Contents
He mea paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo ʻana he iʻa kēia mea ola, no ka mea, ua like ke ʻano o ka ʻalae me ka ʻūhā maka me ka waha huinaha nui a i ʻole ka moʻo ʻole nā wāwae hope.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻōpala
ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea lele ma muli o kona poʻo nui, e hōʻike ana i ka pilina o ka iʻa me ka ʻohana goby. I loko o kēia ʻohana, hōʻike nā mudskippers i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī, "Periophthalmus". ʻIke ʻia ka ʻApelika Komohana a i ʻole nā mudskipper maʻamau i nā aquarists no ka mea ʻo ia ka mea kūʻai pinepine ʻia a ʻo ia ka mea nui loa o kona ʻano. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona makua o kēia ʻano he ʻelua mau hope hope, i hoʻonani ʻia me kahi ʻulaʻula uliuli ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā hulu a hiki ke ulu a hiki i ka 2 a me ka hapa ʻumi mau kenimika.
Ma ke ʻano, aia nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi loa o kēia ʻano. ʻO kēia nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo India a i ʻole dwarf jumpers, hiki i ka lōʻihi o 5 knm. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kānaka o kēia ʻano e nā ʻili hope melemele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, aʻo nā ʻili he ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. E like me ke kānāwai, ma ka hope hope mua hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi wahi nui, ʻalani i ke kala.
Keʻano
He mea ʻokoʻa ka mudskipper e hāʻawi i ke kanaka i nā manaʻo like ʻole. He aha ka manaʻo e hiki ai i kahi mea me nā maka bulging, ʻo ke kihi ʻike ma kahi o 180 degere, hiki ke hoʻāla? ʻAʻole kaʻawili wale ʻia nā maka e like me ka periscope o kahi submarine, akā hoʻihoʻi ʻia i loko o nā poho maka i kēlā me kēia manawa. No kēlā poʻe i ʻike ʻole i kekahi mea e pili ana i kēia iʻa a ʻaʻole maopopo i ke ʻano o kona ʻano, ʻo ke ʻano o ka lele ʻana i kā lākou ʻike makaʻu. Eia kekahi, he poʻo nui wale kēia ʻano.
Hiki ke ʻauʻau i uka a piʻi i uka, me ka neʻe ʻana me nā ʻūhā pectoral hilinaʻi a kōkua i ka huelo. ʻO ka mea mua i komo i ka naʻau, ʻo ia ka maʻi lolo o ka iʻa, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻaoʻao mua wale nō o ke kino e hana ai.
ʻO ka hope hope lōʻihi e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o ke kolamu wai, akā ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā pectoral fins ikaika i ka hana ma ka ʻāina. Mahalo i ka huelo ikaika, e kōkua i ka mea lele e neʻe i ka ʻāina, hiki i ka iʻa ke lele i waho o ka wai i kahi kiʻekiʻe.
hoihoi i ka ike! ʻOi aku ka like o nā mea ʻalaʻula ma ke ʻano a me nā hana o ke kino me nā amphibians. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka hanu ʻana me ke kōkua o nā gills, a me ke alo o nā fins, hōʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he iʻa kēia.
Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka oxygen ma ka ʻili o ka ʻōpala, hiki iā ia ke hanu maʻalahi ma ka ʻāina. Ke haʻalele ka mea lele i ka wai, pili paʻa nā gills, i ʻole e maloʻo.
ʻO ka ʻāpana volumetric o ka jumper e mālama i kekahi nui o ka wai i loko o ka waha no kekahi manawa, e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka oxygen i makemake ʻia. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kino o ka mea lele e kahi hue hina-olive, a māmā mau ka ʻōpū, kokoke i ke kālā. Ua hoʻonani ʻia ke kino me nā ʻōniʻoniʻo a i ʻole nā kiko, a aia kahi ʻili ʻili ma luna o ka lehelehe luna.
Ka nohona, ka hana
He ʻelele kūʻokoʻa ka mudskipper o ka honua lalo i hiki ke noho ma ke kolamu wai a ma waho o ka wai, ma ka ʻāina. Nui ka ʻūhū ma ke kino o ka ʻalae, e like me ka rana, no laila hiki i ka iʻa ke noho ma ka ʻāina no ka manawa lōʻihi. I ka wā e ʻauʻau ai ka mea lele i ka lepo, e hana ana ʻo ia i ka pulu ʻana i ka ʻili.
