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He aha ka opisthorchiasis?
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka opisthorchiasis e nā helminths (hepatic trematodes) e pili ana i ke ake a me ka pancreas. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻo ka nui o ka poʻe i maʻi i ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma kahi o 21 miliona mau kānaka, me ʻelua hapakolu o nā maʻi āpau e loaʻa ana i ka opisthorchiasis e noho ana ma Rusia. ʻO ka pilikia koʻikoʻi o ke kaʻa helminth aia ma ka ʻāina Dnieper a ma ka ʻāina Siberian (ma Western a me Eastern Siberia).
ʻO nā kumu o ka opisthorchiasis
ʻO ke kumu o ke ʻano o ka opisthorchiasis i loko o ke kanaka ʻo ka pōpoki, a i ʻole Siberian, fluke (Opisthorchis felineus). ʻO ka mea kumu o ka maʻi parasitizes i loko o ke akepaʻa, gallbladder a me kona mau ducts, a me ka pancreas o ke kanaka, nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio. He kanaka mai a holoholona paha ke kumu o ka ma'i. ʻO nā hua parasite, me nā feces o ka mea lawe i ka maʻi, komo i loko o ka wai, kahi e ale ʻia ai e nā snails. I loko o ke kino o nā snails, ʻike ʻia nā larva mai nā hua a hana hou lākou. A laila komo nā larvae i ke ʻano o cercariae i ka wai, me ke kahe o ka wai e komo lākou i loko o ke kino o cyprinid. ʻO ka maʻi o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona me ka opisthorchiasis e loaʻa i ka wā e ʻai ai i ka iʻa, ʻaʻole i lawa ka mālama wela o ka ʻiʻo, paʻakai ʻia a maloʻo ʻole. Aia paha i loko o ia i'a nā i'a e ho'opilikia i ke kanaka a me kekahi mau mammals. I ka endemic focus, loaʻa pinepine ka maʻi i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā mea ʻoki holoi ʻole ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana o ka iʻa, i ka wā e kuke ai a ʻokiʻoki paha i nā huahana no laila ʻaʻole hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau wela hou (berena, hua, etc.).
I loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka a holoholona paha, ua luku ʻia ka capsule metacercariae, ua uhaʻi ka larva i ka membrane hyaline ma kāna iho, aia i loko o ka duodenum, a laila e komo nā larvae parasite i ka gallbladder a me kāna mau ducts a me ka pancreas. I ka hana ʻana i nā kaʻina hana diagnostic, ʻike ʻia ka opisthorchia i loko o nā ducts i loko o ke ake a me ka bile ducts i 100% o nā maʻi, ʻike ʻia nā pathogens i loko o ka gallbladder i 60% o nā mea i hoʻouka ʻia, ma ka pancreas - i 36% o nā maʻi. ʻO ka metacercariae i komo i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hepatobiliary a me ka pancreas e lilo i mea makua kāne ma hope o 3-4 mau pule a hoʻomaka e hoʻohua. No laila, ʻo ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā parasites e mau ana mai ʻehā a ʻehā a me ka hapa mahina a loaʻa nā pae āpau o ka ulu ʻana o ka pathogen - mai ka hua manu a hiki i ke kanaka makua, a laila hoʻomaka nā helminths makua e hoʻohua. I loko o ke kino o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka pūʻali hope o nā parasites, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻouka ʻana ma hope o ka maʻi hou ʻana. ʻO ke ola o nā pathogens he 20-25 mau makahiki.
Nā hōʻailona o ka opisthorchiasis
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka opisthorchiasis e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kino, ka ikaika o ka maʻi a me ka manawa i hala mai ka wā i loaʻa ai ka maʻi. ʻO ka maʻi he maʻi a maʻi paha. I ka pae koʻikoʻi, mau ka maʻi i 4-8 mau pule, i kekahi mau manawa e hoʻomau ka pathology no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka opisthorchiasis maʻi no nā makahiki: 15-25 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha.
I ka wā maʻi, ʻike nā mea maʻi i kēia mau hōʻailona: ke kuni, ka ʻili ʻili e like me ka urticaria, nā ʻiʻo ʻeha a me nā hui. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoʻomaka ka poʻe maʻi e hopohopo e pili ana i ka ʻeha ma ka hypochondrium kūpono, hōʻike ka hoʻokolokolo i ka piʻi ʻana o ke ake a me ka gallbladder. A laila e ʻeha i ka ʻāina epigastric, nausea, luaʻi, heartburn e hui pū me nā hōʻike o ka pathology, lilo ka stool o nā mea maʻi i ka wai, ʻike ʻia ka flatulence, a emi ka makemake. I ka fibrogastroscopic hōʻike diagnosed erosive gastroduodenitis, kaha ulceration o ka'ōpū mucosa a me ka duodenum. I kekahi mau hihia, loaʻa ka opisthorchiasis me nā hōʻailona o ke ʻano o nā maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka bronchitis asthmatic.
