Contents
Flammulaster šipovatyj (Flammulaster muricatus)
- Māhele: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Māhele: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Papa: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Papa haʻahaʻa: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- Kauoha: Agaricales (Agaric a i ʻole Lamellar)
- ʻOhana: Inocybaceae (Fibrous)
- Ka mea puhi ahi (Flammulaster)
- Type: Flammulaster muricatus (Flammulaster šipovatyj)
:
- Flammulaster prickly
- ʻO Agaricus muricatus Fr.
- Pholiota muricata (Fr.) P. Kumm.
- Dryophila muricata (Fr.) Quel.
- Naucoria muricata (Fr.) Kuehner & Romagn.
- Phaeomarasmius muricatus (Fr.) Mea mele
- Flocculina muricata (Fr.) PD Orton
- ʻO Flammulaster denticulatus PD Orton
He inoa ʻepekema piha: Flammulaster muricatus (Fr.) Watling, 1967
moʻolelo ʻauhau:
I ka makahiki 1818, ua wehewehe ʻepekema ʻo Elias Magnus Fries ka mea ʻepekema ʻepekema o Suedena i kēia haʻo, a hāʻawi iā ia i ka inoa ʻo Agaricus muricatus. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻololi ka Scotsman Roy Watling i kēia ʻano i ka genus Flammulaster i ka makahiki 1967, a ma hope iho ua loaʻa iā ia kona inoa ʻepekema ʻo Flammulaster muricatus.
Ke po'o: 4 – 20 mm ke anawaena, hiki i kekahi manawa ke hiki i ekolu kenimika. ʻO ka mua hemispherical me ka ʻaoʻao curved a me kahi pale i manaʻo ʻia ma lalo o nā papa. I ka oʻo ʻana o ke kino hua, lilo ia i convex-prostrate me kahi tubercle liʻiliʻi, conical. ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, i ka wā maloʻo ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula māmā, ma hope me kahi ʻulaʻula. Me kahi matte like ʻole, ʻili ʻia, uhi ʻia me nā unahi paʻa, erect, warty. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaoʻao. Ua like ke kala o ka unahi me ka ʻili o ka pāpale, a ʻeleʻele paha.
Hoʻohui ʻia nā unahi e kau ana ma ka ʻaoʻao i nā kukuna triangular, e hana ana i ka hopena o kahi hōkū multi-beam.
pāpale pulupulu lahilahi, palupalu, melemele-ʻeleʻele.
wawae: 3-4 cm ka lōʻihi a me 0,3-0,5 cm ke anawaena, cylindrical, hollow, ākea iki ma ke kumu, pinepine curved. Ua uhi ʻia ka hapa nui o ka wāwae me ka ʻalani-ʻeleʻele, unahi spiny. Ua ʻeleʻele ka lalo. Ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ke kumu, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, aia kahi annular zone, ma luna aʻe o ka maʻalahi o ka ʻili, ʻaʻohe unahi.
Pulp i ka wāwae fibrous, ʻeleʻele.
Records: adnate me ka niho, 'awelike alapine, me ka 'eleu melemele māmā, matte, me na papa lehulehu. He ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele ko nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, ʻeleʻele me ka makahiki, i kekahi manawa me ka ʻoliva, a ma hope me nā wahi ʻōpala.
honi: ma kekahi mau kumu, aia kahi ʻala palupalu o ka pelargonium (room geranium). ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe ke ʻike i ka ʻala he kakaikahi.
hoao ʻaʻole hōʻike, hiki ke ʻawaʻawa.
Hoʻolālā:
Nā ʻōhua: 5,8-7,0 × 3,4-4,3 µm; Qm = 1,6. ʻO ka pā mānoanoa, ellipsoidal a i ʻole ovoid liʻiliʻi, a i kekahi manawa palahalaha iki ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, maʻemaʻe, mauʻu-melemele ka waihoʻoluʻu, me kahi pore e ʻike ʻia.
Basidia: 17–32 × 7–10 µm, pōkole, ʻano hui. ʻEhā spored, rarely two-spored.