Ke neʻe nei i loko o ke kolamu wai, a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma luna o kona ʻili, hoʻāla ka iʻa i kona poʻo me kona mau maka ma ke ʻano o nā periscopes, a nānā i nā mea āpau a puni. I ka wā o ke kai kiʻekiʻe, hoʻāʻo ka mea lele e ʻeli i loko o ka lepo a i ʻole peʻe i loko o nā lua, e mālama ana i ka wela o ke kino. Aia ka mea lele i loko o ka wai, hoʻohana ʻo ia i kona mau gills no ka hanu ʻana. Ma hope o ke kai haʻahaʻa, kolo lākou i waho o ko lākou mau hale a hoʻomaka lākou e kolo ma lalo o kahi waihona i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka wai. Ke hoʻoholo ka iʻa e kolo i uka, hopu ʻo ia a paʻa i kahi wai i loko o kona waha, e kōkua ana i ka pulu ʻana i nā gills.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi! Ke kolo ka poʻe lele i ka ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka lohe a me ka ʻike, e kōkua ana e ʻike i nā mea pio, a me ka lohe ʻana. I ka hāʻule ʻana i loko o ka wai, hāʻule nui ka ʻike o ka mea lele, a lilo ʻo ia i pōkole.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Mudskippers he brawlers insufferable, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻoponopono pinepine i nā mea i waena o lākou iho a hoʻonohonoho i nā brawls ma kahakai, e pale ana i ko lākou ʻāina. I ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia ʻo nā ʻelele o ka ʻano "Periophthalmus barbarus" ka nui o nā brawlers.
Ma muli o kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i kēia ʻano i loko o kahi aquarium i nā pūʻulu, akā pono e hoʻonoho iā lākou i nā aquarium kaʻawale.
'Oddly lawa, akā, hiki i ka mudskipper ke neʻe ma luna o ka vertical surfaces. Piʻi maʻalahi ʻo ia i nā kumulāʻau, ʻoiai e hilinaʻi ana i nā ʻili mua paʻa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kīʻaha hoʻoheheʻe ma kona kino. Aia nā ʻōmo, ma ka ʻūhā a ma ka ʻōpū, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻūhā ventral ka mea nui.
ʻO ka hiki ʻana o nā fins sucker hiki i ka iʻa ke lanakila i kekahi kiʻekiʻe, me nā paia o nā aquarium. Ma ke ʻano, ʻae kēia ʻano i ka iʻa e pale iā lākou iho mai ka hana a ke kai. Inā lawe ke kai i nā kānaka i ke kai ākea, a laila e make koke lākou.
He iʻa noho ʻāina ka ʻalae
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka ʻōpala
Me ka mālama pono ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki i nā mudskippers ke ola no kahi o 3 mau makahiki. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ia ka wai paʻakai liʻiliʻi o ka aquarium, no ka mea hiki i nā ʻōpala ke noho i ka paʻakai a me ka wai hou.
hoihoi i ka ike! I ka wā o ka evolution, ua hoʻokumu ka mudskipper i kahi hana kūikawā e hoʻomalu i ka metabolism ma muli o ke kūlana ola.
Dimorphism kino
I kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ka dimorphism wahine, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā loea loea a i ʻole nā aquarists ke ʻike i kahi o ke kāne a me kahi o ka wahine. I ka manawa like, inā ʻoe e nānā i ke ʻano o nā kānaka, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolohe i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo: ʻoi aku ka mālie o nā wahine, a ʻoi aku ka hakakā o nā kāne.
ʻO nā ʻano o nā ʻōpala
ʻAʻole i hiki i ka poʻe ʻepekema a puni ka honua i ka ʻae ʻana e pili ana i ke ola ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mudskippers. ʻO kekahi o lākou ka inoa o ka helu 35, a ʻaʻole inoa kekahi i ʻelua mau ʻano ʻano. ʻO ka mea maʻamau o ka nui o nā ʻano mea i manaʻo ʻia he mudskipper maʻamau, ʻo ka heluna nui o ia mau mea i māhele ʻia i nā wai paʻakai liʻiliʻi ma waho o ke kahakai o West Africa, e komo pū ana i loko o ke Kaiwa o Guinea.
Ma waho aʻe o ka jumper maʻamau, ua komo pū kekahi mau ʻano i loko o kēia ʻano:
- P. argentilineatus a me P. cantonensis;
- P. chrysospilos, P. kalolo, P. gracilis;
- P. magnuspinnatus a me P. modestus;
- P. minutus a me P. malaccensis;
- P. novaeguineaensis a me P. pearsei;
- P. novemradiatus a me P. sobrinus;
- P. waltoni, P. spilotus a me P. variabilis;
- P. weberi, P. walailakae a me P. septemradiatus.
