ʻO nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka moekolohe (STDs), i kapa ʻia i kēia manawa nā maʻi hoʻoili kolohe (STI), nā maʻi maʻi lele i pili i ka lawe ʻana o nā pathogens i ka wā o ka moekolohe. Pono kahi STD i ka ʻike mua ʻana e kaupalena i ka makaʻu o nā pilikia.

ʻO STD ka pōkole no ka maʻi i lawe ʻia i ka moekolohe. ʻO ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia ma ke ʻano he maʻi venereal, he maʻi maʻi lele ka STD i hiki i nā pathogens like ʻole. Hoʻouna ʻia kēia mau mea i ka wā o ka moekolohe, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano, ma waena o ʻelua mau hoa. Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia kekahi mau STD ma o ke koko a me ka waiū umauma.

ʻO STI ka pōkole no ka maʻi i lawe ʻia i ka moekolohe. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua mālama ka acronym IST e hoʻololi i ka pōkole MST. Wahi a nā luna olakino lehulehu, "e hoʻohana i ka acronym IST e paipai i ka kānana (ʻoiai) i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā hōʻailona". No laila, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa wale nō ma waena o STI a me STD i ka terminology i hoʻohana ʻia. Hoʻonohonoho nā acronyms IST a me MST i nā maʻi like.

Hiki ke kumu ʻia kahi STI e ʻoi aku ma mua o XNUMX pathogens transmitted sex. Hiki i kēia mau mea:

• bacteria, E like me Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae et Chlamydia trachomatis ;
• nā maʻi maʻi, e like me ka maʻi pale maʻi (HIV), ka maʻi hepatitis B (HBV), Herpes simplex (HSV) a me ka papillomavirus kanaka (PHV);
• parasitesIncluding ʻO Trichomonas vaginalis.

Wahi a ka World Health Organization (WHO), pili nā walewalu ʻewalu i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna i ka hapa nui o nā hihia STD. Aia i waena o kēia mau mea:

• syphilis, maʻi kīnā me ka bacteria Treponema pallidum, e hōʻike nei ma ke ʻano he chancre a hiki ke holomua a alakaʻi i nā pilikia ʻē aʻe inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia i ka manawa;
• gonorrhea, i kapa ʻia ʻo gonorrhea a i ʻole "wela-piss", i kūlike i kahi maʻi e nā bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae;
• ka chlamydiose, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo chlamydia, i kumu ʻia e ka maʻi me nā maʻi koʻohune Chlamydia trachomatis a ʻo ia kekahi o nā STI maʻamau o nā ʻāina Komohana;
• trichomoniasis, maʻi me ka parasite ʻO Trichomonas vaginalis, ka mea i hōʻike pinepine ʻia i nā wahine e ka hoʻokuʻu ʻōpū me ke aniani a me ke ahi.
• maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi hepa B (VHB), nā hopena i ka hōʻino ʻia o ke ake;
• herpes wahine, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi virus Herpes simplex, ka hapanui o ke ʻano 2 (HSV-2), i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lesiona vesicular i loko o nā genital;
• maʻi maʻi me ka maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻi kanaka (Maʻi HIV), ʻo ia ke kuleana no Acquired Immune Def deficit Syndrome (AIDS);
• maʻi maʻi e kanaka papillomavirus, hiki ke kumu i ka condyloma, nā lehelehe kūwaho o waho, a hiki ke hāpai i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervix.

Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia nā STD i ka wā o ka moekolohe, o kēlā me kēia ʻano, ma waena o ʻelua mau hoa. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia lākou i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia kekahi mau STI mai ka makuahine a ke keiki.

Kūlike nā ʻōuli mai kekahi STD a i kekahi. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻokoʻa i nā kāne a me nā wahine. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona manaʻo o kahi STI, e like me:

• hōʻino i nā ʻōiwi, i hiki ke hopena i ka huhū, ka ʻili, ka ʻulaʻula, ke ahi, nā liona a i ʻole nā ​​pimples;
• hoʻokuʻu kūlohelohe mai ka ʻōpū, penis a anus paha;
• ke ahi i ka wā urination;
• ʻo dyspaneuria, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻeha a me / a i ʻole ke kuni ʻana i ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka moekolohe.
• ʻeha ma ka ʻōpū o lalo;
• nā hōʻailona pili e like me ke kuni a me ka ʻeha o ke poʻo.

ʻO ke kumu pilikia nui no ka STDs ka wahine hoʻoweliweli, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka wahine pale ʻole ʻia.

Hiki ke pale aku i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi STD ma o ka palena ʻana i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi.

• kūpono palekana i ka wā o ka moekolohe, keu hoʻi e ke kau ʻana i kahi condom kāne a wahine paha;
• ka lāʻau āpau e pili ana i nā mea maʻi lele, e like me ka maʻi hepatitis B (HBV) a me ka papillomavirus kanaka (HPV).

Inā kānalua, paipai ʻia e hana i kahi hōʻike STD. ʻO ka ʻike mua e ʻae i ka lāʻau olakino wikiwiki a palena i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi lele.

Paipai ʻia kahi hōʻike STI i ka hihia o ke kanalua a i ʻole ka wahine makaʻu ʻole. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia kānana ʻoiai he mea hiki ke lawe i kahi STI me ka ʻike ʻole. No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i kēia mau hoʻokolohua loiloi, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i ka ʻike mai:

• he ʻoihana olakino e like me ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa laulā, a gynecologist a i palekeiki paha;
• kahi ʻike manuahi, kānana a me kahi kikowaena diagnostic (CeGIDD);
• kahi hale hoʻolālā a me kahi aʻo aʻo (CPEF).

ʻO ka hoʻokele olakino o kahi STD kaukaʻi ʻia i ka agena infectious e pili ana. ʻOiai he curable kekahi STI, incurable kekahi poʻe a aia nō ke kumuhana o ka noiʻi ʻepekema.

ʻO kekahi STD curable me syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, a me trichomoniasis. Ke hoʻomau nei nā noiʻi ʻepekema e loaʻa i ka lāʻau olakino no STD hiki ʻole ke ola e like me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi (HIV) kanaka, maʻi papillomavirus (HPV) kanaka, hepatitis B a me ka herpes genital.