I ka papa mau o ka maʻi, ua nui nā hōʻailona o ka opisthorchiasis me nā hōʻike o ka cholecystitis maʻi, gastroduodenitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis: hoʻopiʻi ka mea maʻi i ka ʻeha mau i ka hypochondrium pono, he paroxysmal i ke ʻano a like me ka biliary colic i loko. ko lākou ikaika, ʻoiai hiki ke neʻe ka ʻeha i ka umauma ʻaoʻao ʻākau. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia ka maʻi e: dyspeptic syndrome, ʻeha i ka wā palpation i ka gallbladder, dyskinesia o ka gallbladder. I ka wā lōʻihi, pili ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū i ke kaʻina pathological, i hele pū ʻia me nā hōʻailona i loaʻa i ka gastroduodenitis, pancreatitis a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hana maʻamau o ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ka hoʻouka ʻana hoʻi ke kumu i nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana nūnū waena, i hōʻike ʻia i nā hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻana o nā maʻi e pili ana i ka emi ʻana o ka hana, irritability, pilikia hiamoe, headache a me ka dizziness. He haʻalulu nō hoʻi ka lihilihi, ke alelo, nā manamana lima ma nā lima. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ke kūlana Asthenic me ka nāwaliwali ākea, ka wikiwiki o ke kino a me ka luhi noʻonoʻo. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki mai ka maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana nerve, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēlā mau maʻi me ka neurocirculatory dystonia a i ʻole autonomic neurosis.
ʻO ka opisthorchiasis maʻi, i hele pū ʻia me kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi, hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻili o ka ʻili, urticaria, edema Quincke, arthralgia, allergies meaʻai. ʻO ka kikoʻī o ka opisthorchiasis maʻi ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope o ka hoʻopau piha ʻana o nā parasites, hiki i ka mea maʻi ke hoʻololi i nā loli i loko o nā ʻōpū. Loaʻa nā maʻi i ka maʻi hepatitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis, gastritis, nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pale. No kēlā mau maʻi, he mea nui nā kaʻina hana olakino ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka papa holoʻokoʻa o ka mālama ʻana, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka gallbladder, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ate, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā kaʻina hana digestion.
Ma muli o ka palaho o nā pathogens, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kā lākou mau huahana metabolic, a ma muli o ka necrosis o nā ʻiʻo ponoʻī o ke kino, hiki mai ka ʻona, i hele pū ʻia me kahi hopena maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā helminths ('ōpiopio i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā kanaka makua i ka nui o ka nui) e hōʻeha i ka epithelium o ka bile a me ka pancreatic ducts, ʻoiai e hoʻomaka ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka hyperplastic tissue regeneration. Ma waena o nā hopena o ka maʻi, aia nō hoʻi ka hewa mechanical o ka puka ʻana o ka bile a me ka wai pancreatic ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā parasites, nā hua o nā pathogens, mucus, a me nā cell epithelial i nā ducts.
ʻO nā pilikia koʻikoʻi loa o ka opisthorchiasis he biliary peritonitis, abscess, cirrhosis a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi ate mua, kekahi mau ʻano pathological o ka pancreas, e like me ka maʻi pancreatic destructive, ka maʻi maʻi pancreatic, ka mea i loaʻa i nā hihia loa.
lapaʻau
I ka pae mua (hoʻomākaukau) o ka mālama ʻana i ka opisthorchiasis, lawe ʻia nā hana e hoʻōki i nā hopena maʻi, hoʻomaha i ka mumū o ka biliary tract a me ka gastrointestinal tract, e hōʻoia i ka puka maʻamau o ka bile a me ka wai pancreatic, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o nā hepatocytes, hoʻomaha i ka ʻona, hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka papa lua o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka maikaʻi o ka hana hoʻomākaukau. I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, pono nā mea maʻi e hahai i kahi meaʻai kūikawā: pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā meaʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kā lākou ʻai. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā antihistamines, sorbents. I kekahi mau hihia, pono nā mea maʻi e lawe i nā prokinetics, antispasmodics, probiotics a me nā enzymes.
I ka pae o ke kala ʻana i ka papa maʻi o ka maʻi, ʻo ka papa o ka hoʻomākaukau hoʻomākaukau ʻana ma kahi o ʻelua pule, inā loaʻa ka mea maʻi i nā hōʻailona o ka cholangitis, pancreatitis a i ʻole hepatitis, a laila ʻo ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau he 2-3 mau pule.
I ka papa ʻelua o ka mālama ʻana, lawe ʻia ka lāʻau anthelmintic ākea ākea, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā trematodes a me nā cystodes. Ma muli o nā hopena koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e lawe ʻia i loko o kahi haukapila, ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana o ke kauka.
I ke kolu o ka pae (hoʻoponopono), hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia nā hana kaʻa a me nā mea huna o nā ʻōpū o loko i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka helminthic invasion. Lawe ʻia ʻo Tubage me xylitol, sorbitol, magnesium sulfate, wai mineral, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā laxatives no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻohui ʻia ka mālama paʻakikī e nā hepatoprotectors, nā lāʻau lapaʻau choleretic.
Hoʻemi ʻia nā hana pale i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa ma kahi mahana ma lalo o -40 ° C no 7 mau hola a i ʻole ma kahi mahana ma lalo o -28 ° C no 32 mau hola, ua paʻakai ʻia i ka brine me ka nui o 1,2 g / l ma 2 ° C no 10-40 mau lā (ʻo ka manawa hoʻolaha e pili ana i ka nui o ka iʻa), ua hoʻolapalapa ʻia no ka liʻiliʻi o 20 mau minuke mai ka manawa i hoʻolapalapa ai ka hupa a i ʻai ʻia paha ma kahi o 20 mau minuke i loko o kahi pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.