ʻO ka manamana wāwae (mai ka ʻōlelo Farani kahiko, mai ka Latin articulus, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hui liʻiliʻi) he hoʻonui o ka wāwae.

wahi. ʻElima ka helu o nā manamana wāwae ma kēlā me kēia wāwae, a ua helu ʻia mai ka alo waena a i ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao.

• ʻo ka manamana wāwae mua, i kapa ʻia ʻo hallux a i ʻole manamana wāwae nui;
• ʻo ka manamana wāwae 2, i kapa ʻia ʻo secundus a i ʻole depasus;
• ʻo ka manamana wāwae 3, i kapa ʻia ʻo tertius a i ʻole centrus;
• ʻo ka manamana wāwae 4, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hā a i ʻole ma mua o waho;
• ʻo ka manamana wāwae 5, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka quintus a i ʻole exterius, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manamana wāwae liʻiliʻi.

iwi. ʻEkolu manamana wāwae o kēlā me kēia manamana wāwae, koe wale nō ka manamana wāwae mua ʻelua wale nō. Hoʻopuka nā kumu o nā phalanges me ka metatarsus (1).

Musculature. ʻO ke komo ʻana ma nā manamana wāwae, ua māhele ʻia nā ʻiʻo o ka wāwae i ʻehā papa (1):

• ʻO ka papa 1 ka ʻiʻo abductor o ka manamana wāwae nui, ka ʻiʻo flexor digitorum brevis a me ka ʻiʻo abductor o ka manamana wāwae liʻiliʻi.
• Hoʻokumu ʻia ka papa ʻelua i nā ʻiʻo lumbral, ka ʻiʻo flexor mea kōkua o nā manamana wāwae 2 hope a me nā ʻiʻo o nā ʻiʻo flexor lōʻihi o nā manamana wāwae.
• Hoʻokumu ʻia ka papa 3 me nā ʻiʻo flexor digitorum brevis a me adductor hallucis brevis, a me ka ʻiʻo flexor digitorum brevis.
• Aia ka papa 4 o nā ʻiʻo adductor o nā manamana wāwae, koe naʻe ka ʻiʻo abductor o ka manamana wāwae nui i loko o ka papa mua.

Vascularization a me loko. Hoʻokumu ka papa ʻiʻo mua a me 1 i ka papa neuro-vascular papa. ʻO ka 2 a me ka 3 o nā ʻiʻo ʻiʻo ke kumu o ka mokulele neuro-vascular hohonu (4).

Kāpena pale. Hoʻopuni ʻia nā manamana wāwae e ka ʻili a he mau kui ko lākou ma luna.

Kākoʻo kaumaha kino. ʻO kekahi o nā hana o nā manamana wāwae ke kākoʻo i ke kaumaha o ke kino. (2)

Paʻa a me ka hōʻeuʻeu o ka wāwae. ʻO ke ʻano o nā manamana wāwae e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kākoʻo o ke kino, ke kaulike, a me ka hana ʻana i nā neʻe like ʻole me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ke kino i ka wā e hele ai. (2) (3)

Hiki ke ala mai nā pilikia like ʻole ma nā manamana wāwae. He ʻokoʻa ko lākou mau kumu akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kahi deformation, kahi malformation, kahi trauma, kahi maʻi, kahi ʻāʻī, a i ʻole kahi maʻi degenerative. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kēia mau pilikia ma muli o ka ʻeha ma nā wāwae.

Nā haʻihaʻi o nā phalanges. Hiki ke haki nā phalanges o nā manamana wāwae. (4)

Nā hui kuʻuna. Hiki ke deformed ka wāwae a me nā manamana wāwae. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka hallux valgus kahi maʻi ʻole o ka hānau ʻana e neʻe ai ka manamana wāwae i waho. Pehu ka ʻāpana o waho a lilo i ʻoluʻolu a ʻeha hoʻi (5).

Nā Maladies o ka os. Hiki i nā pathologies like ʻole ke hoʻopilikia i nā iwi a hoʻololi i ko lākou mau hale. ʻO Osteoporosis kekahi o nā maʻi maʻamau. ʻO ia ka nalo ʻana o ka iwi iwi i loaʻa i ka poʻe ma mua o 60 mau makahiki.

Hoʻoponopono. Hiki i nā manamana wāwae ke loaʻa i nā maʻi, e like me nā fungi a me nā maʻi.

• Ka wāwae 'âlapa. ʻO ka wāwae o ka 'Athlete he maʻi leʻaleʻa aia ma ka ʻili o nā manamana wāwae.
• Onychomycosis. ʻO kēia pathology, i kapa ʻia ʻo nail fungus, pili i kahi maʻi fungal i nā kui. ʻO nā kui i hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia ʻo nā manamana wāwae nui a liʻiliʻi (6).
• ʻO nā maʻi maʻi kanu. Aia i loko o nā manamana wāwae, he maʻi maʻi maʻi e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻeha i ka ʻili.

ʻO ka Rheumatism. ʻO ka rumatika nā maʻi āpau e pili ana i nā hono, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manamana wāwae. ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi ʻāʻī, ʻo ka gout ka mea maʻamau i nā ami o ka manamana wāwae.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma muli o ka pathology i ʻike ʻia, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole e hoʻoponopono a hoʻoikaika paha i ka iwi iwi, hoʻemi i ka ʻeha a me ka mumū. I ka hihia o ka maʻi, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā anti-infectives e like me nā antifungals.

ʻO keʻano maʻamau. Ma muli o ka pathology i ʻike ʻia, hiki ke hana ʻia ke ʻoki. I ka wā o ka haʻihaʻi, pono ke kau ʻana i nā pine, kahi pā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole kahi mea hoʻoponopono waho.

Hoʻomaʻo Orthopedic. I ka wā o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻolei plaster.

Ke kaulike. Hoʻomaka ka hōʻailona me ka nānā ʻana i nā manamana wāwae a me ka loiloi o nā hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi.

ʻImi hoʻokolohua kiʻi. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau e nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka X-ray, CT scan, MRI, scintigraphy a i ʻole ka iwi densitometry e nānā i nā pathologies iwi.

Nānā Lapaʻau. I mea e ʻike ai i kekahi mau pathologies, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke koko a i ʻole ka urine e like me ka laʻana o ka phosphorus a i ʻole calcium. I ka hihia o kahi maʻi fungal, hiki ke lawe ʻia kahi laʻana e hōʻoia i ka ʻike.

ʻO ke ʻano a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā manamana wāwae. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā ʻōlelo like ʻole e wehewehe i ke ʻano a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā manamana wāwae. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "wāwae ʻAigupita" pili i nā wāwae e emi ana ka nui o nā manamana wāwae mai ka nui a i ka manamana wāwae liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "Greek foot" e wehewehe i nā wāwae i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka wāwae lua ma mua o nā wāwae ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "wāwae square" inā like ka lōʻihi o nā manamana wāwae a pau.