ʻAʻole i lōʻihi i hala aku nei, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻano he 4 i nā mudskippers, akā ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe - ka genus "Periophthalmodon".
nā nohona kūlohelohe
He ākea ka noho ʻana o kēia mau mea ola kupaianaha a uhi ʻia ʻo ʻAsia, ʻApelika a me Australia. No kā lākou hana ola, ʻaihue nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i nā kūlana like ʻole, ka noho ʻana i nā kahawai a me nā loko, a me nā wai paʻakai o nā kahakai o nā ʻāina wela.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i kekahi mau mokuʻāina ʻApelika, kahi i loaʻa ai ka nui o nā ʻano mudskippers "Periophthalmus barbarus". ʻo kahi laʻana:
- V Angola, Gabon a me Benin.
- Kamerona, Gambia a me Kongo.
- Ma Côte d'Ivoire a me Ghana.
- Ma Guinea, ma Equatorial Guinea a me Guinea-Bissau.
- ma Liberia a me Nigeria.
- Ma Sao Tome a me Prixini.
- ʻO Sierra Leone a me Senegal.
Makemake ka poʻe ʻōpala i nā mangrove, kahi e hana ai lākou i ko lākou mau home ma ke kua. I ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā nuku o nā muliwai, ma nā ʻōpala o ke kai i nā kūlana i pale ʻia nā kahakai mai nā nalu kiʻekiʻe.
ʻai
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano i manaʻo ʻia he omnivorous, koe naʻe kekahi mau ʻano herbivorous, no laila ua ʻano like ʻole kā lākou ʻai. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, hānai ʻia ka poʻe lele ma hope o ke kai haʻahaʻa, e ʻeli i ka lepo palupalu, kahi e loaʻa ai nā meaʻai.
E like me ke kānāwai, i ka meaʻai "Periophthalmus barbarus". Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hānai holoholona a me nā mea kanu. ʻo kahi laʻana:
- Nā crustacean liʻiliʻi.
- ʻAʻole nui ka iʻa (fry).
- Pūnaehana kumu o nā mangrove keʻokeʻo.
- Kai limu.
- ʻO nā ilo a me nā ʻupena pepeke.
- Nā Pepelu.
Ke mālama ʻia ka poʻe ʻōpala i nā ʻano hana hana, ʻano ʻokoʻa kā lākou meaʻai. Manaʻo ka poʻe aquarist ʻike i ka hānai ʻana i nā mudskippers i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole, e pili ana i nā iʻa iʻa maloʻo, a me nā iʻa i ʻoki ʻia, ma ke ʻano o ka ʻōpae a i ʻole nā meaʻai koko hau.
Eia kekahi, makemake ʻia ka ʻai ʻana i nā insects ola, ma ke ʻano o nā moth a me nā nalo liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i kēia mau iʻa me ka mealworms a me ka crickets, a me nā mea ola i loaʻa ʻole i loko o nā mangroves, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōnaehana digestive i ka iʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻohua ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana
Ma muli o ka ʻike pinepine ʻana o nā kāne mudskippers iā lākou iho i nā kūlana hakakā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanawanui ʻia i ka wā hānau, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e hakakā wale no ko lākou ʻāina, akā hakakā pū kekahi no nā wahine. Kū kūʻē nā kāne i kekahi i kekahi a hāpai i ko lākou mau hope hope, a piʻi hoʻi ma luna o kā lākou pectoral fi i ke kiʻekiʻe. I ka manawa like, ʻo lākou, e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, "i ka piha" hāmama i ko lākou waha ʻehā. Hiki iā lākou ke lele ma luna o kekahi i kekahi a hoʻoluliluli i kā lākou mau hope me ka hoʻoweliweli. Hoʻomau ka hana a hiki i kekahi o nā hoa paio ke kū a haʻalele.
He mea nui ia e ʻike! Ke hoʻomaka ke kāne e huki i ka wahine, hana ʻo ia i nā lele kūʻokoʻa. Ke ʻae ka wahine, hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana male a hoʻomomona ʻia nā hua i loko o ka wahine. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka ke kāne e kūkulu i kahi waihona no nā hua.
He paʻakikī loa ke kaʻina hana o ka waiho ʻana, no ka mea, pono ke kāne e ʻeli i lua ma ka lepo lepo me kahi ʻeke ea. I ka manawa like, hāʻawi ʻia ka lua me nā puka komo kūʻokoʻa, ma ke ʻano o nā tunnels e hele i ka ʻili. ʻElua mau lā i ka lā, hoʻopiha ʻia nā tunnels i ka wai, no laila e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka iʻa i ka wai a me ka lepo. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā tunnels, piʻi ka nui o ka ea hou e komo i ka pūnana, ʻoi aku, hiki i nā mākua ke hele wikiwiki i nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia i nā paia o ka pūnana.
