua ma Palisa, a ma kēia mea, ua kauoha ka Emepera Napoleon III i nā mea hana waina e hana i kahi “hierarchy waina”. Ua huli lākou i nā waihona o nā dute (pono wau e ʻōlelo i ka mālama ʻia o nā palapala archival ma Palani no kahi manawa lōʻihi loa, ma kekahi mau hihia i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi tausani mau makahiki), ua huli nā fluctuations o nā kumukūʻai no ka waina i lawe ʻia aku a ma kēia kumu ua kūkulu ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho. . I ka mua, ua hoʻonui wale kēia ʻōnaehana i nā waina ponoʻī, ʻoiai, ua hana ʻia ma Bordeaux, akā laila ua hoʻonui ʻia i nā terroirs kūpono - ma Bordeaux ka mua, a laila ma kekahi mau wahi ulu waina o Palani, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Burgundy, Champagne a AnaMa ke ʻano he hopena, loaʻa nā kūlana i nā pūnaewele ʻoi loa i nā wahi i kapa ʻia nā inoa ʻO Premiers Cru a ʻO Grands Crʻo ʻoe Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo ka ʻōnaehana cru wale nō. I nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua kenekulia ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho hou a ua aʻa koke - ka ʻōnaehana AOC, ʻo ia hoʻi Ka inoa i kāohi ʻia o ke kumu, unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano "denomination kontrol e ke kumu". E pili ana i kēia ʻōnaehana AOC a no ke aha e pono ai - i ka ʻāpana aʻe.