ʻO nā phalanges nā iwi liʻiliʻi lōʻihi e hoʻohui e hana i nā manamana lima a me nā manamana wāwae, no laila ke kumu o ka iwi. ʻO kēia mau iwi iwi liʻiliʻi he ʻekolu ia no nā manamana lōʻihi i kapa ʻia, a ʻelua no ka manamana nui a me ka manamana nui. Etymologically, hele mai kēia huaʻōlelo mai ka Greek "phalagx » ʻo ia hoʻipaukū paukū lāʻau, lāʻau". ʻO ka phalanx mua o ka manamana lima e hōʻike mau me ka metacarpal o ka lima a i ʻole ka metatarsal o ka wāwae. No nā phalanges ʻē aʻe, haʻi ʻia lākou i waena o lākou iho. No laila ʻo ka phalanx kahi ʻāpana iwi i haʻi ʻia me nā phalanges ʻē aʻe i ka pae o nā hono interphalangeal: ʻo kēia ka mea e hāʻawi i nā manamana lima i kā lākou neʻe a me ka wikiwiki. ʻO nā pathologies pinepine o nā phalanges he mau haʻihaʻi, ʻo ka mālama ʻana he orthopedic pinepine ia, e laʻa me ka splint, a i kekahi manawa ʻoki kino, i ka manawa e hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāʻī o nā ʻalolo a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāʻī i ka haki.

ʻO ka phalanx kahi ʻāpana iwi i haʻi ʻia: ʻo ia ke iwi o ka manamana lima a i ʻole ka manamana wāwae, a hoʻokomo ʻia nā mākala ʻokoʻa ma kēia mau ʻāpana iwi. Hoʻonoho pākū ʻia, ma kēlā me kēia manamana, ma luna o kekahi, ʻike ʻia nā phalanges i mua a i ʻole metacarpals, kekona a i waena paha, a ʻekolu a ungual paha.

No laila nā phalanges i nā iwi mamao loa o ka lima, a i ʻole ka wāwae. Loaʻa i nā manamana lōʻihi he ʻekolu mau phalanges ma kēlā me kēia manamana, ma ka lima ʻē aʻe ka manamana nui, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo pollux, a i ʻole ka manamana nui, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo hallux, ʻelua wale nō. ʻO ka phalanx distal ka mea e hāpai i ke kui, ʻo ka phalanx proximal ka mea ma ke aʻa o ka manamana lima. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, he ʻumikumamāhā mau phalanges ma kēlā me kēia lima, a ʻo ka nui o kēlā me kēia wāwae, e hana ana i nā phalanges he kanalimakumamāono.

ʻO nā hono e hoʻohui i nā phalanges i kekahi i kekahi e kapa ʻia nā hono interphalangeal. ʻO ka phalanx kokoke loa i ka metacarpus i kapa ʻia ʻo phalanx proximal, ʻo ka phalanx waena i kapa ʻia ʻo phalangina, a ʻo ka phalanx e waiho ana ma ka wēlau o ka manamana lima, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo phalx distal, kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo phalangette.

ʻO ka hana o nā phalanges e hāʻawi i nā manamana lima i kā lākou wikiwiki, kā lākou neʻe a kikoʻī i kēia mea ʻokoʻa ʻo ia ka lima. No kēia, hoʻopuni ʻia nā wēlau o nā phalanges i ka pae o ka articulation me nā iwi ʻē aʻe, kahi e waiho ai nā kiko heleuma no nā ligament phalangeal. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻolaha nā phalanges proximal o nā manamana lima āpau me nā iwi metacarpal a me nā phalanges waena e haʻi pono me nā phalanges distal. A ke kamaʻilio nei kēia mau phalanges, ʻoi aku ka pololei, me nā phalanges ʻē aʻe, ma ka pae o nā hono interphalangeal.

ʻO nā ʻeha o nā manamana lima, ma ka pae o nā phalanges, hiki ke lilo i traumatic i kumu, akā me ka rheumatological, neurological a i ʻole congenital. Akā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā pathologies pinepine o nā phalanges e lilo i mau haʻihaʻi. "Hiki i nā haʻihaʻi o nā lima ke paʻakikī me ka deformity inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia, ʻoʻoleʻa me ka hana hoʻomāinoino, a me ka deformity a me ka ʻoʻoleʻa me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻole.", Ua aʻo aku i ka ʻepekema ʻAmelika ma ka inoa o Swanson.

ʻO nā haki o nā pasterns a me nā phalanges no laila ka trauma maʻamau i ka hopena, a 70% o lākou e kū nei ma waena o nā makahiki o 11 a me 45 mau makahiki. Kū pinepine nā haki o nā phalanges ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka trauma ma ka hāʻule ʻana, a i ʻole me ka haki ʻana. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi, kū lākou ma hope o ka haʻalulu liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻole o ka trauma i kahi iwi pathological (nāwaliwali ʻia e kahi iwi iwi). ʻO ka maʻamau o kēia mau tumors ka chondroma, kahi tumo benign nāna e hoʻonāwaliwali ka iwi i nā makahiki.

