I kekahi mau moʻomeheu, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā wahine e kuke i ka meaʻai, a ma waena o nā chef kaulana, ʻo ka pākēneka o nā wahine ka haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole like me ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, kahi o ka wahine ma ke kapuahi kahi kiʻi maʻamau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, me ke aloha āpau o ka wahine palupalu no ka kuke ʻana, ʻaʻohe o lākou wahi ma ka hōkū ʻo Olympus?
I ka conservative France, ua lanakila ʻo chef Anne-Sophie Pic (Maison Pic) i kāna hōkū ʻekolu ʻo Michelin.
Ma hope i ka makahiki 1926, ua hoʻomaka ka māka ʻia o nā meaʻai maikaʻi me kahi asterisk e pili ana i ka inoa o ka hale ʻaina. I nā makahiki 30 mua, ua hoʻohui ʻia he mau hōkū hou ʻelua. I kēia lā, hoʻolaha ʻia nā hōkū ʻo Michelin penei:
* - hale ʻaina maikaʻi loa i kāna mahele,
** - meaʻai maikaʻi loa, no ka pono o ka hale ʻaina he mea kūpono e hoʻololi iki i ke ala,
*** - kahi hana maikaʻi a kahi chef, he mea kūpono ke lawe i kahi huakaʻi ʻokoʻa ma aneʻi.
Ma hope iki aku, ua lawe ʻo Rugu Dia, kahi wahine kuke wahine ʻōpio, i ka meaʻai o ka hale ʻaina caviar Parisian ʻo Petrossian. Ua kaulana pū nā wahine i nā kuke o Italia, Pokukala a me Pelekane. Holo lākou i kā lākou ʻoihana ponoʻī, kākau puke, komo i nā papahana kīwī.
I nā makahiki 20 a i ka hopena o 40, ua hoʻomaka nā wahine he nui e wehe i nā hale ʻaina liʻiliʻi ma loko a ma kahi o Lyon. Ma hope o nā kaua honua, ua manaʻo nā kāne i ka hana ʻana i ka lumi kuke kahi hana nui, a ʻo ka nui o nā wahine ka hoʻonohonoho i nā papa.
ʻO nā mea kaulana loa o nā "makuahine o Lyons" ʻo Eugenie Brasiere, ʻo Marie Bourgeois lāua ʻo Marguerite Bizet. Ua kūkulu lākou i kahi lumi kuke e pili ana i nā moʻomeheu ʻohana a kiaʻi pono i nā papa hana hoʻoilina i hoʻoilina ʻia mai nā kūpuna wahine mai. Ua hoʻomalu ʻia nā kīʻaha e ka pāʻani, ʻoiai ke emi nei ka mahiʻai.
Ua lanakila nā hale ʻaina o kēia mau wahine āpau i ʻekolu mau hōkū Michelin, ua paʻi ko lākou mau mea nona nā puke kuke a makemake nui ʻia i waena o ka poʻe o Palani.
ʻOiai kēia mōʻaukala, i kēia lā aia nō ka ʻoihana hale ʻaina i nā lima kāne ikaika. ʻLelo lākou he mea kaumaha nui ʻole ia no nā wahine e hāpai i nā paila a hoʻolilo i ka lā holoʻokoʻa i ko lākou mau wāwae, e hoʻomākaukau ana i nā puke nui o nā hakahaka. A ʻo ka lewa i ka lumi kuke he "wela" pinepine ia - nā paio, hoʻokaʻawale i ka pilina, kahi wikiwiki o ka hana.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai nā mea āpau, hoʻomaka nā hale ʻaina mua i wehe ʻia e nā wahine - liʻiliʻi loa, no ka mea paʻakikī ke kuke no ka nui o nā malihini kipa. ʻO ʻItalia Nadia Santini kekahi o kēia mau hale ʻaina, a ua lanakila ʻo ia i ʻekolu mau hōkū no kāna wahine manaʻo, ʻo Dal Pescatore. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i kahi ʻāpana o kona ʻuhane i loko o kēlā me kēia pā - ke kūlana kuʻuna o nā kuke Italia.
Ma Beritania i kēia manawa, ke loaʻa nei ka mahalo ʻia o nā wahine koki kīwī wahine. ʻO Delia Smith ka mea kaulana loa i waena o lākou. I nā makahiki 90 o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua ʻike ʻia nā kāne ma ka pakuhi, akā ua hoʻololi koke nā wahine i ka meaʻai meaʻai.
