ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻiʻo o ka iwi ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā pūnaʻi koko. Pili paha ia i ka pae o ke koko ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me / a i ʻole platelets. ʻO ka luhi nui, nāwaliwali, nā maʻi pinepine a me ke kahe koko ʻokoʻa. Ke kamaʻilio pinepine nei mākou e pili ana i ka idiopathic aplastic anemia no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kona kumu i ka hapa nui o nā hihia.

Ka wehewehe o ka anemia aplastic

ʻO ka aplasia iwi iwi he maʻi o ka iwi iwi, ʻo ia hoʻi, he maʻi e pili ana i kahi i hana ʻia ai nā ʻāpana koko. Hoʻopili nui ʻia kēia synthesis, e alakaʻi ana i ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā cell i loko o ke koko.

I mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai, aia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole o ke koko: ʻulaʻula (nā koko ʻulaʻula), nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (leukocytes) a me nā platelets (thrombocytes). E like me nā pūnaewele āpau, hoʻololi maoli ʻia kēia mau mea. Ke hoʻohui mau ʻia nei nā kinikoko hou e ka iwi iwi mai nā pūnaewele kumu. I ka hihia o ka anemia aplastic, nalowale nā ​​​​pūnaewele. 

Nā hopena o ka anemia aplastic

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hopena mai kēlā me kēia kanaka. Hiki ke emi a hikiwawe paha ka emi ʻana o nā pūnaʻi koko, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole pono ka hopena like ʻole o nā ʻano cell like ʻole.

No laila hiki ke wehewehe:

• anemia, ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, kahi mea nui i ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen i loko o ke kino;
• leukopenia, he hāʻule i ka helu o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i komo i loko o ka pale pale pale o ke kino;
• thrombocytopenia, he hāʻule i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā platelets i loko o ke koko i ʻike ʻia he mea nui i ka hanana o ka coagulation i ka wā o ka ʻeha.

Nā kumu o ka anemia aplastic

I ka hapa nui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu o kēia pathology o ka iwi iwi. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou no ka idiopathic aplastic anemia.

Eia nō naʻe, ke ʻimi nei ka noiʻi e hōʻike i ka anemia aplastic ka hopena o kahi hanana autoimmune. ʻOiai e hoʻopau pinepine ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā pathogens, hoʻouka ia i nā cell olakino e pono ai ke kino e hana pono. I ka hihia o ka anemia aplastic, hoʻopau ka ʻōnaehana immune i nā pūnaewele e pono ai no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana koko hou.

ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka anemia aplastic

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hōʻailona ma ka helu koko piha (CBC), a i ʻole ka helu koko piha. Lawe ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo koko no ka loiloi ʻana i nā pae o nā ʻano mea like ʻole (ke koko ʻulaʻula, ke koko keʻokeʻo, nā platelets).

Inā ʻano ʻino nā pae, hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo hou e hōʻoia i ka ʻike o ka anemia aplastic. ʻo kahi laʻana :

• he mielogram, he ho'āʻo e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ai kekahi hapa o ka iwi iwi no ka nānā ʻana;
• he biopsy iwi iwi, he ho'āʻo e wehe i ka ʻāpana o ka iwi iwi a me ka iwi.

ʻO nā kānaka i loaʻa i ka anemia aplastic

Ua pili like nā kāne ʻelua i ka maʻi. Hiki ke hana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia nā piʻi pinepine ʻelua ma waena o 20 a 25 mau makahiki a ma hope o 50 mau makahiki.

Kakaʻikahi kēia pathology. Ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo kona helu (ka helu o nā hihia hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki) he 1 i kēlā me kēia 500 poʻe a ʻo kona prevalence (ka helu o nā kumuhana i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi i kekahi heluna kanaka i ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia) he 000 i kēlā me kēia 1.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia pathology o ka iwi iwi e ka emi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko ʻulaʻula (anemia), keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (leukopenia) a me / a i ʻole platelets (thrombocytopenia). ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka anemia aplastic e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke koko i hoʻopilikia ʻia.

ʻO ka luhi a me nā nāwaliwali e pili ana me ka anemia

Hōʻike ʻia ka anemia e ka hemahema o nā ʻulaʻula. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hōʻailona e like me:

• haikea o ka ili a me ka mucous membranes;
• luhi;
• ʻūpā;
• pokole o ka hanu;
• palpitations ma ka hooikaika ana.

Ka pilikia o ka leukopenia

ʻO ka Leukopenia ka hopena i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka helu o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Nalo ke kino i kona hiki ke pale aku iā ia iho i ka hoʻouka ʻana mai nā pathogens. Hiki ke loaʻa nā maʻi hou ma nā pae like ʻole o ke kino.

ʻO ke koko ma muli o ka thrombocytopenia

ʻO ka thrombocytopenia, a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā platelets, pili i ke ʻano o ka coagulation. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke koko o nā pae like ʻole. Hiki iā lākou ke hopena i:

• ke koko mai ka ihu a me ka ʻāʻī;
• nā ʻeha a me nā ʻeha i ʻike ʻole ʻia no ke kumu ʻike ʻole.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka anemia aplastic e pili ana i kona ulu ʻana. ʻOiai hiki ke lawa ka mālama olakino maʻalahi i kekahi manawa, pono ka mālama ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā hihia.

I kēia kūlana o ka ʻike, ʻelua mau koho therapeutic hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia e mālama i ka anemia aplastic:

• he lāʻau immunosuppressive i hoʻokumu ʻia ma luna o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ai ke kāohi i ka ʻōnaehana pale i mea e kaupalena ai, a i ʻole e hoʻōki i ka luku ʻana i nā pūnaewele pū;
• ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka iwi iwi maʻi me ka momona o ka iwi olakino i lawe ʻia mai kahi mea hāʻawi kuleana.

ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka iwi iwi i kēia manawa ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa no ka anemia aplastic, noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia hana ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana. He lāʻau koʻikoʻi ia ʻaʻole me ka pilikia ʻole o nā pilikia postoperative. Ma keʻano laulā, mālama ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka iwi iwi no nā poʻe maʻi ma lalo o 40 mau makahiki me ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka aplasia iwi.

Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā lāʻau kākoʻo e mālama i nā hōʻailona o ka anemia aplastic. ʻo kahi laʻana :

• nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pale a mālama paha i kekahi mau maʻi;
• ka lawe ʻana i ke koko ʻulaʻula i ka hihia o ka anemia;
• ka lawe ʻana i ka platelet i ka thrombocytopenia.

I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe mea pale i ʻike ʻia. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu o ka anemia aplastic.