I ka iwakalua mua^e kenekulia, ua hoʻōla ʻia kēia mau haʻihaʻi phalanx me ka ʻole o ke kaha ʻana, a ʻo ka hapanui o lākou e hoʻomau ʻia e mālama maikaʻi ʻia i kēia lā me ka ʻole o ke ʻoki. ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka lapaʻau kūpono ma muli o nā kumu he nui, e like me waena o nā wahi o ka haki (articular a i ʻole extra-articular), kona geometry (transverse, spiral a oblique, haki) a i ʻole ka deformation.

ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau haki he orthopedic, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka splint. ʻO ka mea kākaʻikahi loa, pono e hoʻohana i ke kahakaha, keu hoʻi ke pili nā leona pili o nā aʻalolo a i ʻole nā ​​uaua. Pono ka immobilization ma waena o ʻehā a me ʻewalu mau pule, ʻaʻole hou i mea e hōʻalo ai i ke ʻano o ka ʻoʻoleʻa hui.

Hōʻike pinepine ka trauma mua i ka haki, a ʻaʻole hiki i kahi mea maʻi me ka manamana lima haʻihaʻi ke neʻe iā ia.

• Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona: clinically, e nānā no ke kū ʻana o ka mumū, deformity, hematoma, deficit a me ka ʻeha ma ka palpation o ka iwi. Maikaʻi ke hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e wehewehe pono i nā kiʻi uila e lawe ʻia;
• Radiology: lawa pinepine nā x-ray maʻalahi e hoʻokumu i ka ʻike o ka haki o hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha nā phalanges. I kekahi manawa e pono, i kekahi mau hihia kikoʻī hou aku, e noi i kahi CT a MRI paha e hoʻokō ʻia e kuhikuhi ai i ke ʻano o ka haki. ʻO kēia mau loiloi hou e hiki ai ke hoʻopau i ka loiloi ma mua o kahi hiki ke komo.

ʻO Count Jean-François de La Pérouse he mea mākaʻikaʻi Farani o ka XVIII^e kenekulia. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i loko o kekahi o kāna mau hana e wehewehe ana i kāna huakaʻi a puni ka honua (Voyage, Tome III, p. 214) kahi hana kupaianaha loa: "ʻO ka hana maʻamau o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā phalanges ʻelua o ka manamana liʻiliʻi e laha loa i waena o kēia mau lāhui e like me ia ma nā mokupuni ʻo Cocos a me Traitor, a ʻo kēia māka o ke kaumaha no ka nalo ʻana o kahi hoahānau a hoa aloha paha i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma nā Mokupuni o nā Pūnaewele.", Kākau ʻo ia.

Hoʻohui ʻia, pili kekahi moʻolelo pili i ka phalanges i kahi astronaut nui: no laila, i ka makahiki 1979, ʻoiai ʻo Neil Armstrong e hana ana i kāna mahiʻai, ua haehae ʻo ia i kahi phalanx, i ka manawa i paʻa ai kāna kuʻikahi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka trailer o kāna tractor, e like me lele ʻo ia i ka honua. Me ka ʻoluʻolu, kiʻi ʻo ia i ka piko o kona manamana lima, hoʻokomo i loko o ka hau, a hele i ka haukapila. Hiki i nā kauka ke humuhumu iā ia.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua kū kekahi alo mokulele ʻAmelika kekahi moʻolelo ʻē aʻe me kahi moʻolelo pūʻiwa: ʻo Donald Slayton ia. I kona mau makahiki he ʻelima wale nō, ua hōʻoki nui ʻo Donald Kent Slayton, ka mea hele i mua o ka mikiona Apollo-Soyuz, i ka phalanx pili o kona manamana lima hema i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e kōkua i kona makuakāne i kāna ʻoki mauʻu i huki ʻia e nā lio ʻelua. I ka manawa, ʻumikūmākolu mau makahiki ma hope, i ka 1942, ua hala ʻo ia i nā hoʻokolohua olakino me ka pahuhopu e hoʻohui i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka pailaka mokulele pūʻali koa, makaʻu ʻo ia e holo pono ʻole ma muli o kāna phalanx nalo. ʻAʻole pēlā. ʻO nā kauka e mālama ana iā ia e nānā ana i ka nānā ʻana i nā lula o ka Air Force, ua ʻike lākou me ke kahaha i ka manamana lima o ka lima hema inā he lima ʻākau (a i ʻole ka manamana lima o ka lima ʻākau inā ʻo "hema mākou" hāʻawi lima) ʻo ia wale nō ka manamana ʻoki ʻoki ʻia i kū ʻole i kekahi pilikia. No laila ua manaʻo ka Air Force ʻo ia, ma ke ʻano, ʻo ka manamana lima "ʻole" wale nō! ʻO kahi manawa kūpono iā Donal Slayton nāna i loaʻa nā ʻēheu o kāna pailaka i ka makahiki aʻe, i ka 1943, ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope, i ʻApelila 1953, ʻo ia kekahi o ka hui o nā astronauts ʻehiku mua. A, no ka moʻolelo, e ʻike e komo ʻo ia i kāna apo mare ... ma ka manamana liʻiliʻi.