ʻO Melanoma kahi maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻili e pili nui ʻia i ka hōʻike nui ʻana i nā kukuna ultraviolet. 'Lelo mākou i kekahi manawa no "melanoma malignant" i ka ʻōlelo o kēlā me kēia lā.

Ka wehewehe o ka melanoma

ʻO Melanoma ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻili, kahi tumo malignant e ulu mai nā ʻili o ka ʻili. I kēia hihia, ʻo nā keena e hana melanin (kahi pigment e hāʻawi i ke kala i ka ʻili, ka lauoho a me ka lauoho): nā melanocytes.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi melanoma ka mea mua ma mua o ka epidermis. 'Speaklelo mākou no ka melanoma ma kahi. Ke hoʻomau nei ia e hoʻolaha, e ulu ka melanoma i kahi hohonu. ʻ saidlelo ʻia ia maʻi he maʻi kolohe ka maʻi ʻaʻai. I kēia wā, hiki i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai ke uhaʻi mai ka tumo kumu, hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino a hana i nā metastases (nā maʻi maʻi ʻelua).

Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Melanomas i nā wahi i hōʻike ʻia o ka ʻili no ka mea ʻo nā kukuna UV kahi mea nui weliweli. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi ʻano ke hōʻike i nā wahi i hōʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻEhā ʻano nui o melanoma:

• luna melanoma ākea (ma waena o 60 a me 70% o nā hihia) i pili me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lā nui i ka wā ma mua;
• Melanoma a Dubreuilh a i ʻole lentigo-malignant melanoma (ma waena o 5 a me 10% o nā hihia) pili i ka hōʻike pinepine ʻana i nā kukuna ultraviolet (UV);
• melanoma lumpy (ma lalo o 5% o nā hihia) e hele wikiwiki a hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili, a me nā wahi i hōʻike ʻole ʻia.
• melanoma acrolentiginous a i ʻole melanoma o nā wēlau ʻaʻole pili ia me ka hōʻike nui i nā kukuna UV a ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka poʻe me ka ʻili ʻeleʻele.

Nā kumu a me nā pilikia o ka melanoma

Hoʻohui nui ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o melanoma me ke kū ʻana o nā mea pilikia. Aia i waena o lākou nā:

• ka hōʻike ʻana i nā kukuna UV, nā lā a me nā mea hana;
• i ka mōʻaukala o ka wela ʻana o ka lā, ka mea nui i ka wā kamaliʻi;
• nani ili;
• ʻike maka i ka lā;
• ka loaʻa nui o nā mole, i manaʻo ʻia ma mua o 50 mau mole;
• ke kūʻana o nā moles nānā nui ʻole a nui paha;
• kahi moʻolelo o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili a pilikino paha a ʻohana paha;
• immunosuppression, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻōnaehana pale.

ʻIke o melanoma

Hiki ke kānalua ʻia ʻo Melanoma inā hoʻololi koke kahi mole a i ʻole inā ʻike ʻia kahi leona kānalua (ʻo kahi maʻa mau kahi wahi kaulike ʻole). Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi lula e ʻike ai i kahi ʻili ʻili kūpono ʻole. Hoʻomaopopo kēia kānāwai i nā pae hoʻohālikelike 5 "ABCDE":

• A no ka asymmetry e wehewehe ai i kahi kiko o ke ʻano kaulike ʻole a puni ʻole a me ka oval hoʻi a me nā waihoʻoluʻu a me nā kōkua i kūlike ʻole ma kona kikowaena;
• B no nā kihi kaulike e wehewehe ai i kahi stain me nā kihi maikaʻi ʻole i wehewehe ʻia a kūlike ʻole hoʻi;
• C no ke kala non-homogeneous e wehewehe ana i ke ʻano o nā kala ʻokoʻa (ʻeleʻele, polū, ʻulaʻula a keʻokeʻo) i kahi ʻano kolohe i loko o ka wahi;
• D no ke anawaena ke loaʻa ke anawaena i ke kiko ma mua o 6 mm;
• E no ka Evolution me kahi stain e hoʻololi koke i ka nui, ke ʻano, ke kala a me ka mānoanoa.

ʻO ka nānā ʻana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o kēia mau hōʻailona ʻaʻole mau ka manaʻo aia he melanoma. Eia naʻe, koi ʻia i kahi manawa lapaʻau e hana koke ʻia i mea e hiki ai ke hoʻokō pono i kahi hoʻokolokolo.

Lawe ʻia ka loiloi piha e ka dermatologist. Inā manaʻo ʻia ʻo melanoma, ua kōkua ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻike e ka resection diagnostic. Loaʻa ka hope i kahi kiko kiko no ka loiloi. ʻO nā hopena o ke kālailai e hōʻoia i ka melanoma a wehewehe i kāna pae o ka hoʻomohala.

Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka papa o ka melanoma, hiki ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi olakino e loiloi i ka nui a hoʻololi i ka hoʻokele.

ʻO ka poʻe i pā i ka melanoma

ʻO Melanoma kahi 10% o nā maʻi ʻili ʻili. Hōʻike nā huahelu ʻo ia ka maʻi ʻaʻai me ka piʻi nui loa o ka helu o nā hihia hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka 2012, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kona hanana ma 11 mau hihia. Kuhi ʻia ia ma ka awelika o 176 mau makahiki a ʻike ʻia he mea maʻamau i nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.

Hāʻawi ʻo Melanoma i ka ʻili ma ke ʻano he wahi pigmented. Ma 80% o nā hihia, hoʻomohala nā melanomas mai ka "ʻili olakino" ʻaʻohe ona liona a mau kiko. Ke alakaʻi nei kā lākou hoʻomohala i ke ʻano o kahi wahi pigment i ke ʻano o kahi mole. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, hoʻomohala nā melanomas mai kahi mole (nevus) e kū nei.

Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka hihia, hoʻokau ʻia paha ka hoʻokele ma luna o hoʻokahi a ʻoi mau ʻano lāʻau ʻokoʻa. ʻO ke ʻoki kino, ka lāʻau ʻana i ka lāʻau, a me ka radiation therapy e manaʻo ʻia e luku i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka melanoma he ʻoki lāʻau. Hana ʻia nō hoʻi ka resection i hana ʻia no ka hōʻailona ua lawa e wehe i ka tumo i loko o kāna holoʻokoʻa.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka mea nui pilikia no melanoma ka hōʻike ākea ʻana i nā kukuna UV. Kūpono ka pale ʻana i nā:

• palena palena i ka lā, keu hoʻi i nā hola wela loa;
• pale iā ʻoe iho ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi kalima pale a me nā lole pale;
• e hōʻalo i ka hana ʻili hulu i loko o ka hale.

He mea nui ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka melanoma e kaupalena ai i kona ulu a pale ʻana i nā pilikia. Paipai ʻia ʻoe e hana i kahi nānā pilikino pilikino o kou ʻili e hoʻohana ana i nā pae hoʻohālikelike o ke kānāwai "ABCDE" i hōʻike ʻia ma luna. Hiki i kahi mea aloha ke kōkua me ka hoʻokolokolo no nā wahi hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia. Inā kānalua a no kahi hoʻokolokolo hou aku, pono ka kūkā ʻana me kahi ʻoihana olakino.