ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻohua hou ʻana o ka halo
ʻEkolu ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka fungal - vegetative, asexual a me ka wahine. Hoʻololi pinepine lākou i kekahi i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā fungi.
Hoʻoulu hou ʻia nā haʻani ma ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka mycelium, a me ka pua, chlamydospores, arthrospores, a me nā pōhaku. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka mycelium ke ʻano nui o ka hoʻolaha vegetative o nā fungi. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka mycelium ma kekahi ʻāpana o ka mycelium kahiko i loaʻa i kahi cell hiki. He kūpono no ka hana hou ʻana i nā wahi o ka mycelium non-cellular. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana hou i ka mahi ʻana i nā halo ʻai home.
ʻO Budding kahi ʻano o ka hoʻolaha vegetative o nā fungi. Loaʻa ia i loko o nā fungi me ka thallus-like. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻokaʻawale ke kelepona kaikamahine mai ka cell makuahine me ke kōkua o kahi septum a laila hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea ʻokoʻa hoʻokahi. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki i ka cell yeast ke ʻōpuʻu mau loa. Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka helu o nā māhele maikaʻi e nā apo chitinous, i ʻike ʻia ma ke kahua o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka puʻupaʻa. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pūla hū kahiko ma mua o nā ʻōpiopio, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou helu.
ʻO Artrospores nā pūnaewele kūikawā o ka hoʻolahaʻana o nā mea kanu,ʻo ko lākou inoa'ē aʻe he oidia. Kū lākou ma muli o ka māhele ʻana o ka hyphae, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, i ka nui o nā kaʻina hana, e hāʻawi lākou i ke ola i kahi mycelium hou. He pūpū lahilahi ko Oidia a he pōkole ke ola. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i loko o nā ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻano halo ʻē aʻe.
He ʻano ʻano oidia nā gems, ʻike ʻia lākou e kahi pūpū ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ka waihoʻoluʻu, a lōʻihi hoʻi lākou. Loaʻa nā pōhaku i nā marsupial, a me nā smuts a me nā hemahema.
Pono ʻo Chlamydospores no ka hoʻolaha vegetative o nā fungi. Loaʻa iā lākou nā pūpū ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a hoʻomanawanui i nā kūlana paʻakikī. Ke kū nei lākou ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea i loko o nā cell mycelium pākahi, i loko o kēia kaʻina hana i uhi ʻia me kahi pūpū ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Hiki i nā Chlamydospores i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā cell o ka hyphae makuahine ke ola no ka manawa lōʻihi ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻakikī. Ke hoʻomaka lākou e ulu, ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana sporulation a i ʻole mycelium i loko o lākou. Loaʻa nā Chlamydospora i nā basidiomycetes, deuteromycetes, a me nā oomycetes.
Noho ʻo Asexual reproduction i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā fungi i ke ʻano a ʻo ia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia mau meaola. Hana ʻia kēia ʻano hana me ke kōkua o nā spores, i hana ʻia me ka ʻole o ka fertilization ma nā kino kūikawā. ʻOkoʻa kēia mau kino i ke ʻano a me nā waiwai mai ka hyphae vegetative o ka mycelium. Me ke ʻano endogenous o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka spore, ua ʻokoʻa ʻia nā ʻano ʻano ʻelua o ka spore-bearing organ - ʻo ia hoʻi, zoosporangia a me sporangia. Hiki mai ka Conidia i waho.
ʻO nā spores fungal nā hale nui e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana. ʻO ka hana nui o nā spores ka hana ʻana i nā poʻe hou o kahi ʻano i hāʻawi ʻia, a me ko lākou noho ʻana i nā wahi hou. ʻOkoʻa lākou i ke kumu, nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā ʻano o ka noho ʻana. Hoʻomalu pinepine ʻia lākou e kahi puʻu pale paʻa o nā papa he nui a ʻaʻohe pā kelepona, hiki iā lākou ke multicellular, lawe ʻia e ka makani, ka ua, nā holoholona, a i ʻole ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka flagella.
ʻO Zoospores nā ʻano hana hoʻohua asexual o nā haʻani. He mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa lākou o ka protoplasm ʻaʻohe pūpū, loaʻa iā lākou hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku ka nuclei me hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha flagella. Loaʻa i kēia flagella kahi ʻano i loko o ka nui o nā eukaryotes. Pono lākou no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā fungi, loaʻa ka nui o nā meaʻai a ʻaʻole hiki ke noho ola no ka manawa lōʻihi. Hana ʻia ma ka zoosporangia. Hoʻohana ka Zoospores i ka hana hou ʻana i nā haʻani haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia ka nui o ka wai, akā ʻike pū ʻia ka zoosporangia i nā haʻi honua he nui e noho ana ma nā mea kanu ʻāina.
ʻO ka zoosporangium kahi ʻōkano e hoʻohua ai i ka motile, a hoʻohua i nā spores i loaʻa ka hae. Kapa ʻia kēia mau spores he zoospores. E like me ke kānāwai, kū pololei ka zoosporangia ma luna o nā hyphae vegetative, me ka ʻole o nā sporangiophores kūikawā.
ʻO Sporangiospores (aplanospores) nā hale o ka hoʻohua asexual o nā haʻani. He neʻe ʻole, ʻaʻohe ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana, he pūpū. Pono lākou no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā fungi, loaʻa ka nui o nā meaʻai a ʻaʻole hiki ke noho ola no ka manawa lōʻihi. Kū lākou ma ka hopena i loko o nā kino sporogenous (sporangia). Puka ka sporangium ma o nā puka i loko o ka pūpū (pores) a i ʻole ke uhaki ʻia ka pono o ka hope. Loaʻa ka sporulation endogenous i nā fungi kahiko. Hoʻoulu hou ʻo Sporangiospores ma Zygomycetes.
ʻO Sporangium - ʻo ia ka inoa o ka ʻōkana lawe ʻana i ka spore, i loko kahi e ala aʻe ai nā spores neʻe ʻole o ka hoʻohua asexual me ka pūpū. I ka hapa nui o nā haʻiki filamentous, ua hana ʻia ka sporangium mai ka pehu ʻana o ka hyphal apex ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ka hypha makua e kahi septa. I ke kaʻina o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka spore, ua māhele ʻia ka sporangium protoplast i nā manawa he nui, e hana ana i mau tausani o nā spores. I loko o nā ʻano fungal he nui, ʻokoʻa loa ka hyphae hānai sporangial mai ka hyphae vegetative. I kēia hihia, kapa ʻia lākou he sporangiophores.
ʻO Sporangiophores nā hyphae hua hua e hoʻohua ai i ka sporangia.
ʻO ka Conidia nā spores o ka hoʻohua asexual i hana ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o kahi mea lawe spore i kapa ʻia he conidiophore, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻāpana kūikawā o ka mycelium. Loaʻa ka conidia maʻamau i nā marsupial, basidiomycetes, a me nā haʻi anamorphic. Hiki ke hoʻohua wale ʻia nā haʻani maikaʻi ʻole (deuteromycetes) me ka conidia. ʻO nā ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o conidia, ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona, nā hui a me nā kau ʻana he ʻokoʻa loa. Hiki i ka Conidia ke unicellular a multicellular, o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻOkoʻa ke kiʻekiʻe o ko lākou kala - mai ke aniani a hiki i ke gula, ʻāhuhi, hina, ʻoliva, ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka conidia maʻamau ka hele ʻana me ka passively, akā i kekahi mau hihia, ʻike ʻia kā lākou hōʻole ikaika.