ʻOiai i waena o kā lākou mau hoa hana ʻokoʻa - nā mea akamai a me nā ʻepekema pupule o ka Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab, aia ma kahi kokoke i Boston (USA), kahi e kau ai nā manō nui nui mai ke kaupaku, hoʻonani pinepine ʻia nā papa ʻaina me nā poʻo robot. , a me nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻepekema lauoho pōkole i nā pālule Hawaiʻi e kūkākūkā ana i nā ʻano pohihihi i kaha ʻia i ka penikala ma ka papa ʻeleʻele - ʻo Saleb Harper he kanaka maʻamau loa. ʻOiai e hana ana kāna mau hoa hana i ka noiʻi ʻepekema : naʻauao akamai, nā prostheses akamai, nā mīkini pelupili o ka hanauna hou a me nā mea lapaʻau e hōʻike ana i ka ʻōnaehana nerve kanaka ma 3D, ke hana nei ʻo Harper – Hoʻoulu ʻo ia i nā kāpeti. I ka makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ke keʻena liʻiliʻi o ka papa ʻelima o ka Institute (ma hope o kāna mau puka lab) i loko o kahi māla super-tech e like me ke ola ʻana mai kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni sci-fi. Ke ulu nei kekahi mau ʻano broccoli, ʻōmato a me ka basil ma ʻaneʻi, me he mea lā i ka lewa, ʻauʻau i nā kukui LED neon uliuli a ʻulaʻula; a ʻo ko lākou mau aʻa keʻokeʻo e like me ka iʻa. Ua ʻōwili ʻia nā mea kanu i ka paia aniani, 7 mika ka lōʻihi a me 2.5 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe, no laila me he mea lā ua puni lākou i kahi hale keʻena. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke koho inā hāʻawi ʻoe iā Harper a me kāna mau hoa hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohuli i ke kūlanakauhale holoʻokoʻa i loko o kahi māla ola a ʻai.
"Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au he mana mākou e hoʻololi i ka honua a me ka ʻōnaehana meaʻai honua," wahi a Harper, he kanaka kiʻekiʻe a paʻa i 34 mau makahiki me ka pālule uliuli a me nā kāmaʻa pipi. "He nui ka hiki no ka mahiʻai kūlanakauhale. A ʻaʻole kēia he ʻōlelo lapuwale. "ʻO ka mahiʻai kūlanakauhale" i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka "nānā, hiki maoli" (i ka wā i hana ʻia ai nā hoʻokolohua e ulu i ka letus a me nā mea kanu ma luna o nā hale o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi kaʻawale o ke kūlanakauhale) a ua lilo i nalu maoli o ka hana hou, i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mea manaʻo. ku paa ma ko lakou mau wawae, e like me Harper. Ua hoʻokumu pū ʻo ia i ka papahana CityFARM i hoʻokahi makahiki i hala aku nei, a ke noiʻi nei ʻo Harper pehea e hiki ai i ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe ke kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā mea kanu. I ka manawa like, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana sensor e nānā i ka pono o nā mea kanu no ka wai a me nā mea kanu, a hānai i nā mea kanu me ka mālamalama o ka alapine nalu maikaʻi loa: nā diodes, i ka pane ʻana i nā pono o ka mea kanu, e hoʻouna i ka mālamalama ʻaʻole e hāʻawi wale i ke ola. nā mea kanu, akā hoʻoholo pū i ko lākou ʻono. Manaʻo ʻo Harper e lilo ia mau mea kanu i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma luna o nā hale o nā hale - ma nā kūlanakauhale maoli kahi e noho ai nā poʻe he nui a hana.
ʻO nā mea hou a Harper i manaʻo ai e hoʻolauna e hiki ke hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ka mahiʻai a hōʻemi i kona hopena kaiapuni. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ma ke ana ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka māmā, ka hoʻoinu ʻana a me ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana e like me kāna ʻano, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai e 98%, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu i nā manawa 4, hoʻopau loa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā pesticides, pālua i ka meaʻai. waiwai o nā mea kanu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou ʻono.
He pilikia kaiapuni koʻikoʻi ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ma mua o ka noho ʻana ma kā mākou papaʻaina, hana maʻamau ia i kahi huakaʻi o nā kaukani kilomika. ʻO Kevin Frediyani, ke poʻo o ka mahiʻai organik ma Bicton College, kahi kula mahiʻai ma Devon, UK, ua manaʻo ʻo UK e lawe mai i 90% o kāna mau huaʻai a me nā mea kanu mai 24 mau ʻāina (ʻo ia ka 23% mai ʻEnelani). ʻIke ʻia ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi poʻo kāpeti i ulu ʻia ma Sepania a hāʻawi ʻia e ke kaʻa i UK e alakaʻi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kahi 1.5 kg o nā kalapona ʻino. Inā ulu ʻoe i kēia poