ʻIke ʻole ʻia i ko mākou mau maka, akā hāʻawi ia i ka palekana, i ke ao a me ka pō. Inā e hoʻōla i kahi maʻi pepeiao a i ʻole maʻi ʻaʻai, pono ka ʻōnaehana pale.

Hana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale o ka ʻōnaehana o ka launa pū ʻana e pili ana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole, nā hunaola a me nā mea. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā hunaola i ke koko, akā i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā ʻāpana i kapa ʻia nā lālā lymphoid.

• La ka iwi o ka iwi a kāu thyma. Hoʻopuka kēia mau meaola i nā hunaola pale (lymphocytes).
• La holo 'awelika, ka lymph aka wahi, ka tonsons a puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu lymphoid Aia ma luna o nā membrane mucous o ka digestive, respiratory, genital and urinary tract. ʻO ka maʻa mau i loko o kēia mau organ peripheral e kāhea ʻia nā hunaola e pane.

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana pale nui. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, i ka pono o ke kamaʻilio ma waena o nā mea pāʻani like ʻole e pili ana. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana ʻo ia wale nō ke ala hele e hoʻopili i nā ʻōnaehana lymphoid.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke wehewehe i nā ʻano hana āpau, ʻike mākou i kēia manawa aia kekahi mau pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka ʻōnaehana pale, ka ʻōnaehana a me ka ʻōnaehana endocrine. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi mau huna ʻana o nā hunaola pale i nā homone i hūnā ʻia e nā gland endocrine, a he mau ʻelemu nā lymphoid i loaʻa no nā leka a me nā leka hormonal.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pae o ka pane pale pale i ʻelua:

• ka pane nonspecific, ʻo ia ka "immune immate" (ʻo ia ka inoa no ka mea aia mai ka wā hānau), hana me ka ʻole o ke ʻano o ka micro-organism e hakakā nei;
• ka pane kikoʻī, e hōʻoia ana i ka "loaʻa ʻana o ka pale ʻana", e pili ana i ka ʻike o ka ʻākena e hoʻouka ʻia a me ka hoʻopaʻanaʻau ʻana o kēia hanana.

Nā pale o ke kino

La ili a Nā membrane ʻākihi nā pale kūlohelohe mua i kūʻē i nā mea hoʻouka. ʻO ka ʻili ka mea nui i loko o ke kino a hāʻawi i ka pale kū ʻole i nā maʻi. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kuʻina kino ma waena o ke kaiapuni a me kā mākou ʻōnaehana nui, hāʻawi ia i kahi ʻano e ʻenemi i nā microbes: he ʻawaʻawa kona wahi a maloo, a ua uhi ʻia me nā "bacteria" maikaʻi. Hōʻike kēia i ke kumu o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui ʻaʻole pono i kahi mea maikaʻi no kou olakino.

Hāʻawi mau ka waha, nā maka, nā pepeiao, ka ihu, nā wahi urinary a me nā ʻōpala i nā passageways no nā ʻōpala. Loaʻa i kēia mau ala i kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO kahi laʻana, hōʻeuʻeu ka uha a me ka sneezing reflexes i nā microorganism mai nā alaloa.

Lʻinflammation

ʻO ka līlū ka pale mua i kū ʻia e nā microorganism pathogenic e hele aʻe i ko mākou envelope kino. E like me ka ʻili a me nā membrane mucous, hana kēia ʻano pane pale ʻole me ka ʻike ʻole i ke ʻano o ka agena e hakakā nei. ʻO ke kumu o ka mumū e hoʻonāukiuki i nā mea hōʻeuʻeu a hana i ka hoʻoponopono kino (inā loaʻa ka ʻeha). Eia nā pae nui o ka pehu.

• La vasodilation aʻo ka mea nui loa māpunaʻa nā capillaries i ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia i ka hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko (kuleana no ka ʻulaʻula) a ʻae i ka hōʻea ʻana o nā mea hana o ka mumū.
• Ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā pathogens e phagocytes : he ʻano o ke koko keʻokeʻo hiki ke lawe i nā microorganism pathogenic a i ʻole nā ​​​​pūnaewele maʻi ʻē aʻe a luku iā lākou. Nui nā ʻano: monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages a me nā pūnae pepehi maoli (Nk cell).
• ʻO ka ʻōnaehana o hoʻopiha, aia ma kahi o iwakālua mau protein e hana i ka cascade a ʻae i ka luku pololei ʻana i nā microbes. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopihapiha e nā microbes ponoʻī a i ʻole ma o ka pane kūlohelohe kūikawā (e ʻike i lalo).

Nā mea hoʻopukapuka

Inā loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi viral, ka hoʻohuihui he glycoproteins e kāohi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā mea ʻino i loko o nā hunaola. I ka manawa e hūnā ʻia, pāhola lākou i loko o nā aʻa a hoʻoulu i nā hunaola kūwaho kokoke. Hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā toxins microbial ke hoʻoulu i ka hana o interferons.

ʻO kēia kahi e komo ai nā lymphocytes, kahi ʻano o ke keʻena koko keʻokeʻo e ʻike ʻia ai nā papa ʻelua: B lymphocytes a me T lymphocytes.

• ka nā limimosit B helu no ma kahi o 10% o nā lymphocytes e holo nei i ke koko. Ke hui aku ka ʻōnaehana pale i kahi ʻaoʻao haole, hoʻonāukiuki ʻia nā hunaola B, hoʻonui a hoʻomaka e hana i nā mea ʻino. ʻO nā Antibodies nā protein e hoʻopili iā lākou iho i nā protein haole; ʻO kēia kahi hoʻomaka no ka luku ʻia o ka pathogen.
• ka ʻO lymphocytes hōʻike ma mua o 80% o nā lymphocytes i ka holo. ʻElua ʻano o ka lymphocytes T: nā pūnaewele T cytotoxic i, ke hoʻohana ʻia, luku pololei i nā hunaola i loaʻa i nā maʻi ʻino a me nā puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu, a me nā pūnaewele T kōkua, kahi e kaohi ai i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka pane pale pale.

Hoʻokumu ka pane pale pale kikoʻī i ka pale ʻana i loaʻa, kahi e hoʻomohala i loko o nā makahiki i ka hopena o ka hui ʻana o ko mākou kino me nā mole mole kikoʻī. No laila, hoʻomanaʻo ko mākou ʻōnaehana paleʻea i nā koʻohune a me nā mea ʻino i pili mua iā ia i mea e ʻoi aku ai ka maikaʻi a me ka wikiwiki o ka lua. Ua koho ʻia aia ma kahi hoʻomanaʻo 10 kahi mākua⁹ ma 10¹¹ ʻokoʻa nā polokina haole. Hōʻike kēia i ke kumu e hopu ʻole ai kekahi i ka moa moa a me ka mononucleosis ʻelua mau manawa, no ka laʻana. He mea hoihoi e hoʻomaopopo i ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻana e hoʻokomo i kēia hoʻomanaʻo o kahi hālāwai mua me kahi pathogen.

ʻia ....................

ʻAhahui Lapaʻau ʻo Kanada. Encyclopedia Lapaʻau ʻohana, Koho ʻia mai Reader's Digest, Kanada, 1993.

Starnbach MN (Ed). ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i kāu ʻōnaehana pale pale; ka mea āu e ʻike ai, Pelekikena a me nā hoa o ke Kulanui o Harvard, United States, 2004.

ʻO Vander Aj et al. ʻO keʻano kino kanaka, Les Éditions de la Chenelière inc., Kanada, 1995.