ʻO ka larynx (mai ka Greek larugks), he okana o ka ʻōpū hanu, aia ma ka ʻāʻī ma waena o ka pharynx a me ka trachea.

Ma waena o ka pharynx a me ka trachea. Aia ka larynx ma hope o ka pharynx, ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā alaloa (i ka trachea) a me ka ʻāpana digestive (i ka esophagus). Hoʻopili ʻia ka larynx ma kona ʻaoʻao luna i ka iwi hyoid.

Hoʻolālā cartilagineuse. ʻO ka larynx kahi auwai i hana ʻia me nā cartilages like ʻole (1) me ʻelima mau mea nui:

• ʻO ka cartilage thyroid, ka mea i hana i ka ʻāʻī i kapa ʻia ʻo Adam's apple.
• ʻO ka cartilage epiglottic, a i ʻole epiglottis, e pili ana i ka ʻai ʻana a me ka hanu ʻana ma ka wehe ʻana a pani ʻana paha i ka larynx.
• ʻO nā cartilages arytenoid, ʻelua mau cartilage kelepona liʻiliʻi e hōʻoia ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā kaula leo.
• ʻO ka cartilage cricoid, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ke kumu o ka larynx.

Hoʻopiliʻia nā cartilages e kahi hui o nā ligaments a hoʻopuniʻia e nā membrane e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka paʻa o ka larynx.

Nā ʻiʻo laryngeal. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka larynx e kekahi mau ʻiʻo e pili pono ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka epiglottis a me nā kaula leo.

Māhele i ka ale ʻana. I mea e pale ai i ka hele ʻana o ka meaʻai a wai paha ma o ka trachea a me nā akemāmā, pani ka epiglottis i ka larynx a hui pū nā kaula leo (2).

Hana hanu. Hāʻawi nā epiglottis a me nā kaula leo i ka ea i loaʻa i ka trachea a me nā māmā, a hoʻokuʻu i ka ea i ka pharynx (2).

ʻOihana o ka haʻiʻōlelo. Hoʻopuka ʻia ka leo o ka haʻi ʻōlelo i ka wā e haʻalulu ai ka ea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā kaula leo (2).

Eha ka 'ā'ī. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, pili lākou i nā viral. I ke kumu o ka laryngitis a i ʻole epiglottitis, pili paha lākou i kahi maʻi bacteria.

Laryngitis. Kūlike ia me ka mumū o ka larynx, keu hoʻi i nā kaula leo. Huʻi a mau paha, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he batukū a me ka dysphonia (nā maʻi o ke ala). ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi i nā keiki a hele pū ʻia me dispnea (paʻakikī hanu) (3).

ʻEpiglottite. ʻO ka manawa pinepine o ka kumu bacteria, heʻano koʻikoʻi ia o ka laryngitis e hiki ai i ka edema o ka epiglottis a me ka asphyxia (3,4).

Maʻi ʻaʻai Laryngeal. Pili pinepine ia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī a hiki ke loaʻa ma kēlā me kēia pae o ka larynx (5).

Antibiotic a i ʻole anti-inflammatory lapaʻau. Kau ʻia kahi antibiotic no kahi maʻi bacteria. Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory e kaupalena i ka lī.

Tracheotomy. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa, pili kēia hana i ka wehe i ka pae o ka larynx e ʻae ai i ka hele ʻana o ka ea a pale i ka asphyxiation.

Laryngectomie. I na hihia ko'iko'i o ka ma'i 'a'ai, hiki ke wehe 'ia ka larynx6.

ʻO ke kelepona. Hoʻopau ʻia nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ma muli o ka ʻike ʻana i nā x-ray (6).

Chemotherapy. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā lāʻau e hōʻemi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Laryngoscopy kuhikuhi ʻole. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka larynx me ke aniani liʻiliʻi i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka ʻāʻī (7).

Laryngoscopy pololei. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka larynx me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paipu ʻoʻoleʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi i hoʻolauna ʻia ma o ka ihu. Hiki i kēia intervensi ke ʻae i kahi laʻana e lawe ʻia (biopsy) inā koi ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo (7).

ʻO ka laryngopharyngographie. Hiki ke hana i kēia ninaninau x-ray o ka larynx e hoʻopau i ke kuhi (7).

ʻO ke kūlana haʻahaʻa o ka larynx i nā kānaka o kēia au i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mammal ʻē aʻe kahi kumuhana o ke kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ke kumu o ka ʻōlelo. Eia nō naʻe, ke hōʻike nei kahi noiʻi hou i ka hiki ke ʻōlelo ma mua o ka makahiki (8).