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ʻO nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka sturgeon: nā ʻano lawaiʻa, lures, spawning a me nā wahi noho
Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā ʻano Sturgeon ma ka Red Book (IUCN-96 Red List, Appendix 2 o CITES) a no ka māhele mua o ka rarity - nā heluna kaʻawale o kahi ʻano laulaʻa e pili ana i ka pōʻino.
E ʻoluʻolu, hiki ke hopu ʻia ka iʻa sturgeon i loko o nā kino wai i uku ʻia.
ʻO nā Sturgeons kahi ʻano nui o nā iʻa semi-anadromous a me anadromous. Hiki i ka hapa nui o kēia mau iʻa kahiko ke hiki i nā nui nunui, ma kahi o 6 m ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 800 kg. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ke ʻano o nā sturgeons a he mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. Ua uhi ʻia ke kino o ka iʻa i nā lālani ʻāʻī. Wahi a nā hōʻailona o waho, ua like nā sturgeon me kekahi. ʻO nā ʻano he ʻumikūmākahi e noho ana ma Rūsia, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka sterlet (he nui ka nui o ka "miniature", ma kahi o 1-2 kg) a me Amur kaluga (hiki i ke kaumaha a hiki i 1 ton).
I kekahi mau ʻāina, ʻo ka iʻa hoe i hana ʻia, ʻaʻole ia he "locals" o nā wai o Rūsia. No ka sturgeon order nō hoʻi lākou, akā kaʻawale lākou i kahi ʻohana kaʻawale. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano he nui e nā hiʻohiʻona intraspecific paʻakikī o ke ola (e like me ka iʻa salmon); ka puka ʻana o nā ʻano dwarf a me nā ʻano sedentary e komo ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana me nā iʻa anadromous; hoʻohua ʻole makahiki a pēlā aku. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke hana i nā ʻano hybrid, no ka laʻana, hui pū ʻia ʻo Siberian sturgeon me sterlet, a kapa ʻia ka hybrid kostyr. Hoʻohui pū ʻia ka sturgeon Lūkini me ka spike, beluga, stellate sturgeon. Nui nā ʻano pili pili, akā noho ma kahi mamao loa mai kekahi i kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻokoʻa genetic ikaika loa.
Nā ʻano lawaiʻa Sturgeon
ʻO nā sturgeon a pau he iʻa demersal wale nō. ʻO ke kūlana haʻahaʻa o ka waha ke ʻano o ko lākou ʻano hānai. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā sturgeons he ʻai hui ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka lawaiʻa leʻaleʻa ma ka hapa nui o nā wai kūlohelohe. Ma nā waihona wai pilikino, hiki ke hana ʻia ka lawaiʻa sturgeon me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana lalo a lana, inā aia ka maunu ma lalo o ka waihona. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kekahi poʻe lawaiʻa wili. He mea kūpono ke kūkākūkā me ka mea nona ka waihona i mua o nā kūlana i hana ʻia ai ka lawaiʻa. I ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma ke kumu hopu a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, pono paha ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā makau ʻala. I ka hāʻule a me ka pūnāwai, ma nā kino wai "āhiu", hiki i ka sturgeon ke kuʻi ikaika i ka jig a me nā maunu wili ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ka sturgeon ma lalo
Ma mua o ka hele ʻana i kahi waihona i loaʻa ai ka sturgeon, e nānā i nā lula no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kēia iʻa. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma nā māla iʻa e ka mea nona. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa lalo a me nā meaʻai. Ma mua o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, e nānā i ka nui o nā kīʻaha hiki a me ka maunu i ʻōlelo ʻia i mea e ʻike ai i ka ikaika laina pono a me ka nui o ka makau. ʻO kahi mea kōkua nui i ka hopu ʻana i ka sturgeon he ʻupena pae nui. He mea maʻalahi ka lawaiʻa hānai a me ka lawaiʻa no ka hapa nui o nā mea lawaiʻa ʻike ʻole. Hāʻawi lākou i ka lawaiʻa e neʻe loa i ka loko, a mahalo i ka hiki ke hānai ʻia, "ʻohi" koke lākou i nā iʻa ma kahi i hāʻawi ʻia. ʻO ka mea hānai a me ka mea ʻohi, e like me nā ʻano ʻano mea like ʻole, i kēia manawa ʻokoʻa wale nō ka lōʻihi o ke koʻokoʻo. ʻO ke kumu ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pahu maunu-sinker (feeder) a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ma ke koʻokoʻo. Hoʻololi nā piko ma muli o ke kūlana lawaiʻa a me ke kaumaha o ka mea hānai i hoʻohana ʻia. Hiki i nā ilo like ʻole, ka ʻiʻo pūpū a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ke lilo i nozzle no ka lawaiʻa.