Mālama ke kāne a me ka wahine i kā lākou mau keiki e hiki mai ana, e mālama ana i ka ea o ka masonry. I mea e loaʻa ai ka ea hou ma ke kahua pōhaku, kauo lākou i nā ʻōhū ea i loko o ko lākou waha, a laila hoʻopiha i ka lua me ka ea.
ʻenemi kūlohelohe
He nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kēia iʻa, ʻo kekahi o ia mau heron, nā iʻa predatory nui a me nā nahesa wai. Ke pilikia ka mudskipper, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki i ʻike ʻole ʻia, me nā lele kiʻekiʻe. I ka manawa like, hiki iā ia ke ʻeli i loko o ka lepo a i ʻole e uhi i nā kumulāʻau, inā hiki iā ia ke ʻike i kona mau ʻenemi i ka manawa.
Ka heluna kanaka a me ke kūlana ʻano
Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o ka mudskipper, ʻo Periophthalmus barbarus, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka IUCN Red List, a aia i loko o kahi ʻāpana i hoʻoweliweli ʻia, akā ʻaʻole nui. No ka nui o ka poʻe ʻōpala, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hui mālama ke helu i kā lākou helu. No laila, i kēia mau lā, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike i ka nui o ka poʻe ʻeleʻele.
He mea nui ia e ʻike! Ua loaʻa i ke ʻano, aia ma ka IUCN Red List, ke kūlana o "Least Concern", ma ka ʻāina a me ka honua.
ʻO nā mea i loko o kahi aquarium
ʻO nā mudskippers he poʻe noho maikaʻi ʻole no ka noho pio ʻana, akā no lākou pono e hoʻolako i kahi hale, e noʻonoʻo ana i kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia iʻa kupaianaha. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono kahi aquarium no kā lākou mālama ʻana, akā he aquaterrarium. No ko lākou ola maʻamau, ʻaʻole pono kahi ʻāpana nui o u15bu20bland, a me kahi papa wai o ke kauoha o 26 cm, ʻaʻole hou. He mea maikaʻi inā loaʻa nā snags e puka mai ana mai ka wai a i ʻole nā kumu mangrove ola i kanu ʻia i loko o ka wai. Akā inā ʻaʻole, maikaʻi ka iʻa ma nā paia o ka aquaterrarium. ʻAʻole pono ka paʻakai o ka wai ma mua o 30%, a no ka hoʻonui ʻana i kona paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ʻāpana marble. Pono e mālama ʻia ʻaʻohe pōhaku me nā ʻaoʻao ʻoi, i ʻole e ʻeha ka iʻa i ke kaʻina o ka lele. Manaʻo maikaʻi ka poʻe lele lepo i kahi mahana o ka wai a me ka ea ambient ma kahi o 20-22 degere, a aia i kahi mahana o XNUMX-XNUMX degere hoʻomaka lākou e anu. Hiki nō hoʻi ke kukui UV. Pono e uhi ʻia ka aquaterrarium me ke aniani, i ʻole e holo maʻalahi ka poʻe lele mai ko lākou home.
Eia kekahi, ma ka uhi ʻana i ko lākou hale me ke aniani, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka humidity i makemake ʻia i loko.
ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻonoho i ka nui o nā poʻe i loko o hoʻokahi aquaterrarium, no ka mea, e hakakā mau lākou me kekahi. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka poʻe ʻōpala ke hui pū me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe e makemake ana i ka wai paʻakai, a me nā pāpaʻi. ʻAi nā poʻe lele i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole a ʻaʻole e hōʻole i nā ilo ola a i ʻole koko koko, nā ʻōpae paʻa, ka ʻiʻo, ka iʻa (ʻoki ʻia i kahi ʻano o ka ʻiʻo minced), a me nā ʻeke maloʻo. I loko o ka wai, ʻike maikaʻi ʻole ka poʻe lele, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai iā lākou ma ka ʻāina. Hoʻopili koke ʻia kēia mau iʻa a hoʻomaka e lawe i ka meaʻai mai ko lākou mau lima.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, i ka pio ʻana, ʻaʻole hānai nā mudskippers, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kahi lepo viscous kahi i maʻa ai lākou e noho i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
Mea hanai lima lima.
i ka hopena
Ma waho aʻe o ka hopu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻōpala ʻōpala no ka poʻe makemake e mālama i ka iʻa i ke pio, a me ka noho ʻana o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia iʻa e pau. ʻAʻole ʻai ka poʻe kamaʻāina i kēia iʻa, ʻoiai ke ʻōlelo nei lākou ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai i ka iʻa ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau.