😉 Aloha kākou! Mahalo iā ʻoe no ke koho ʻana i ka ʻatikala "Marina Tsvetaeva: He Biography pōkole" ma kēia pūnaewele! Eia nā ʻanuʻu nui o ke ola o ka haku mele Lūkini o ka makahiki kālā.
ʻO ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Marina ma ʻOkakopa 8, 1892 ma Moscow ma ka ʻohana o prof. ʻO Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev a me kāna wahine ʻelua, ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo Maria Alexandrovna Mayne. ʻEhā mau keiki a ka ʻohana, ʻelua mai kā lāua male mua ʻana, ʻoiai ua make ka wahine mua a ke kaukaʻi i ka hānau ʻana.
Ua haku ke kaikamahine i kāna mau mele mua i ka makahiki 6. I kēia makahiki ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo Farani a me Kelemania. Ua makemake kona makuahine i kāna kaikamahine e lilo i mea hoʻokani pila, a mai ka makahiki ʻehiku, ua aʻo ʻo Marina i ka hale haʻuki kaikamahine a ma ke kula mele.
Ua makemake ke kaikamahine e hoʻolohe i nā moʻolelo a kona makuakāne e pili ana i nā moʻolelo o Ancient Greece, a ua ʻike ʻia kēia ma kāna mau hana aloha.
I ka makahiki 10 o Marina, ua ʻike ʻia kona makuahine i ka pae hope o ka maʻi maʻi a haʻalele ka ʻohana i Italia, ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Nervi kokoke i Genoa. I ka makahiki 1903 - 1905 ua aʻo ke kaikamahine i nā kula hānai ma Farani, Switzerland a me Kelemānia.
Ua hoʻi ka ʻohana i Rusia i ka makahiki 1905. Noho ʻo Maria a me kāna mau kaikamahine i Yalta, a hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai ua neʻe lākou i Tarusa. Ma hope koke iho, ua makeʻo Maria, ua lawe ka makuakāne i nā kaikamāhine i Moscow.
I ka makahiki 17, ua noho ʻo Marina i kekahi mau mahina ma Paris, kahi i hoʻouna ʻia ai ʻo ia mai ke kulanui e hoʻonui i kona ʻike i ka palapala Farani o nā kenekulia i hala.
I ka makahiki 1910, ua paʻi ʻia kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā mele a Tsvetaeva, kahi i huki ai i ka manaʻo o V. Bryusov, M. Voloshin a me N. Gumilyov. Ua hui kahi haku mele ʻōpio me Maximilian Voloshin.
ʻO kaʻohana o Marina Tsvetaeva
ʻO ke kauwela 1911 noho ʻo Tsvetaeva ma Crimea, kahi i hui ai ʻo Sergei Efron. ʻEono mahina ma hope mai, ua male lāua, ua hānau ʻia kā lāua kaikamahine ʻo Ariadne (Alya). I ka makahiki 1917, ua hānau ʻia ke kaikamahine ʻelua, ʻo Irina, akā ma hope o ke ola ʻana no ʻekolu makahiki, ua make ka pēpē.
ʻO Sergey Efron lāua ʻo Marina Tsvetaeva
E like me ka nui o ka poʻe noʻonoʻo, he kanaka addicted ʻo Tsvetaeva a hāʻule pinepine i ke aloha. No ka laʻana, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi pilina aloha lōʻihi me B. Pasternak. I ka hāʻule ʻana o ka makahiki 1914, hui ʻo Marina me ka haku mele ʻo Sophia Parnok a ua hoʻomohala lākou i kahi pilina pili i mau makahiki ʻelua.
He pilikia no ka ʻohana nā makahiki o ka hakakā kīwila. Ua lawelawe ʻo Efron ma ka Volunteer Army, a ua hana ʻo Marina ma nā commissariats like ʻole ma Moscow.
I ka makahiki 1921, ua pio ʻo Efron i Prague a ua aʻo ʻia ma ke kulanui. I. Ehrenburg, i kona hele ana ma Prague, ua hai aku ia ia i ka olelo mai kana wahine mai. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pane, hoʻomaka ʻo Marina e hoʻomākaukau no ka neʻe ʻana.
I ka pūnāwai o 1922, hele ʻo ia me kāna kaikamahine i Prague. Maʻaneʻi ua loaʻa iā Tsvetaeva kahi pilina aloha me ka loio Konstantin Rodzevich, kahi i mau ai no kekahi mau mahina. A laila kōkua ʻo Marina i kāna kāne hoʻopalau i ke koho ʻana i kahi lole no ka hoʻolauleʻa mare, e hoʻopau ana i nā pilina āpau.
I ka makahiki 1925, ua hānau ʻia kāna keiki ʻo George a haʻalele ka ʻohana i Paris. Akā ma ʻaneʻi ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo Efron no ke kiʻi ʻana i ka NKVD. Mai ka makahiki 1930, ua noho ka ʻohana ma ke ʻano o ka ʻilihune.
I kekahi manawa hāʻawi ʻo Salome Andronikova i kahi kōkua liʻiliʻi. Ua maʻi nui ʻo Sergei Yakovlevich. ʻO ke kumu waiwai wale nō nā ʻatikala a Tsvetaeva i kākau ai. Lawe ke kaikamahine i nā kauoha no ke kāhiko ʻana i nā pāpale.
Hoʻi pōʻino
Ua koi mau ke kāne a me kāna kaikamahine iā Marina e ha'alele i ka USSR. I ka makahiki 1937, ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Ariadne e hoʻi mai. A i ka hāʻule ʻana, ua holo hewa ʻo Sergei Efron, no ka mea, ua hōʻoia ʻia kona komo ʻana i ka pepehi kanaka ʻaelike o ke keiki a Trotsky.
I ka makahiki 1939, hele mai ʻo Marina Ivanovna i ka USSR. Akā, ʻo ka hoʻi ʻana o ka ʻohana i ko lākou ʻāina hānau, ua nui ke kaumaha a me ka pōʻino. I ʻAukake, ua hopu ʻia ʻo Alya, i ʻOkakopa - Sergei. Ua pana ʻia ʻo ia i ʻelua makahiki ma hope. Ua noho pio ʻo Alya i 15 mau makahiki, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ʻo ia ma 1955.
I ʻAukake 1941, ua haʻalele ʻo ia a me kāna keiki no ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tatar o Elabuga. Ma ʻAukake 31, 1941, me ka waiho ʻana i kekahi mau memo, ua kaawe ka haku mele iā ia iho i loko o ka hale kahi e kaʻana like ai lāua me kāna keiki. Ua make ʻo George i ke kaua, i ke kauwela o 1944 a ua kanu ʻia ʻo ia ma kahi lua kupapaʻu ma Braslav, Belarus.
Video
Aia kēia wikiō i nā ʻike hou aʻe a me nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ke kumuhana "Marina Tsvetaeva: A Short Biography".
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