ʻO ka mea mua, he mau ʻike e pili ana i ka lilo ʻana o ka meaʻai e like me ka Food and Agriculture Organization o United Nations (FAO):
· Ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapakolu o nā meaʻai i hana ʻia ma ka honua i pau. ʻO kēia ma kahi o 1,3 biliona toni o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
· He $680 biliona ka waiwai o ka meaʻai i hoʻopau ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma nā ʻāina ʻenehana; ma nā ʻāina e ulu nei - e 310 biliona kālā i ka makahiki.
· Nā ʻāina ʻenehana a me nā ʻāina e hoʻomohala nei i ka ʻōpala e like me ka nui o ka meaʻai - ʻo 670 a me 630 miliona mau tona i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
· Hoʻolei loa ʻia nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, a me nā aʻa a me nā ʻuala.
Ma kēlā me kēia poʻe, ʻo 95-115 kg ka nui o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, aʻo nā mea kūʻai aku ma Sub-Saharan Africa a me South a me Asia Hikina Hema e hoʻopau wale i 6-11 kg i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
· Ma ka pae kūʻai kūʻai, nui nā meaʻai i pau wale no ka maikaʻi ʻole o waho. Hoʻohana nui kēia i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole kūʻai maʻalahi nā hua me nā hemahema o waho e like me nā hua o ke ʻano "pololei" a me ke kala.
· ʻO ka ʻōpala meaʻai kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka pau ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai, e like me ka wai, ka ʻāina, ka ikehu, ka hana a me ke kapikala. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka meaʻai e alakaʻi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kinoea hoʻomehana honua me ka pono ʻole. Hāʻawi kēia i ka hoʻomehana honua.
· Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka mahiʻai ka helu ma waena o ka hapalima a me ka hapahā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea hoʻomehana honua. Manaʻo ka FAO he 4,4 gigatonnes o carbon dioxide i hoʻopau ʻia mai ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻOi aku ia ma mua o nā hoʻokuʻu CO2 makahiki āpau o India a kokoke like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka honua mai ka halihali alanui.
· ʻOiai inā he 25% wale nō o nā meaʻai pau ʻole e hiki ke mālama ʻia, lawa ia e hānai ai i 870 miliona mau kānaka. I kēia manawa, 800 miliona mau kānaka e pilikia ana i ka pōloli.
· I kēlā me kēia makahiki, pono mākou ma kahi o 14 miliona mau kilomika square o ka ʻāina mahiʻai no ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai i hoʻolei ʻia. He liʻiliʻi iki kēia ma mua o ka nui o ka ʻāpana o Rusia.
· Ma nā ʻāina ulu, 40% o nā poho i ka wā o ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā huahana. Ma nā ʻāina ʻenehana, ʻoi aku ka nui o 40% o nā poho i ka pae o nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea kūʻai aku. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma nā ʻāina waiwai, hoʻolei nā mea kūʻai iā lākou iho (pinepine ʻole ʻia) i ka meaʻai. A ma nā ʻāina ʻilihune, ʻo ka pau ʻana o ka meaʻai ka hopena o nā hana mahiʻai maikaʻi ʻole, nā ʻoihana maikaʻi ʻole, a me kahi ʻoihana hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻole. No laila, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ma nā ʻāina waiwai ʻo ka pōmaikaʻi ke kuleana o ka lilo ʻana o ka meaʻai, aʻo nā ʻāina ʻilihune ʻo ia ka nele o ka pōmaikaʻi.
He aha e hiki ai ia oukou ke hana?
Pehea e hōʻemi ai i ka pau ʻole o ka meaʻai ma ka pae o kāu lumi kuke? Eia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kūpono:
Mai hele kūʻai me ka ʻōpū ʻole. Mai hoʻohana i ke kaʻa nui ma ka hale kūʻai, e lawe i kahi hīnaʻi ma kahi.
· E kākau i kahi papa inoa o nā huahana pono maoli ma mua, e haʻalele iā ia me ka liʻiliʻi loa.
Ma mua o kou kūʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai ma ke kūʻai aku ma ke kumu kūʻai "maikaʻi", e noʻonoʻo inā e ʻai maoli ʻoe i kēia meaʻai i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
· E hoʻohana i nā papa liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo pinepine ka poʻe i nā meaʻai ma nā pā nui ma mua o ka hiki ke ʻai. Pēlā nō i nā hale kūʻai ma ka hale ʻaina.
· Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻai i kekahi mea i loko o ka hale ʻaina, a laila e noi aku e hoʻopiha ʻia nā koena no ʻoe.
· E hilinaʻi i kou ʻono a me kou ʻala i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā lā pau. Manaʻo ka poʻe kūʻai i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole palekana ke ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai ma waho, akā pili wale kēia i nā meaʻai palaho (e like me ka ʻiʻo a me ka iʻa).
E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka mālama pono.
Pehea e mālama pono ai i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu
Inā hoʻopili ʻia nā huaʻai a me nā huaʻai i loko o ka pahu kūikawā a ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻolālā e ʻai koke iā lākou, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waiho ʻana iā lākou i loko o ka pahu. He mea nui hoʻi e mālama i nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai ma kahi kūpono. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia kekahi mau ʻano i loko o ka friji, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e mālama maikaʻi ʻia i waho o ka friji.
