Wahi a ka World Health Organization (WHO), kaobesity ʻike ʻia e "kahi hōʻuluʻulu kino a nui ʻole paha o ka momona o ke kino i hiki ke hōʻeha i ke olakino".

ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka momona ka hopena o ka ʻai nui ʻana calories pili i ka hoʻolilo ikehu, no kekahi mau makahiki.

Pono e ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka momona mai ke kaupaona, ʻo ia hoʻi ka kaupaona, akā ʻoi aku ka nui. No kāna ʻāpana, kamomona momona he ʻano kiʻekiʻe loa o ka momona. He mea hōʻino loa ia i ke olakino e lilo ana iā 8 a 10 mau makahiki o ke ola⁵⁴.

Hoʻomaopopo i ka momona

ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke hilinaʻi wale i ka kaumaha kahi kanaka e hoʻoholo inā he nui a momona paha lākou. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hana ʻokoʻa e hāʻawi i ka ʻike hou aku a e wānana i ka hopena o ka momona ma ke olakino.

• Helu nui lehulehu (BMI). Wahi a ka WHO, ʻo kēia ka mea pono loa, ʻoiai e hoʻokokoke ʻia, pono hana no ke ana ʻana i ka kaupaona a me ka momona o ka poʻe makua. Hoʻomaulia ʻia kēia papa kuhikuhi ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kaupaona (kg) e ka nui i pahu ʻia (m²). 'Speaklelo mākou i ka nui o ka momona a momona paha ma waena ia o 25 a 29,9; obese ke kaulike a ʻoi aku paha 30; a morbid obesity inā kūlike ia a ʻoi paha ma mua o 40. ʻO ka ke kaumaha kūlike i kahi BMI ma waena o 18,5 a me 25. Kaomi ma aneʻi e hoʻomaulia i kou kino helu papa kuhikuhi (BMI).

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  -ʻO ka hemahema nui o kēia mea hana ana, ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i kekahi ʻike i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mālama momona. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻopili nui ʻia ka momona i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi diabetes a me nā maʻi maʻi ʻōpio ma mua inā pili ʻia i nā pūhaka a me nā ʻūhā, no ka laʻana.

  - Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka BMI ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka nui o os, nāʻiʻo (ka nui o nā mākala) a kona kaikea a (momona momona). No laila, kūpono ʻole ka BMI no ka poʻe me nā iwi nui a i ʻole nā ​​muscular builds nui, e like me ka poʻe ʻaleʻale a me nā bodybuilder;

• ʻO ka pūhaka. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia me ka BMI, hiki iā ia ke hike i ka momona o ka ʻōpū. Pili iamomona o ka ʻōpū ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pūhaka ma mua o 88 cm (34,5 in) no nā wahine a me 102 cm (40 in) no nā kāne. I kēia hihia, hoʻonui nui ʻia nā pilikia olakino (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, maʻi maʻi maʻi, a pēlā aku.) Kaomi ma aneʻi e ʻike ai pehea e ana ai i kou pūhaka.
• Ka lākiō o ka lākiō / puhaka lākiō. Hāʻawi kēia ana i kahi manaʻo ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka mahele o ka momona i ke kino. Manaʻo ʻia ka lākiō ke kiʻekiʻe ka hopena ma mua o 1 no nā kāne, a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0,85 no nā wahine.

Ke hana nei nā kānaka noiʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pono hana hou no ke ana ʻana i ka momona. Ua kāhea ʻia kekahi o lākou papa kuhikuhi momona ou IMA, hoʻokumu ʻia i ke ana ʻana i ke anapuni o ke kīkala a me ke kiʻekiʻe¹⁶. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia a no laila ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau i kēia manawa.

E nānā i ke ola o nā kumu pilikia no ka maʻi, a hoʻokahe koko (keu hoʻi ka ʻike lipid) hāʻawi i ka ʻike waiwai i ke kauka.

Ka momona i nā helu

Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mahele o ka poʻe momona i nā makahiki 30 i hala. Wahi a ka World Health Organization (WHO), ua lawe ʻia ka laha nui o ka momona mahele kaulike nā hualoaʻa a. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kaupaona kaulike e ʻike ʻia i nā hui makahiki āpau, i nā pūʻulu socio-economic āpau¹.

Eia kekahi ʻikepili.

• I ka monde, 1,5 biliona mau mākua mai ka 20 a ʻoi paha o nā makahiki ka nui o ka paona, a ma ka liʻiliʻi he 500 miliona o lākou e kaʻi nui^2,3. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia nā ʻāina kūkulu;
• Au Kanaka, e like me nā ʻike hou loa, 36% o nā mākua i keu kaupaona (BMI> 25) a 25% he mōmona (BMI> 30)⁵ ;
• E ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka poʻe he 20 a ʻoi paha mau makahiki ka nui o ka obesity a ʻo kekahi hapakolu ke kaumaha⁴⁹ ;
• En Palani, kokoke 15% o ka poʻe mākua he nui ka nui, a ma kahi o ka hapakolu ka nui o ka momona⁵⁰.

