Pale grebe (Amanita phalloides) kiʻi a me ka wehewehe

ʻO Amanita phalloides

• Lele agaric green
• Lele agaric keʻokeʻo

Ma nā ʻāina ʻōlelo Pelekania, ua loaʻa i ka Pale grebe ka inoa kaulana ʻo "death cap" - "death cap", "death cap".

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo no kēia ʻano he:

• ʻano ʻeke volva keʻokeʻo a puni ke kumu o ka wāwae
• ke komo lima
• papa keʻokeʻo
• kiʻi keʻokeʻo o ka pauka spore
• nele o na awawa ma ka papale

ʻO ka pāpale o ka Pale Grebe ka mea maʻamau i nā aka o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu ke kumu hilinaʻi loa no ka ʻike ʻana i kēia haʻo, no ka mea he ʻano loli. I kekahi manawa mau nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka pāpale, nā koena o kahi pale maʻamau.

Ke po'o: 4-16 knm ke anawaena, ma ka mua aneane puni a oval paha. Me ka ulu ʻana, lilo ia i convex, a laila ākea convex, flat-convex, a palahalaha i loko o nā halo kahiko loa. He laumania ka ʻili o ka pāpale, ʻōhule, pipili i ka wā pulu a ʻālohilohi i ka wā maloʻo. Mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele a hiki i ka ʻoliva, melemele a ʻeleʻele (ke ulu pinepine nā ʻano "albino" keʻokeʻo me nā ʻano pāpale kala). I loko o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā kala ʻoliva, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā fiber radial ʻeleʻele, ma nā grebes ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻaʻole i haʻi ʻia kēia mau fiber, i nā kala brownish hiki ke paʻakikī ke ʻike. Ma nā pāpale'ōpiopio paha he mau'āpana keʻokeʻo, "warts", nā koena o kahi pale kahi e ulu ai ka'ōpuʻu o ka haʻiki, e like me kaʻulaʻula lele agaric kaulana. Akā, i loko o ka pale grebe, nalowale kēia mau "warts" me ka makahiki: hāʻule lākou a holoi ʻia paha e ka ua.

papa: manuahi a aneane manuahi. Keʻokeʻo (i kekahi manawa me kahi'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo liʻiliʻi). pinepine, ākea.

wawae: 5-18 knm ki'eki'e a me 1-2,5 knm manoanoa. Cylindrical, waena. ʻOi aku a liʻiliʻi paha, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ka piko a hoʻonui i kahi kumu mānoanoa. ʻOhule a ʻeleʻele paha. Keʻokeʻo a i ʻole me nā aka o ke kala o ka pāpale, hiki ke uhi ʻia me kahi hiʻohiʻona moire nani. Ma ka ʻāpana kū pololei, ʻike ʻia ka ʻōpuʻu a i ʻole he ʻāpana ʻāpana i kekahi manawa, me kahi lua waena liʻiliʻi, me nā mea hoʻopiha i loko o nā fiber me ka longitudinally oriented, me nā tunnel larval e like me ke kala o ka ʻiʻo.

ke komo lima: keʻokeʻo, nui, ikaika, hāʻule iki, e like me ka pāpaʻu o ka balerina. ʻO luna me nā kaha radial liʻiliʻi, ʻili iki ka ʻili o lalo. Noho mau ke apo ma ke kumu no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā nalowale kekahi manawa.

Volvo: ʻano ʻeke, keʻokeʻo, ʻano kīʻaha, manuahi, hoʻopaʻa i ke kumu mānoanoa o ka wāwae. ʻO ka pinepine o ke kumu o ke kumu a me Volvo he haʻahaʻa loa, ma ka pae honua, a hiki ke hūnā ʻia e nā lau.

Pulp: keʻokeʻo holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole e loli ke kala ke haki, ʻoki a ʻeha paha.

honi: i loko o nā halo ʻōpiopio, ʻaʻahu ʻoluʻolu, ʻoluʻolu. I ka wā kahiko, ua ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻoluʻolu, ʻono.

hoao: e like me ka moʻolelo, he nani ʻole ka ʻono o ka toadstool pale. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻono o ka haʻo maka he "ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻahu". Ma muli o ka ʻawaʻawa loa o ka pale grebe, ʻaʻole nui ka poʻe i makemake e hoʻāʻo i ka halo, e like me kou hoʻomaopopo ʻana. A manaʻo ikaika mākou e hōʻole i kēlā mau ʻono.

pauda spore: Keʻokeʻo.

Nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa 7-12 x 6-9 microns, ʻoluʻolu, ʻoluʻolu, ellipsoid, amyloid.

ʻO Basidia 4-spored, me ka ʻole o nā paʻi.

ʻIke ʻia ka grebe pale i ka mycorrhiza me nā lāʻau deciduous. ʻO ka mea mua, hōʻike ʻia ka ʻoka, linden, birch, liʻiliʻi pinepine - maple, hazel.

Ke ulu nei ia ma ka lau ākea a me ka lau, hui pū ʻia me nā ululāʻau deciduous. Makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi mālamalama, nā wahi liʻiliʻi.

Hōʻike ka Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary, ka Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary a me ka Encyclopedia o ka mea ʻohi halo i kahi o ka ulu a me nā ululāʻau coniferous.

Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela a i ka waena waena, Iune - ʻOkakopa.

Hāʻawi ʻia ma waena o ko mākou ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe me kahi ʻāina ʻāina: Belarus, our country, loaʻa ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa.