Loaʻa kēia ʻano lawaiʻa i nā mea a pau. ʻAʻole koi ʻo Tackle no nā mea pono a me nā mea hana kūikawā. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawaiʻa ma kahi kokoke i nā kino wai. E noʻonoʻo i ke koho ʻana o nā mea hānai i ke ʻano a me ka nui, a me nā hui ʻana o ka maunu. ʻO kēia ma muli o nā kūlana o ka waihona (ka muliwai, ka loko, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a me ka makemake o nā iʻa kūloko. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i mea e hopu pono ai i ka sturgeon, i ka nele o kahi nahu, pono ia e pale aku i ka noho ʻana ma ka pā. Inā ʻaʻohe nahu no ka manawa lōʻihi, pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i kahi o ka lawaiʻa a i ʻole, hoʻololi i ka nozzle a me ka ʻāpana hana o ka maunu.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ka sturgeon ma ka mea lana
ʻO nā lako lana no ka lawaiʻa sturgeon i ka hapanui o nā hihia he maʻalahi loa. Pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā koʻokoʻo me "nā lako holo". Me ke kōkua o kahi reel, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka huki ʻana i nā specimens nui. Hiki i nā lako a me nā aho lawai'a ke ho'onui i ka ikaika - ʻAʻole makaʻala loa ka iʻa, ʻoi aku ka poʻo o ka loko. Pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pahu i lalo o ka nozzle. E like me ke koʻokoʻo hānai, pono ka nui o ka maunu no ka lawaiʻa holomua. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka lawaiʻa ʻana like me ka lawaiʻa me nā koʻokoʻo lalo. Inā ʻaʻohe nahu no ka manawa lōʻihi, pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i kahi o ka lawaiʻa a i ʻole ka nozzle. Pono e nānā ʻia nā meaʻai o nā iʻa kūloko me nā lawaiʻa akamai a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonohonoho lawaiʻa.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ka sturgeon me nā mea hoʻoilo
Hele ʻo Sturgeon i ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi hohonu o nā loko. No ka lawaiʻa, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana o lalo o ka hoʻoilo: lana a me ke kunou. I ka lawaiʻa ʻana mai ka hau, pono e nānā pono i ka nui o nā lua a me ka pāʻani ʻana o ka iʻa. Hiki ke pilikia ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ke poʻo a me ke kūlana o ka waha. ʻO ka ikaika a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻauamo ma ka hau - kekahi o nā manawa koʻikoʻi o ka lawaiʻa hoʻoilo no ka sturgeon.
Maunu
Loaʻa ʻia ʻo Sturgeon i nā maunu holoholona a me nā mea kanu like ʻole. Ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe, hiki i kekahi mau ʻano sturgeon ke hana kūikawā i kekahi ʻano meaʻai. Pili kēia i nā ʻano wai maʻemaʻe. E pili ana i nā mahiʻai moʻomeheu, ʻike ʻia nā iʻa e kahi "papaʻaina like ʻole", me nā mea kanu kumu. Aia ka ʻai i ka meaʻai a ka poʻe nona ka waihona. Paipai ʻia nā maunu ʻono a me nā maunu no ka lawaiʻa sturgeon. ʻO ke ake, nā ʻiʻo iʻa like ʻole, ka ʻōpae, ka iʻa, ka palai, a me ka pī, ka palaoa, ke kulina, a pēlā aku. A ʻo ka meaʻai maoli o nā sturgeons he mau ʻelele like ʻole o ka benthos lalo, nā ilo, nā ilo a me nā larvae invertebrate ʻē aʻe.
Nā wahi lawaiʻa a me nā wahi noho
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano sturgeon e noho ana ma ka ʻāina wela o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Noho ʻo Sakhalin sturgeon ma ka ʻāina Pākīpika, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i nā muliwai: ʻo ka ʻāina nui a me ka ʻāpana mokupuni. Nui nā ʻano mea hele i kai no ka hānai ʻana. Aia kekahi mau ʻano wai maʻemaʻe e noho ana i loko o nā loko a hana i nā pūʻulu noho ma nā muliwai. ʻO ka helu nui loa o nā sturgeon e noho ana ma ke kai Caspian (e pili ana i 90% o nā mea āpau o kēia ʻano ma ka honua). Makemake nā Sturgeons i nā wahi hohonu, akā ma muli o nā kūlana o ka waihona a me nā meaʻai (benthos lalo, molluscs, etc.), hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoulu lākou i nā lua hoʻoilo ma nā muliwai.
ʻOhana
He kiʻekiʻe loa ka momona o nā sturgeons. Hiki i nā poʻe nui ke hoʻohua i mau miliona mau hua, ʻoiai he nui nā ʻano sturgeon e kokoke ana e pau. Ma muli o ke kūlana kaiaola ma ka ʻāina o ka noho ʻana a me ka poaching. Hana ʻia ka Sturgeon spawning i ka pūnāwai, akā paʻakikī a kikoʻī ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana o ka spawning no kēlā me kēia ʻano. Ke ulu mālie nei nā pūʻulu kaiaola o ka ʻĀkau, hiki ke ulu i ka moekolohe ma 15-25 mau makahiki wale nō, a me ka pinepine o ka hoʻoulu ʻana. - 3-5 makahiki. No nā lāhui hema, ʻo kēia manawa mai 10-16 mau makahiki.