Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka ili maʻi 'aʻai i loko o 2 mahele nui: non-melanomas a me melanomas.

Non-melanomas: nā kinikini

Kuhi ka huaʻōlelo "carcinoma" i nā tumors malignant o ke kumu epithelial (ʻo ka epithelium ke ʻano histological Constitive o ka ʻili a me kekahi mau membrane mucous).

ʻO Carcinoma ke ʻano o ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā Caucasians. ʻAʻole kamaʻilio iki ʻia no ka mea ʻaʻohe hopena i ka make. Hoʻohui, paʻakikī e ʻike i nā hihia.

Le kinikō basal cell a ka pūkinoma pūkole pūʻokoʻa aiʻole epidermoid ʻo ia nā ʻano maʻamau he 2 o ka non-melanoma. Kū pinepine lākou i nā poʻe ma mua o 50 mau makahiki.

Kahukena cell basal ʻo ia wale nō ka hapa 90% o nā maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili. Hana ia i ka papa hohonu o ka epidermis.

I ka poʻe Caucasians, ʻaʻole ʻo ka maʻi kanesa basal cell wale nō ka maʻi ʻaʻai nui o ka ʻili, akā ʻo ka mea maʻamau o nā maʻi ʻino āpau, e hōʻike ana he 15 a 20% o nā maʻi ʻaʻai āpau ma Palani. ʻO ka malignancy o ka basal cell carcinoma ka mea kūloko (aneane ʻaʻole ia e alakaʻi i nā metastases, nā maʻi ʻelua i hele mamao aku mai ka tumo kumu, ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi maʻi maʻi), kahi mea liʻiliʻi loa ia e hana i ka mea make, akā ua lohi loa kāna ʻike. , keu hoʻi i nā wahi perioriform (nā maka, ka ihu, waha, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia, e lilo ana i nā pohō nui o ka ʻili.

Kahukena spinocellulaire ou epidermoid he carcinoma i hoʻomohala ʻia ma ka lilo o ka epidermis, e hana hou nei i ke ʻano o nā cell keratinized. I Palani, hele mai ka maʻi epidermoid carcinomas ma waena o nā maʻi ʻili ʻili a hōʻike lākou ma kahi o 20% o nā carcinomas. Hiki ke metastasize i nā carcinomas ʻāpana squamous akā he kakaikahi loa kēia a ʻo 1% wale nō o nā mea maʻi me ka carcinoma squamous cell e make i kā lākou maʻi ʻaʻai.

Aia kekahi ʻano o ka carcinoma (adnexal, metatypical…) akā ʻokoʻa loa lākou

Melanoma

Hāʻawi mākou i ka inoa o melanoma iā huelo kolohe kahi e hana ai i nā melanocytes, nā hunaola e hoʻohua i ka melanin (kahi pigment) i loaʻa i ka ʻili a me nā maka. Hōʻike maʻamau lākou ma ke ʻano he kina ʻeleʻele.

Me 5 mau hihia hou i manaʻo ʻia ma Kanada ma 300, ʻo melanoma ka 7^e Ka maʻi 'aʻai ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka ʻāina¹¹.

ka melanoma hiki ke hana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Aia lākou i waena o nā maʻi ʻino i hiki ke holomua me ka wikiwiki a hana i nā metastases. ʻO lākou ke kuleana no 75% o make kumu ʻia e ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, inā ʻike mua ʻia lākou, hiki ke mālama maikaʻi ʻia.

Noka. I ka wā i hala, ua manaʻo ʻia he hiki i nā melanomas benign (nā tumors i wehewehe pono ʻole ʻia ke komo i ke kino) a me nā melanomas malignant. ʻIke mākou i kēia manawa he malignant nā melanomas āpau.

Nā kumu

Hōʻikeʻike i ʻāpana hihiʻo du lā ke kumu nui o ili maʻi 'aʻai.

Nā kumuwaiwai kūpuna o ka pāhawewe ultraviolet (nā kukuna lā i ka nā lau ʻona) pili pū kekahi. ʻO nā ʻāpana o ke kino i hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ka lā ka mea makaʻu loa (maka, ʻāʻī, lima, lima). Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili ke hana ma nā wahi āpau.

I kahi liʻiliʻi, hoʻopili ka ʻili lōʻihi me huahana kemika, keu hoʻi i ka hana, hiki ke hoʻonui i kou makaʻu i ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili.

Nā Helu:

- I nā ʻāina kahi o ka hapanui o ka heluna kānaka ʻIli keʻokeʻo, hihia o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili i ka makaʻu palua ma waena o ka makahiki 2000 a me ka makahiki 2015, e like me ka hōʻike a Nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa (UN)¹.

- Ma Kanada, ʻo ia ka ulu nui loa o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e hoʻonui ana 1,6% i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

- Ua koho ʻia 50% o ka poʻe mai no 65 e loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻekahi ma mua o ka hopena o ko lākou ola.

- Ka maʻi 'aʻai ʻili ka mea maʻamau o maʻi ʻaʻai lua : ma kēia mea mākou e ʻōlelo nei ʻo ke kanaka i loaʻa a i ʻole loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka mea nui e loaʻa i kekahi, ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili.

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ʻO ia ka mua o nā mea āpau a ʻike i kaʻike kino ka mea e hiki ai i ke kauka ke ʻike inā ka ʻeha ʻaʻole paha he maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO Dermoscopie : he hoʻokolohua kēia me kahi ʻano aniani hoʻonui nui i kapa ʻia he dermoscope, e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e ʻike i ke ʻano o nā ʻili leona a e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kā lākou ʻike.

nā lāʻau kanu. Inā kānalua ke kauka i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, lawe ʻo ia i kahi laʻana o ka ʻili mai ka pūnaewele o ka hōʻike hoʻohuoi no ke kumu o ka hoʻouna ʻana iā ia no ka loiloi i ka hale hana. E ʻae kēia iā ia e ʻike inā he maʻi ʻaʻai maoli ka mea a e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi manaʻo o ke kūlana holomua o ka maʻi.

Nā hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe. Inā hōʻike ka biopsy i ke kumuhana he maʻi ʻaʻai, e kauoha ke kauka i nā hoʻokolohua hou aku e loiloi hou i ka pae o ka holomua o ka maʻi. Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua ke haʻi inā kūloko ʻia ke kanesa a i ʻole inā ua hoʻomaka ʻia e hoʻolaha ma waho o ka ʻili o ka ʻili.