Nā mea hoʻomomona Nitrogen

He aha ka nitrogen fertilizer

ʻO kēia nā mea kanu i loaʻa ka nui o ka nitrogen(1). ʻO ia wale nō ka meaʻai, a i ʻole ma kekahi mau meaʻai e pili pū ana, akā lanakila ka nitrogen i kēlā me kēia hihia.

No ka mea ʻoi loa ka neʻe o ka nitrogen i ka lepo, ʻaʻole lawa pinepine ia no nā mea kanu. No laila, ʻo nā fertilizers nitrogen kekahi o nā mea nui.

Ka Pono o nā Nitrogen Fertilizers

He nui nā hana koʻikoʻi o nā fertilizers Nitrogen.

Hoʻonui i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka Nitrogen kahi hapa o DNA, RNA a me nā protein, ʻo ia hoʻi, i kēlā me kēia "brick" kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai kahi mea kanu, aia ka nitrogen. Inā nui ka nitrogen, piʻi koke ke kaumaha o nā mea kanu.

Hoʻonui i ka huahana. Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo ka nitrogen ke kuleana no ka ulu ʻana, ka phosphorus no ka pua, a me ka potassium no ka hua. Ma keʻano laulā, heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia. Akā he mea koʻikoʻi ka nitrogen i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea kanu: hoʻonui i ka nui o nā pua a me nā lau wale nō, akā nā pua a me nā hua. A ʻo ka nui o ka hua, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hua. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui kēia mea i ka nui o nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai, akā i ko lākou ʻano. A mahalo i ka nitrogen, waiho ʻia nā pua pua. ʻO ka nui o lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua.

Ho'ōla i nā ʻeha ma nā lāʻau. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma hope o kahi ikaika, ʻaʻole hoʻōla nā wahi o nā ʻoki a me nā ʻoki no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka hopena, ua emi ka paʻakikī o nā mea kanu: hiki i nā lāʻau i kālai nui ʻia ke maloʻo iki i ka hoʻoilo. A ma luna o ka lāʻau maloʻo, ka maʻi kanesa ʻeleʻele a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e "noho i lalo". ʻO kēia ka wā ʻaʻole lawa ka nitrogen. No laila, ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana, pono e hānai ʻia ka māla me ka nitrogen:

• hana ʻia ka lole mua mua i ʻApelila: 0,5 mau bākeke o ka manure pala a i ʻole 1 - 2 kg o ka manure moa no 1 sq. m kokoke i ka pōʻai kumu;
• ʻo ka lua - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune: nā mea kanu like i nā ʻano like.

Ma kahi o nā mea kūlohelohe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā mea kanu mineral - ammophoska a i ʻole ammonium nitrate (e like me nā kuhikuhi).

Hoʻokē hua. Aia nā lāʻau apple a i ʻole nā ​​pears ma ka pūnaewele no nā makahiki, e ulu ikaika a i lalo, akā ʻaʻole makemake e pua. ʻElima, ʻehiku, ʻumi makahiki i hala, ʻaʻohe ohi ʻai. E kōkua nā mea kanu Nitrogen e hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana. I mea e wikiwiki ai ka pua ʻana o nā lāʻau apple a me nā pear, pono e hoʻohana ʻia i ʻelua mau manawa:

• ʻo ka mua - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka pana: 40 - 50 g no ka pōʻai kumu o kahi lāʻau ʻōpiopio;
• ʻO ka lua - ma mua o ka hopena o ka ulu ʻana o ka pana (i ka hopena o Iune): 80 - 120 g no ka pōʻai kumu.

ʻO ka ammonium nitrate a i ʻole ka urea kūpono. Akā, e hoʻomanaʻo: he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kēia a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i ka nui o ka momona i ka ʻāina maloʻo! Pono e hoʻoinu mua ʻia, a laila hoʻomoʻi ʻia, a laila hoʻoinu hou.

Nā ʻano a me nā inoa o nā fertilizers nitrogen

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā fertilizers nitrogen i 2 mau pūʻulu:

• mea olaola;
• mea pōhaku.

ʻO ka hui mua e pili ana i ka manure a me nā mea i loaʻa iā ia (mullein infusion, humus, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). Akā, ua māhele ʻia ka mineral nitrogen fertilizers i 4 mau pūʻulu:

• amide (urea);
• ammonia (ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium sulfide);
• ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate);
• nitrate (ka sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate).

Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fertilizers nitrogen

Hoʻohana ʻia nā fertilizers Nitrogen mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai a hiki i ka hopena o Iulai - ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma hope, no ka mea, hoʻonāukiuki lākou i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kahi e hoʻopau ai nā mea kanu i ko lākou ikaika a pau i ka pōʻino o ka ʻohi. A ma nā lāʻau kokoke i nā kumu lāʻau, hoʻopaneʻe ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka nitrogen i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpuʻu, ʻaʻohe o lākou manawa e oʻo ai, e hōʻemi ana i ka pale hau o nā lāʻau (2).