E mālama i nā tōmato ma waho o ka friji ma kahi maloʻo. Ma ke ala, e ʻai wale i nā tōmato pala. Loaʻa i nā tōmato ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i nā ʻawaʻawa tomatine, hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ke olakino.
Hoʻomoʻa koke nā aniani i ka makū a pala, no laila e mālama iā lākou i kahi maloʻo. Ma ke ala, hoʻomoʻa nā aniani i nā ʻono, me ka ʻala o ke kāleka, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana iā lākou.
He lōʻihi loa ke ola o nā kāloti hoʻoilo, nā parsnips, a me ke aʻa celery. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e mālama iā lākou i kahi maloʻo ma 12-15 ° C.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻuala ma kahi pouli a mālie.
E mālama i nā eggplants, nā kukama, a me nā pepa mai loko mai o ka friji, akā mai nā tōmato a me nā hua. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka eggplants i ka ethylene, kahi kinoea i hana ʻia e ka maiʻa, ka pears, nā ʻāpala, a me nā tōmato. Ma lalo o ka mana o ka ethylene, uhi ʻia nā eggplants me nā wahi ʻeleʻele a lilo i ʻawaʻawa i ka ʻono.
Hoʻomaloʻo nā kukama i loko o ka friji. Kūʻai pinepine ʻia nā kukama i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Mai hoʻoneʻe ʻia no ka mea e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke ola mālama ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule.
ʻO nā lau lau, e like me ka letus a me ka chicory, a me nā mea kanu cruciferous (cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, daikon, radishes, turnips) i mālama maikaʻi ʻia i loko o ka friji.
Pela no ka celery stalks a me leeks.
Mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā Lemona a me nā hua citrus ʻē aʻe ma kahi pouli ma waho o ka friji. ʻO ka awelika o ka mālama ʻana i nā hua citrus he 14 mau lā.
ʻO ka maiʻa a me nā huaʻai ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ke anu. Inā mālama ʻia lākou i nā mahana ma lalo o 7 ° C, a laila hoʻomaka ka luku ʻana i nā cell, nalowale ka hua a hiki i ka pala.
Mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā hua waina i loko o ka friji. Ma laila e noho ai ma ke kūlana hoʻohana no nā lā ʻehiku, a ma waho o ka pahu hau - ʻekolu a ʻehā mau lā. E mālama i nā hua waina i loko o kahi ʻeke pepa a i ʻole ma kahi pā.
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā ʻāpala i ʻekolu pule i loko o ka friji ma mua o waho o ka friji.
Pono e mālama mau ʻia nā mea kanu a me nā hua i loko o ka friji. Pili kēia i nā ʻano like ʻole.
Pehea e mālama ai i nā huahana waiu
ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai, ka waiū, ka yogurt a me nā huahana waiu ʻē aʻe ka lā pau. A hiki i kēia lā, hōʻoia ka mea hana i ka maikaʻi maikaʻi. Ma hope o ka lā pau, hiki ke hōʻino i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana. Eia nō naʻe, kūpono nā huahana waiu no ka ʻai ʻana no kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka lā i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pūʻolo. E hoʻohana i kou ʻike, honi, a ʻono e ʻike inā maikaʻi mau ka huahana. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka yogurt i wehe ʻia i loko o ka friji no 5-7 mau lā, ka waiū - 3-5 mau lā.
ʻAe, pehea e pili ana i ka mold? Hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ka meaʻai popopo hapa?
ʻO ka mold he "noble" a me ka pōʻino. Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea mua i ka hana ʻana i nā cheeses e like me Gorgonzola a me Brie. Hiki ke ʻai ʻia kēia poʻo. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka penicillin maikaʻi. ʻO ke koena o ka poʻi he mea ʻino, a i ʻole ʻino loa. He mea pōʻino loa ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka poʻi ma luna o nā cereals, nati, pīni a me ke kulina.
He aha ka mea e hana ai inā ua laha ka popopo i ka meaʻai? Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia kekahi mau meaʻai, akā pono e hoʻolei ʻia ka hapa nui. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka paʻakai paʻakikī (parmesan, cheddar) a me nā mea kanu paʻakikī a me nā huaʻai (kāloti, kāpeti). E ʻoki i ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa i haumia i ka poʻi, a me hoʻokahi kenimika hou aʻe. E kau i nā meaʻai i hana ʻia i loko o nā kīʻaha maʻemaʻe a i ʻole pepa. Akā, e kiola ʻia ka berena polū, nā hua waiū palupalu, nā hua ʻai palupalu a me nā mea kanu, jam a me nā mea mālama.
E hoomanao i keia. ʻO ka maʻemaʻe kahi kumu nui i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka poʻi. Hiki ke maʻalahi ka laha ʻana o nā spores mai loko mai o ka meaʻai i hoʻohaumia ʻia i kāu pahu hau, nā kāwele kīhini, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā holoi holoi, nā kāwele, nā sponges, nā mops. ʻO ka ʻala ʻala ʻo ia hoʻi ke ola o ka poʻi i loko o lākou. E hoolei aku i na mea apau i hiki ole ke holoi ia.