ʻO ia nō ʻo Gordon Ramsey, ke poʻo kuke kaulana o Pelekane, i ʻōlelo ai "ʻaʻole hiki i ka wahine ke kuke ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make." I kēia manawa kahi wahine, ʻo Claire Smith, e holo ana i ka lumi kuke ma kāna hale ʻaina nui ma Ladana.
ʻO kekahi o kāna lumi kuke ma ka hale ʻaina ʻo Verre ma Dubai, a hiki i kēia mau lā, ua holo ʻia e Angela Hartnett. Noho ʻo ia i kēia manawa ma Ladana a holo i ka hale ʻaina hōkele ʻo Connaught Grill Room, no ia mea ua loaʻa iā ia kāna hōkū mua loa ʻo Michelin.
ʻO nā mea kuke wahine kaulana loa
ʻO Anne-Sophie Pic
ʻO kona kupunakāne ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i kahi hale hoʻokipa liʻiliʻi ma ke kai, lawelawe ʻo ia i nā mea huakaʻi i hele i ka wā hoʻomaha i Nice. ʻO ka pā i hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo Maison Rice ka gratin crayfish.
Ua ulu ʻo Ann-Sophie i ka hale ʻaina. I kēlā me kēia kakahiaka, ʻono ʻo ia i ka iʻa i lawe ʻia mai i ka hale hoʻokipa. Paipai nā mākua i ka hoihoi o kā lākou kaikamahine a ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia i kāna aʻo ʻana i ka culinary. ʻOiai ʻo kēia, ʻaʻole makemake ʻo Ann-Sophie e lilo i chef a koho i ka ʻoihana hoʻokele. ʻOiai ʻo ia e aʻo ana ma Palisa a me Iāpana, ua lanakila kona kupuna kāne i 3 mau hōkū Michelin, a ua hoʻomau ka hana a kona makuakāne. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, ua ʻike ʻo Ann-Sophie ʻo kāna kuko maoli nō ke kuke ʻana a hoʻi i ka home e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ai me kona makuakāne. Minamina, ua make koke kona makuakāne, a ua kū ke kaikamahine i ka hoʻomāʻewaʻewa, no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea i manaʻoʻiʻo i kāna kūleʻa ʻana i ka culinary.
I ka makahiki 2007, ua loaʻa iā ia ke kolu o ka hōkū ʻo Michelin a lilo ʻo ia wale nō ka mea kuke wahine ʻekolu hōkū "ma Palani, a ʻo kekahi o nā chef waiwai ʻoi loa ma Palani.
ʻO kāna mau mea mākaukau: meuniere me ke kai me ka ʻaka onion lahilahi, ka mea ʻono caramel-nut i hana ʻia mai nā walnuts kūloko, ka waina melemele.
Helene Darroze
ʻO ka hoʻoilina o ka hōkele a kona makuakāne a me ka hale ʻaina ma Villeneuve-de-Marsan ma ka hema hikina o Palani, ʻo ia pū kekahi, ma nā ʻano a pau i hōʻole i ka hihia a ka makua. Ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai ke koleke ʻoihana, ua lilo ʻo Helene i luna no PR no Alan Ducasse, ua alakaʻi i nā limahana o ka hale ʻaina Bureau. Akā ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e lilo i chef iā ia iho a hoʻi i ka home. I kekahi mau mahina ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaha ka makuakāne, a ua noho ke kaikamahine i ka nui
Ma 1995, ua kapa ʻia ka hōkele ʻohana ma hope ona, a hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope ua hoʻihoʻi ʻo ia i ka hōkū ʻo Michelin i nalowale e kona makuakāne i ka hoʻokumu ʻana. Ua lilo ʻo Helene iā Champerard's Chef Youngest of the Year, neʻe i Paris, wehe iā Helene Darroze (2 mau hōkū), a laila hele i Lādana e mālama i ka hale ʻaina o Connaught.
ʻO kāna kīʻaha pūlima: ratatouille.
ʻO Angela Hartnett
Ua aloha ʻo Angela e kuke mai ka wā kamaliʻi me kona kupuna wahine ʻItalia, ʻoiai ua puka ʻo ia mai ke kula me kahi kekelē i ka mōʻaukala o kēia wā, a ua haʻalele ʻo ia e hana i kahi hale ʻaina ma ka mokupuni ʻo Barbados. Mai Barbados, hele mai ʻo Angela e hana no Gordon Ramsay ma Aubergine, a mai laila neʻe aku iā Marcus Wareng ma L ', a laila i Petrus.