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka manure hou. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hāʻule ʻana no ka mea he koʻikoʻi loa ia a hiki ke puhi i nā aʻa. A i ka wā hoʻoilo, he hapa ka decompose a lilo i mea palekana no nā mea kanu.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā fertilizers Nitrogen e like me ka mea nui - hoʻohana ʻia i ka pūnāwai no ka ʻeli ʻana, e like me ke kāʻei kiʻekiʻe i ke kauwela - me ka irrigation, a me kekahi mineral - no ka ʻaʻahu foliar ma luna o nā lau.

ʻO nā mea maikaʻi a me nā pōʻino o ka nitrogen fertilizers

He ʻokoʻa loa nā fertilizers Nitrogen, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o lākou nā pono ponoʻī a me nā pōʻino, akā aia kekahi mau mea maʻamau.

Pros

Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu nitrogen i loko o ka wai, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke kāʻei luna me ka irrigation a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he foliar top dressing for foliar spraying.

Hoʻopili koke ʻia lākou e nā mea kanu. Hiki koke mai ka hopena o kā lākou noi - i loko o kekahi mau lā.

Con

Inā hoʻohana pono ʻia nā mea kanu nitrogen, e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, a laila ʻaʻohe pilikia me lākou. Akā inā hoʻopiha ʻia nā mea kanu me ka nitrogen, hiki ke ʻoluʻolu nā hopena.

Ke momona nei nā mea kanu. ʻIke nui ʻia kēia ma nā huaʻai hua - kukama, ʻōmato a me nā mea hou aku. Hele lākou i nā lau, ʻaʻohe hua. He momona ka ʻuala - ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā ʻuala.

ʻO nā hua, nā hua a me nā perennials maloʻo iki. Inā i ka hapa lua o ke kauwela ua hānai ʻoe i nā mea kanu me ka nitrogen, hiki paha iā lākou ke maloʻo iki. ʻOiai i nā hoʻoilo mālie.

ʻO ka emiʻana o ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo e pili ana me ka nui o ka wai i loko o nā wana. No laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e ʻakaʻaka me ka nitrogen - pono ʻoe e hoʻokō i nā ʻāpana ʻelua a me nā ʻōlelo.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i nā hua, nā ʻuala a me nā ʻōpala. ʻAʻole e wahaheʻe nā ʻuala a me nā ʻōpala no ka manawa lōʻihi - e popopo koke lākou.

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mea kanu i nā maʻi a me nā pests. Inā ʻelua mau mea kanu i loko o ka māla - hoʻokahi fertilized e like me nā lula, a ʻo ka lua o ka overfed, a laila, no ka laʻana, e hoʻouka mua nā aphids a me ka pauka i ka mea kanu overfed.

Hōʻiliʻili nā nitrates i nā huaʻai a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia inā ʻaʻole lawa ka mālamalama o ka mea kanu. No ka laʻana, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau.

Ma ke ala, ʻo nā nitrates, ka mea e hoʻoweliweli mau iā mākou, ʻaʻole ia he mea weliweli. ʻOi aku ka pōʻino ma mua o ka nitrite. Ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka nitrogen, hōʻiliʻili pū nā nitrosamines i nā mea kanu, a he mau carcinogens kēia.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fertilizers nitrogen i ka māla a me ka māla meaʻai

I ka māla, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka mineral nitrogen fertilizers i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua. Inā kaʻawale ka wahi ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau, aia wale nō ka honua, a laila e hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o nā pōʻai kokoke i nā kumu lāʻau a hoʻokomo ʻia i ka lepo me kahi rake. Inā he lau nahele a i ʻole ka turf ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau, hoʻopuehu wale ʻia lākou ma luna o ka ʻili.

I loko o ka māla, hoʻohana ʻia nā mineral nitrogen fertilizers i ka pūnāwai, no ka ʻeli ʻana i ka pūnaewele. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hoʻohana ʻia lākou e like me nā lole - ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a hoʻoinu ʻia ma luna o nā mea kanu. A i ʻole e kāpī ʻia i nā lau inā hōʻike nā mea kanu i nā hōʻailona maopopo o ka nele o ka nitrogen.

Lawe ʻia ka manure hou i loko o ka māla a me ka māla i ka hāʻule no ka ʻeli ʻana (koe naʻe nā māla me kahi lau a i ʻole turf - ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohana i ka manure ma laila). Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka humus i nā lua ma mua o ke kanu ʻana a hoʻohana ʻia i mulch no nā moena a me nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumu lāʻau.

Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā fertilizers nitrogen i ka lepo maʻa (3).

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Ua kamaʻilio mākou i nā nīnau kaulana loa e pili ana i ka nitrogen fertilizers agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Kumuwaiwai o

1. Kovalev ND, Atroshenko MD, Deconnor AV, Litvinenko AN Nā kumu o ka mahiʻai a me ka hoʻoulu hua // M., Selkhozizdat, 1663 - 567 p.
2. Rubin SS Fertilizer o nā hua a me nā hua hua // M., "Kolos", 1974 - 224 p.
3. Ulyanova MA, Vasilenko VI, Zvolinsky VP Ke kuleana o nā mea kanu nitrogen i ka mahiʻai hou // Science, ʻenehana a me ka hoʻonaʻauao, 2016 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/rol-azotnyh-udobreniy-v-sovremennom-selskom-hozyaystve