ʻO ka iwi ʻaoʻao (mai ka Greek thôrax, umauma) kahi hale osteo-cartilaginous, aia ma ka pae o ka thorax, kahi e komo ai i ka pale o nā mea ola.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka iwi iwi ʻaoʻao. Hana ʻia ia i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa (1) (2):

• ʻO ka umauma kahi iwi lōʻihi a pālahalaha aia i mua a i waena hoʻi.
• ʻO ka iwi kuamoʻo, aia ma ke kua, i hana ʻia he ʻumikūmālua vertebrae, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e nā intervertebral disk.
• ʻO nā iwi ʻaoʻao, iwakāluakūmāhā ka nui, ʻo ia nā iwi lōʻihi a ʻōwili, e hele ana mai ke kua a i mua i mua o ka alo.

Kinona o ka iwi iwi ʻaoʻao. Hoʻomaka ka iwi ʻaoʻao mai ka iwi kuamoʻo a pili i ka iwi umauma e ka cartilage kumu kūʻai, koe wale nō nā iwi ʻelua o lalo i hala. Kāhea ʻia nā iwi ʻaoʻao lana, ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka sternum (1) (2). Hiki i kēia mau huina ke hāʻawi i ke ʻano i ke ʻano o kahi hīnaʻi.

Nā ākea Intercostal. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wahi intercostal he ʻumikumamākahi i nā iwi ʻaoʻao he ʻumikūmālua ma ka alo. Hana ʻia kēia mau hakahaka me nā mākala, nā aʻa, nā uaua, a me nā aʻalolo (2).

Kō lua Thoracic. Loaʻa iā ia nā mea ola like ʻole e like me ka puʻuwai a me nā māmā (2). Hoʻopili ʻia ke kumu o ka hakahaka e ka diaphragm.

ʻO ka hana pale o nā ʻāpana o loko. Ma muli o kona ʻano a me kona kumukānāwai, pale ka iwi iwi ʻaoʻao i nā mea ola e like me ka puʻuwai a me nā māmā, a me kekahi o nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū (2).

Kahi hoʻoneʻe. Hāʻawi ke kumukānāwai cartilaginous hapa iā ia i kahi ʻōnaehana maʻalahi e ʻae iā ia e hāhai i nā neʻe o ka iwi kuamoʻo (2).

ʻO ka hana i ka hanu. Hāʻawi ke ʻano maʻalahi o ka hīnaʻi, a me nā ami ʻokoʻa iā ia i nā amplitude nui o ka neʻe ʻana, e komo ana i nā mīkini hanu. Aia nāʻiʻo hanu like ʻole i loko o ka iwi iwi ʻaoʻao (2). 

Trauma Thoracic. Kūlike ia i ka hōʻino o ka hale kūpona ma muli o ka haʻalulu o ka thorax (3).

• Nā haki. Hiki i nā iwi ʻaoʻao, ka sternum a me ka iwi kuamoʻo ke komo i nā haʻi like ʻole.
• Paʻa Thoracic. Kūlike ia i kahi ʻāpana o ka paia o ka pahu i hoʻokaʻawale a hāhai i nā haki o kekahi mau iwi ʻaoʻao (4). ʻO kēia ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia hanu me ka hanu paradoxical.

Nā hemahema o ka paia umauma. Ma waena o kēia mau deformations, ʻike mākou i ka paia o ka paia mua:

• ʻO ka thorax i loko o kahi funnel, e hana ana i kahi deformation hollow, ma muli o kahi hoʻolālā ma hope o ka sternum (5).
• Keeled ka thorax, e hana i kahi deformity i ka puʻupuʻu, ma muli o kahi hoʻolālā i mua o ka sternum (5) (6).

Pneumothorax. Pili ia i nā maʻi pilikino e pili ana i ka lua pleura, ka hakahaka ma waena o nā māmā a me nā iwi ʻaoʻao. Hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻeha o ka umauma nui, pili i kekahi manawa me ka paʻakikī hanu.

Nā Tumors o ka paia umauma. Hiki i nā tumors mua a lua paha ke hoʻomohala i ka iwi a i ʻole nā ​​mea palupalu (7) (8).

Nā Maladies o ka os. Hiki i ka iwi rib ke kahua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi iwi e like me osteoporosis a i ʻole ankylosing spondylitis.

Lapaʻau lapaʻau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka trauma a i ʻole pathology, e kauoha ʻia nā analgesics a me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory.

Lapaʻau ʻoki kino. Hiki ke hana i ke kaha no nā deformities o ka paia o ka umauma, trauma o ka umauma, a no nā tumors (5) (7) (8).

Ninaninau kino. Hoʻomaka ka diagnostics me kahi hoʻokolohua kino e loiloi i nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻano o ka ʻeha.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi olakino. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology i manaʻo ʻia a i hōʻoia paha, hiki ke hana ʻia i nā hoʻokolokolo hou e like me ka x-ray, kahi ultrasound, kahi CT scan, kahi MRI a i ʻole kahi scintigraphy (3).

ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka umauma, hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā ma ke ʻano he kōkua kōkua mua, i hōʻike mua ʻia i loko o nā holoholona i ka makahiki 18749 ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana i nā kānaka ma 1960 (10).