ʻO Cystids: 30–70 × 4–9 µm, poʻomanaʻo, pololei a ʻiliʻili paha, ʻaʻohe waihoʻoluʻu a i ʻole me nā mea ʻulaʻula melemele.
Pileipellis: loaʻa nā mea spherical, oblique pear-shaped elements 35 - 50 microns, me ka inlay brown.
pauda spore: ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
ʻO Spiny Flammulaster kahi haʻi saprotrophic. E ulu hoʻokahi a ma nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi ma ka lāʻau palaho: beech, birch, alder, aspen. Hiki ke loaʻa ma luna o ka ʻili, sawdust, a ma nā kumu ola nāwaliwali.
ʻO nā ululāʻau maloʻo maloʻo me ka nui o nā lāʻau make kona wahi punahele.
Hua hua mai Iune a ʻOkakopa (ma ka nui o Iulai a ma ka hapa lua o ʻAukake).
ʻO ka halo kākaʻikahi.
Hiki ke loaʻa ka Flammulaster muricatus ma nā wahi he nui o ka ʻāina waena a me ka hema o ʻEulopa, a me ka hema o Beretania a me ʻIlelani. Ma Western Siberia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Tomsk a me Novosibirsk a me Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
Kakaʻikahi loa ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike ma Hocking Forest Reserve, Ohio, Kaleponi, a me Alaska hema.
A loaʻa pū kekahi ma East Africa (Kenya).
Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i loko o ka Red Lists of macromycetes: ʻo Czech Republic i ka māhele EN - nā ʻano endangered a me Switzerland i ka māhele VU - vulnerable.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia. ʻAʻohe ʻikepili toxicological i hōʻike ʻia ma ka palapala ʻepekema.
Eia nō naʻe, he kakaʻikahi a liʻiliʻi ka ʻaha ʻaʻole hiki ke makemake ʻia i ka meaʻai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e noʻonoʻo pono ʻole ia.
ʻO Flammulaster beveled (Flammulaster limulatus)
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia haʻuki liʻiliʻi i loko o nā ululāʻau malu ma ka lāʻau popopo, kahi e like ai me Flammulaster muricatus. Ua like ko lakou nui. Eia kekahi, ua uhi ʻia lāua ʻelua me nā unahi. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ʻeleʻele o nā unahi o Flammulaster spiny. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ka hele ʻana o kahi kihi ma ka lihi o ka pāpale o ka Spiky Flammulaster, aʻo ka Slanted Flammulaster e hana me ka ʻole.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole honi ʻo Flammulaster limulatus i ka geranium a i ʻole radish, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ma waena o kēia mau halo like ʻelua.
Pepa maʻamau (Pholiota squarrosa)
Ma waho, he ʻino ka Flammulaster, i ka wā ʻōpio hiki ke kuhihewa ʻia he scaly liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo nui ma ʻaneʻi he “liʻiliʻi”, a ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa. ʻOiai he like loa lākou i waho, ʻo Pholiota squarrosa nā halo me nā kino hua nui aʻe, ʻo nā ʻōpio. Eia kekahi, ulu lākou i loko o nā pūpū, ʻoiai ʻo Flammulaster kahi halo hoʻokahi.
Phaeomarasmius erinaceus (Phaeomarasmius erinaceus)
He saprotroph kēia haʻuki ma nā kumu make, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā willows. I ka wehewehe ʻana iā Theomarasmius, hoʻohana ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona like me ka Flammulaster prickly: kahi pāpale semicircular ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula i uhi ʻia me nā unahi me ka ʻaoʻao fringed, kahi scaly stalk me kahi annular zone ma luna aʻe a maʻalahi. Ma muli o kēia, paʻakikī ke wehewehe i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau ʻano.
Eia naʻe, inā ʻoe e nānā pono, ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo Phaeomarasmius erinaceus kahi haʻuki liʻiliʻi aʻe ma mua o Flammulaster muricatus. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi kenimika. ʻO nā unahi ma ke kumu he liʻiliʻi, felty, ʻaʻole spiny, e like me ka Flammulaster. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia e ka pulp rubbery paʻa a me ka ʻole o ka ʻala a me ka ʻono.
Kiʻi: Sergey.