Nā kumu lehulehu

Ke hoʻāʻo mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu e laha nui ai ka momona, ʻike mākou i kēlā nui nā kumu a ʻaʻole kau wale ma ke kanaka wale nō. ʻO ke aupuni, nā kaona, nā kula, ka ʻāpana agri-meaʻai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hāpai i kahi kuleana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā wahi momona.

Hoʻohana mākou i ka manaʻo kaiapuni momona e wehewehe i kahi nohona e hāʻawi i ka momona:

• hiki ke loaʻa i nā meaʻai waiwai ka mauu. Eia paʻakai a kōpaʻa, caloric loa a ʻaʻole momona loa (ʻai ʻōpala);
• ala o ke ola kūlohelohe et manaʻo kaumaha ;
• ʻaʻole kūpono ka nohona i ka lawe ʻana i ka hana (ke hele wāwae, ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa).

Ua lilo kēia nohona momona i mea maʻamau i kekahi mau ʻāina hana a loaʻa i nā ʻāina kūkulu e like me ka lawe ʻana o ka poʻe i ke ʻano o ke ola o ke Komohana.

ʻO ka poʻe nona ka genetics i maʻalahi e loaʻa ke kaupaona e hāʻule pinepine i ka nohona momona. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka susceptibility pili i ka gen ke alakaʻi i ka momona ma kāna iho. ʻO kahi laʻana, 80% o nā Pima Indians ma ʻAlikona i kēia lā e ʻeha i ka momona. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā i ukali ai lākou i kahi ʻano kuʻuna o ke ola, ʻoi loa ka momona.

Nā hopena

Hiki i ka momona ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o nā mea he nui maʻi mau. E hoʻomaka ana nā pilikia olakino e hōʻike ma hope o 10 mau makahiki ka nui⁷.

Pilikia nui ua hoʻonuiʻia¹ :

• ʻano 2 diabetes (90% o ka poʻe me kēia ʻano diabetes e pilikia i ka momona a i ʻole ka momona³);
• d'hypertension;
• nā pōhaku ʻaʻa a me nā pilikia o ka gallbladder ʻē aʻe;
• dyslipidemia (pae lipid maʻamau i loko o ke koko);
• pōkole o ka hanu a me ka hou;
• ʻāpana moe.

Pilikia hoʻonui iki ʻia :

• nā pilikia o ka maʻi puʻuwai: nā maʻi o ke aʻa, nā pōʻino o ka cerebrovascular (hahau), nā puʻuwai puʻuwai, arrhythmia naʻau;
• osteoarthritis o ke kuli;
• o ka gout.

Pilikia hoʻonui iki ʻia :

• kekahi mau maʻi ʻaʻai: nā maʻi ʻaʻaʻa hilinaʻi ʻia ma ka hormone (i nā wahine, ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka endometrium, ka umauma, ka ovary, ka maʻi pūhaka; i nā kāne, ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate) a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana digestive (cancer of the colon, gallbladder, pancreas, ate, kidney);
• hoʻemi i ka momona, i nā kāne ʻelua;
• o dementia, ʻehaʻeha hope, phlebitis a me gastroesophageal reflux maʻi.

ʻO ke ala e hāʻawi ʻia ai ka momona ma luna o ke kino, ma kahi o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka hiʻupuʻu, hana nui i ke ʻano o nā maʻi. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o ka momona i loko o ka ʻōpū, ʻano maʻamau oAndroid momona, ʻoi aku ka makaʻu ma mua o ka mahele like o ka like (momona momona). Loaʻa nā kāne ma ka awelika 2 manawa ʻoi aku ka momona o ka ʻōpū ma mua o nā wahine premenopausal¹.

ʻO ka hopohopo, kekahi o kēia mau maʻi maʻi mau, e like me ka maʻi diabetes type 2, i kēia manawa e kū nei i loko o ka'ōpiopio, hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o nā ʻōpio keu a keu a momona hoʻi.

Loaʻa i ka poʻe Obese kahi ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o ke ola e kūnewa⁹ a ola ola ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka poʻe i kaupaona olakino^9-11 . Eia kekahi, ke wānana nei nā ʻoihana olakino ʻo ka poʻe ʻōpio i kēia lā ka hanauna mua o nā keiki nona ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ko nā mākua, no ka nui o ka pinepine.obesity keiki⁵¹.

ʻO ka hope, hiki i ka momona ke lilo i kaumaha kaumaha. E manaʻo kekahi poʻe he kāpae ʻia lākou mai ke kaiāulu no ka mea hae o ka nani hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻoihana ʻoihana a me ka pāpāho. Ke kū nei i ka paʻakikī o ka lilo ʻana o kā lākou kaumaha nui, e ʻike ka poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka pīhoihoi nui a i ʻole ka hopohopo, hiki ke hele a hiki i ke kaumaha.