Hōʻike ʻia ka pale maka o ka hāpai ʻana e ka nui a i ʻole ka pouli, nā kiko ʻeleʻele kū ʻole e ʻike ʻia ma ka maka, keu hoʻi ma ka lae, ka ihu, nā papalina a ma ka piko o ka lehelehe. ʻIke ʻia ka pale maka hapai mai ka mahina 4 o ka hāpai ʻana, i ka wā o ka lā, akā ʻaʻole pili i nā wahine hāpai āpau. I Palani, 5% o nā wahine hāpai e hoʻopili ʻia e ka pale maka hāpai⁽¹⁾, akā ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka prevalence ma waena o nā wahi a me nā ʻāina.

ʻO ka mask o ka hāpai ma muli o ka hana nui ʻana o melanin (pigment kuleana no ke kala o ka ʻili) e nā melanocytes (nā huna huna huna melanin) i kahi kūlana o ka hyperunction. Hōʻike ka loiloi histological o nā wahi pigment i ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā melanocytes a me kā lākou propensity ikaika e hana i ka melanin.⁽²⁾. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi hou e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻili olakino, nā leona melasma i loaʻa me ka hyperpigmentation ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka vascularization a me ka elastosis.⁽³⁾.

ʻAʻole maopopo iā mākou ka hana ma ke kumu o kēia mau hoʻololi ʻana, akā ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma kahi kahua kūpuna maikaʻi (phototype, moʻolelo o ka ʻohana). Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e ka lā, nā ʻano like ʻole i nā homone wahine - i kēia hihia i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana o ka estrogen a me ka progesterone - a ʻoi aku ka hopena i nā ʻili ʻeleʻele.^{(4) (5)}.

I mea e pale aku ai i ka pale maka hāpai, pono ia e pale iā ʻoe iho mai ka lā ma ka hōʻalo ʻana i kekahi ʻano pāhaʻi, ma ke kau ʻana i ka pāpale a me / a i ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale pale lā kiʻekiʻe (IP 50+, makemake i nā kānana mineral).

I ka homeopathy, hiki ke lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he pale pale Sepia Officinalis 5 CH ma ke ana o 5 mau granula i kēlā me kēia lā i loko o ka hāpai ʻana.⁽⁶⁾.

I ka aromatherapy, e hoʻohui i kahi kulu o ka aila pono lemon (meaola) i kāna kalima pō⁽⁷⁾. ʻLelo Aʻo: ka ʻaila pono lemon e lilo i photosensitizing, pono e hōʻalo ʻia i ka lā.

Hōʻalo pinepine ka pale maka hāpai i nā mahina ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana, akā hoʻomau mau kekahi. Paʻahana kāna hoʻokele a laila paʻakikī. Hoʻohui ia i nā hoʻoponopono depigmenting (ʻo ka hydroquinone ʻo ia ka mole kūmole) a me nā peels kemika, a ʻo ia paha me kahi laina ʻelua, ka laser⁽⁸⁾.

I ka wā kahiko, he mea maʻamau ka ʻōlelo ʻana he makuwahine e ʻaʻe ana i ka pale maka hāpai ke kali nei i kahi keikikāne, akā ʻaʻohe ʻike ʻepekema i hoʻokūpaʻa i kēia manaʻoʻiʻo.