ʻO Myelodysplastic maʻi kahi maʻi o ke koko. Kēia pathology kumu o ke kulu i loko o ka helu o ke kaapuni keena o keena. Kāhea ʻia kēia maʻi: myelodysplasia.

I loko o kahi meaola "olakino", hoʻopuka ka momona o ka iwi i nā ʻano ʻāpana o ke koko.

- nā pūnaewele kokoʻulaʻula, e ʻae ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana o oxygen i ke kino holoʻokoʻa;

- nā keʻokeʻo koko keʻokeʻo, e ʻae ana i ke kino e kaua aku i nā ʻākena exogenous a pēlā e hōʻalo ai i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi;

- platelet, ka mea e ʻae ai i ke koko a komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana coagulation.

I ka hihia o nā mea maʻi me ka myelodysplastic syndrome, ʻaʻole hiki i ka momona o ka iwi ke hana i kēia mau ʻulaʻula koko, nā hunaola keʻokeʻo a me nā pā. Hana ʻia nā hunaola koko i kahi hopena maʻamau i loko o kā lākou ulu ʻole piha. Ma lalo o kēia mau hanana e ulu nei, loaʻa i ka iwi o ka iwi kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā hunaola kūlohelohe ʻole a laila kaʻana ʻia i ke kahe o ke koko holoʻokoʻa.

Hiki i kēia ʻano sindrom ke hoʻomōhala lohi a hoʻomāhuahua paha me ka ikaika ʻole.

 Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano maʻi: (2)

• anemia refractory, i kēia hihia, hoʻopili wale ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula;
• cytopenia refactory, kahi e hoʻopili ai nā hunaola āpau (nā ʻulaʻula o ke koko, nā aʻa koko keʻokeʻo a me nā platelet);
• anemia refractory me ka nui o nā pahū, pili pū kekahi i nā ʻulaʻula o ke koko, nā aʻa koko keʻokeʻo a me nā platelet a alakaʻi i kahi piʻi nui o ka maʻi leukemia.

Hiki i ka Myelodysplastic maʻi ke hoʻopili i ka poʻe o nā makahiki āpau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā kumuhana pili pinepine ʻia ma waena o 65 a 70 mau makahiki. Hoʻokahi wale nō i loko o ʻelima mau maʻi ma lalo o ka makahiki 50 e hoʻopili ʻia e kēia maʻi maʻi. (2)

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi he ʻano akahai a akahai i ka mua. Kūpilikiʻi kēia mau hōʻike ʻōlinolino.

Pili nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā hunaola koko i loli ʻia.

I ka hopena e hoʻopili ʻia nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, ʻo nā ʻōuli e pili pū ana:

• luhi;
• nāwaliwali;
• nā pilikia hanu.

I ka hanana e pili ana i nā hunaola keʻokeʻo, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻike pilikino i:

• kahi piʻi nui o nā maʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i ke alo o nā pathogens (virus, bacteria, parasites, a pēlā aku.).

Ke pili nei ka hoʻomohala platelet, ʻike pinepine mākou:

• ʻoi aku ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe o ke kaumaha a me ke ʻano o ka palapū no ke kumu kumu ʻole.

ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka myelodysplastic syndrome e like me nā hōʻike klinika e ulu wikiwiki aʻe ma mua o kekahi.

Hoʻohui, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi mau mea maʻi ke hōʻike me nā ʻōuli ʻano. No laila ke kuhi ʻana o ka maʻi ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua koko, e hōʻike ana i kahi pae haʻahaʻa o ke kaapuni ʻana o nā hunaola koko a me kā lākou hana hewa.

Pili pono nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi me ke ʻano o ia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka hihia o ka anemia refrakory, ʻo nā ʻōuli i hoʻomohala ʻia he luhi maoli ia, nā manaʻo o ka nāwaliwali a me ka hiki i nā pilikia hanu. (2)

Hiki i kekahi poʻe me ka myelodysplastic syndrome ke hoʻomohala i ka leukemia myeloid koʻikoʻi. He maʻi ʻaʻai ia o nā hunaola keʻokeʻo.

ʻAʻole ʻike maopopo ʻia ke kumu pono o ka myelodysplastic syndrome.

Eia nō naʻe, ua waiho ʻia kahi pilina a me ka hopena no ka hōʻike ʻana i kekahi mau hui kemika, e like me ka benzene, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi pilikino. ʻO kēia mea kemikino, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano he carcinogenic i nā kānaka, ʻike ākea ʻia i ka ʻoihana no ka hana ʻana i nā plastics, kāpala a i ʻole ka petrochemical ʻoihana.

I nā hihia rarer, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia pathology me radiotherapy a chemotherapy. ʻO kēia nā ʻano hana i hoʻohana ākea ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. (2)

ʻO nā kumu pilikia no ka maʻi ʻo:

- hōʻike i kekahi kemika, e like me benzene;

- ka hana mua me ka chemotherapy a me / a i ʻole radiotherapy.

Hoʻomaka ka hōʻailona o ka myelodysplastic syndrome me kahi hoʻokolohua koko a me ke kālailai ʻana i nā ʻōiwi pū iwi. Kōkua kēia mau hoʻokolohua i ka helu o nā aʻa koko maʻamau a maʻamau ʻole.

Hana ʻia ka loiloi iwi iwi ma lalo o ka anesthesia kūloko. Lawe ʻia kahi laʻana o ia mea mai ke kāʻei o ke kumuhana a kālailai ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua.

Pili pono ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi i ke ʻano o ka maʻi a me nā kūlana i pili i kēlā me kēia.

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana e hoʻihoʻi i kahi pae maʻamau o ke kaapuni ʻana i nā hunaola koko a me ko lākou ʻano.

I loko o ka pōʻaiapili kahi e hōʻike ai ka mea maʻi i kahi ʻano o ka maʻi me ka liʻiliʻi o ka loli ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻaʻole pono ke kuhikuhi ʻana o kahi ʻano lapaʻau akā e koi wale ʻia ka nānā pinepine ʻana ma o nā hōʻoia koko.

 ʻO nā mālama no nā ʻano holomua o ka maʻi ʻo:

• hoʻokuʻi koko;
• nā lāʻau e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hao i loko o ke koko, ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana o ke koko;
• e hoʻokomo i nā mea ulu, e like me erythropoietin a i ʻole G-CSF, e hoʻonui i ka ulu ʻana o nā hunaola koko a kōkua i ka iwi iwi e hoʻohua i nā hunaola koko;
• antibiotics, i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hemahema o nā hunaola keʻokeʻo.

Hoʻohui, nā lāʻau o ke ʻano: anti-thymositte immunoglobulins (ATG) a i ʻole cyclosporine, hoʻemi i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana pale e ʻae ana i ka iwi iwi e hana i nā hunaola.

No nā kumuhana me ka makaʻu nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ka chemotherapy a i ʻole ke transplant cell stem.

Hoʻopau ʻo Chemotherapy i nā hunaola kō ʻole ma ke kū ʻana i ko lākou ulu ʻana. Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka waha (papa) a i ʻole ke aniani.

Pili pinepine ʻia kēia lapaʻau me:

- cytarabine;

- fludarabine;

- daunorubisin;

- clofarabine;

- lʻazacitidine.

Hoʻohana ʻia ke kanu ʻōnaehana i ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi. I kēia pōʻaiapili, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana o nā hunaula i nā ʻōpio.

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia kēia lapaʻau me chemotherapy a me / a i ʻole radiotherapy mua. Ma hope o ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā hunaola koko e loli ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi, kahi transplant o nā hunaola olakino hiki ke maikaʻi. (2)