Ua like ka North American Pale Grebe me ka European Amanita phalloides maʻamau, ua hoʻolauna ʻia i ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i Kaleponi a me ka ʻāina ʻo New Jersey a ke hoʻonui nei i kona ākea ma ke Komohana Komohana a me Mid-Atlantic.

He mea make ka halo.

ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi hiki ke make.

ʻAʻohe ʻikepili hilinaʻi e pili ana i ke ʻano i manaʻo ʻia "ua make". Aia nā mana like ʻole. No laila, ke hōʻike nei kekahi mau kumu i ka lawa o ka 1 g o ka mushroom ma 1 kg o ke kaumaha ola no ka make make. Manaʻo ka mea kākau o kēia memo he manaʻo maikaʻi loa kēia mau ʻikepili.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka Pale grebe ʻaʻole hoʻokahi, akā he nui nā toxins. ʻO nā meaʻawaʻawa i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia mai ka pulp o ka haʻakai he polypeptides. ʻEkolu mau pūʻulu o nā toxins i ʻike ʻia: amatoxins (amanitin α, β, γ), phalloidins a me phallolysins.

ʻO nā Amatoxins ke kuleana no ka pōʻino o ke kino. ʻO ka nui make o ka amatoxin he 0,1-0,3 mg / kg o ke kaumaha o ke kino; ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi halo hoʻokahi hiki ke make (40 g o nā haloo he 5-15 mg o amanitin α).

He mau alkaloids ka Phallotoxins, aia wale no ma ka wawae o ka grebe pale a me ka lele agaric. Hoʻopau kēia mau meaʻawaʻawa i ka hana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū i loko o nā hola 6-8, kahi e wikiwiki ai i ka absorption o amatoxins.

ʻO ka insidiousness o ka Pale grebe ʻaʻole i ʻike koke ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka lāʻau make, akā ma hope o 6-12, a i kekahi manawa 30-40 mau hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka halo, i ka wā i hana mua ai nā mea make i kahi hahau weliweli i ke ake, nā puʻupaʻa a me nā mea āpau. nā ʻōpū o loko.

ʻIke ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka make ʻana o Pale Toadstool i ka wā e komo ai ka lāʻau make i ka lolo:

• nausea
• luaʻi paʻa ʻole
• ʻeha ʻoi koke ma ka ʻōpū
• nawaliwali
• convulsions
• headache
• ua pōʻino ka hihiʻo
• hoʻohui ʻia ka maʻi maʻi ma hope, pinepine me ke koko

Ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua, i ka manawa koke kāhea aku i kahi kaʻa kaʻa.

ʻO Pale grebe kahi halo i ʻike maʻalahi ʻia no ka mea ʻohi ʻohi haʻi. Akā, aia kekahi mau helu e hiki ai i nā hewa make:

• 'Opiopio loa ka halo, "ho'o" wale mai ka hua manu, pōkole ke kumu, 'a'ole 'ike 'ia ke apo: i kēia hihia, hiki ke kuhi 'ia ka Pale grebe no kekahi mau 'ano lana.
• ʻelemakule loa nā halo, ua hāʻule ke apo, i kēia hihia, hiki ke kuhi ʻia ka Pale grebe no kekahi mau ʻano lana.
• ua kahiko loa nā halo, ua hāʻule ke apo, a ua hūnā ʻia ka Volvo i loko o nā lau, a laila hiki ke kuhihewa ka Pale grebe no kekahi mau ʻano russula a i ʻole nā ​​lālani.
• ulu nā halo i hui pū ʻia me kahi ʻano mea ʻai i ʻike ʻia e ka mea ʻohi ʻohi, nā lana like, russula a i ʻole champignons, i kēia hihia, i ka wela o ka ʻohi, hiki iā ʻoe ke nalowale i kou makaʻala.
• ʻoki ʻia nā halo me ka pahi kiʻekiʻe, ma lalo o ka pāpale

Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo maʻalahi loa:

• e nānā i kēlā me kēia haʻuki e like paha me ka grebe haʻalulu no nā hōʻailona ʻano āpau
• ʻAʻole loa e ʻohi i kahi mea i ʻoki ʻia a hoʻolei ʻia i nā pāpale ʻala me nā papa keʻokeʻo
• i ka wā e ʻohi nui ai i ka russula ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā lana māmā a me nā champignons ʻōpio, e nānā pono i kēlā me kēia mushroom
• inā ʻoe i ʻohi i kahi halo "hoʻohuoi" a manaʻo ʻoe i ka pale grebe i loko, holoi pono i kou mau lima ma ka nahele.

Inā pili loa ka Pale Grebe i nā halo ʻai ʻē aʻe, hiki anei ke ʻohi a ʻai i kēia mau halo?

Hoʻoholo kēlā me kēia kanaka i kēia nīnau nona iho. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka meli agaric ʻaʻole au e lawe.

He ʻoiaʻiʻo anei ma ka Pale Grebe, ʻaʻole ʻo ka ʻiʻo wale nō ka mea ʻawaʻawa, akā ʻo nā spores kekahi?

ʻAe he ʻoiaʻiʻo. Manaʻo ʻia he mea make nā spores a me ka mycelium. No laila, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pale grebe i loko o kāu hīnaʻi me nā halo ʻē aʻe, e noʻonoʻo: pono anei e hoʻāʻo e holoi i nā halo? ʻOi aku ka palekana o ka hoʻolei wale ʻana iā lākou?

ʻO ka wikiō e pili ana i ka mushroom Pale grebe:

Hoʻohana ʻia nā kiʻi mai nā nīnau ma ka ʻatikala a me ka hale kiʻi o ka ʻatikala.