ʻAʻole i kū ʻo Angela ma laila: i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka Ramsey Verre ma Dubai. I kēia lā ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo ia e wehe i kāna hale ʻaina ponoʻī, ʻo Murano, ʻoiai ke poʻo nei i ka York & Albany gastropub.
ʻO kāna hana kūikawā: ʻo ka hare aliʻi me ka ulu ʻana, ka meaʻai ponoʻī a me nā foie gras.
ʻO Claire Smith
ʻAʻole kēia kaikamahine ke hoʻoilina o nā restaurateurs a ulu ʻole i ka lumi kuke. Pono ʻo ia e hōʻoia i kona mākaukau mai lalo loa. ʻO kahi panalāʻau mai ʻIlani ʻIlani, ua heluhelu ʻo ia i nā moʻolelo o nā chef nui i nā lua. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kula, ua holo ʻo ia i Ladana a ua puka ʻo ia mai ke koleke ʻai. Ma hope koke ua hiki iā ia ke hele i kahi hana ma ka lumi kuke o Gordon Ramsay.
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hāʻawi ʻo Ramsay iā ia i kahi hana ma Louis XV o Alan Ducasse. Ma laila, ua paʻakikī ʻo Claire, ka mea ʻike ʻole i ka ʻōlelo: ua aʻo koke ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo a me ka kuke ʻana i ka hoʻomāʻewaʻewa a nā kuke. Ke hoʻi nei i ka hale ʻaina a Gordon Ramsay, i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope ua lilo ʻo Claire ma ke ʻano he chef.
ʻO kona mākaukau he ravioli me ka ʻula, salmon a me nā langoustines.
ʻO Rose Grey lāua ʻo Ruth Rogers
ʻO Rose lāua ʻo Ruta ʻelua mau makahiki ʻIlia i waena, i ka makahiki 1980, "hāpai i ka kuke ʻana a Pelekane mai nā wahi neoneo." ʻO ko lākou hale ʻaina, ʻo River Cafe, i hoʻolālā ʻia ma ke ʻano he lumiʻaina no kahi keʻena hoʻolālā ma nā kapa o Thames. Akā ma muli o ke ʻano ʻono loa, ʻaʻole nā limahana wale nō i hoʻomaka e hele mai i ʻaneʻi e ʻai.
A laila ua hōʻano hou ʻia ka cafe, a lilo ia i hale ʻaina pipiʻi me 120 mau noho me ke keʻena kauwela. Ua alakaʻi ʻo Ruta lāua ʻo Rose i kekahi o nā papahana kīwī a kākau i nā puke kuke he nui.
Elena Arzak
Mālama ʻo Elena i ka hale ʻaina Arzhak ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo San Sebastian. Ua ulu ʻo ia i kahi mākua a ua aʻo e kuke i ka hale ʻaina mai kona makuahine a me kona kupunawahine. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hale ʻaina ʻohana i ka makahiki 1897, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo Elena e hana ma laila ma ke ʻano he kaikamahine, ʻili ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka holoi ʻana i nā sāleta.
I loko o ka lumi kuke nui o Arzhak, ʻeono o nā chef poʻo ʻeiwa mau wahine.
ʻO kāna loea: nā kai iʻa mai ke kahakai Palani me ka limu i ka waiūpaka a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, ka ʻuala potato māmā me ka caviar herring.
ʻAʻole i noʻonoʻo ka wahine Farani ʻo Annie i ka lilo ʻana i chef a hiki i kona male ʻana i kahi Italia. ʻO kāna kāne, ʻo Giorgio Pinocchorri, wehe i kahi hale inu waina i kahi palazzo kahiko o Florentine i ka makahiki 1972, kahi i inu nui ai ka poʻe i ka waina a komo i ka ʻono. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Annie e lawelawe i nā meaʻai māmā i ka waina - canapes and sandwiches. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka papa ʻaina, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Annie e kono ʻia i ke kīwī.
ʻAʻole hāʻawi ʻia ka mea kuke i nā ipu Italia paʻakikī i kēlā me kēia ʻano, a ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i nā meaʻai ma ka ʻano Palani, a no laila e ʻimi ana i nā mea kākau hou. Hāʻawi ke keʻa i waena o nā kīʻaha Palani a me Italia i kahi hopena kupaianaha: ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Annie i nā hōkū Michelin.