ʻO ka loach maʻamau, ʻoiai kona ʻano hiʻohiʻona, aia i ke kauoha o nā cyprinids a me kahi ʻohana nui o nā loaches, he 117 mau ʻano. Noho ka hapa nui o nā ʻano i loko o Eurasia a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau. Noho ka loach maʻamau ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Eurasia ma ke kīʻaha o ke Kai ʻĀkau a me Baltic. He kino lōʻihi ko ka iʻa i uhi ʻia me nā unahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa ma luna o 20 knm wale nō, akā i kekahi manawa ua ulu nā loaches i 35 knm. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu ma ke kua he ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo-melemele ka ʻōpū. Mai nā ʻaoʻao ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa he ʻāpana ākea mau, e hoʻopaʻa ana iā ia me ʻelua mau ʻāpana lahilahi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka mea haʻahaʻa e pau i ka anal fin. He poepoe ka pe'e, he mau kiko 'ele'ele ka pe'a a pau. He hapa haahaa ka waha, poepoe, he 10 mau antennae ma ke poo: 4 ma ka iwia luna, 4 ma lalo, 2 ma na kihi o ka waha.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka inoa "loach" i nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe. Ma Siberia, no ka laʻana, kapa ʻia nā loaches he loaches, a me ka mustachioed a i ʻole ka char maʻamau (ʻaʻole e huikau me nā iʻa o ka ʻohana salmon), no ka ʻohana loach nō hoʻi, akā ʻokoʻa loa lākou. ʻO ka Siberian char, ma ke ʻano he subspecies o ka char maʻamau, noho i kahi wahi mai nā Urals a hiki i Sakhalin, ʻo kona nui i kaupalena ʻia i 16-18 cm.
Noho pinepine ʻo Loaches i nā wai kahe haʻahaʻa me kahi lepo lepo a me nā puʻu. I nā manawa he nui, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kūlana noho ʻoluʻolu e like me ka wai maʻemaʻe, kahe, ka wai hoʻonui i ka oxygen ma mua o ka crucian carp. Hiki i nā loaches ke hanu ʻaʻole wale me ke kōkua o nā gills, akā ma o ka ʻili hoʻi, a ma o ka ʻōnaehana digestive, e ʻai ana i ka ea me ko lākou waha. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o nā loaches ʻo ka hiki ke pane i nā loli i ke kaomi lewa. I ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, hoʻomaha ʻole ka iʻa, puka pinepine mai, e ʻū ana i ka ea. I ka maloʻo ʻana o ka waihona, ʻo nā loaches i loko o ka lepo a hoʻomaha.
Ua ʻike kekahi poʻe noiʻi hiki i nā loaches, e like me nā ʻili, ke neʻe ma ka ʻāina i nā lā ua a i ka wā hau o ke kakahiaka. ʻO kēlā me kēia hihia, hiki i kēia mau iʻa ke nele i ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO nā holoholona benthic ka meaʻai nui, akā ʻai pū kekahi i nā mea kanu a me nā detritus. ʻAʻohe ona waiwai kālepa a waiwai; Hoʻohana ka poʻe lawaiʻa i maunu i ka hopu ʻana i nā mea ʻaihue, ʻoi aku ka iʻa. ʻOno loa ka ʻiʻo loach a ʻai ʻia. I kekahi mau hihia, he holoholona ʻino ia, hoʻopau ikaika nā loaches i nā hua o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻoi loa ka ʻai.
Nā ʻano lawaiʻa
Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā pahele wicker like ʻole no ka hopu ʻana i nā loaches. I ka lawaiʻa amateur, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i ka lana maʻalahi a me lalo, me ka "hapalua lalo". ʻO ka lawaiʻa hoihoi loa no nā mea lana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o nā koʻokoʻo a me nā ʻano mea hana e pili ana i nā kūlana kūloko: hana ʻia ka lawaiʻa ma nā loko wai liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā kahawai liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole he iʻa hilahila ʻo Loaches, a no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā rigs. ʻO ka loach pinepine, me ka ruff a me ka gudgeon, ʻo ia ka makana mua o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. I ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma nā wai kahe, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā koʻokoʻo me nā mea "holo". Ua ʻike ʻia ka pane maikaʻi ʻana o nā loaches i nā maunu e kauo ana ma lalo, ʻoiai ma nā loko paʻa. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, huki mālie ka poʻe lawaiʻa akamai i ka rig me kahi ilo ma ka makau ma ka "pā" o nā mea kanu wai, e paipai ana i nā loaches e nahu.
Maunu
Ua pane maikaʻi ʻo Loaches i nā maunu like ʻole o ke kumu holoholona. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa, he ʻano ʻano honua like ʻole, a me nā ʻiʻo, nā ʻōpala ʻili ʻili, nā koko koko, nā caddisflies a me nā mea hou aku. Manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi ʻo ka hoʻohua ʻana o ka loach ma nā kino wai kokoke i kahi noho e hoʻemi ana i ka nui o nā ʻiniko koko koko ma ia wahi.
Nā wahi lawaiʻa a me nā wahi noho
Loaʻa nā loaches ma ʻEulopa: mai Farani a i nā Urals. ʻAʻohe loaches ma ka Arctic Ocean basin, Great Britain, Scandinavia, a me ka Iberian Peninsula, Italia, Helene. Ma Europa Rūsia, e noʻonoʻo ana i ke kahawai i kapa ʻia o ka Moana Arctic, ʻaʻohe loach ma ka Caucasus a me Crimea. ʻAʻohe mea ma waho o nā Urals.
ʻOhana
Hana ʻia ka spawning i ka puna a me ke kauwela, ma muli o ka ʻāina. I loko o nā pūnāwai kahe, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana, no ka spawner hiki iā ia ke hele mamao loa mai kona wahi noho. Hāpai ka wahine ma waena o nā limu. ʻO nā loaches ʻōpio, aia i ka pae o ka ulu ʻana o ka larval, loaʻa nā gills o waho, i hoʻemi ʻia ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina o ke ola.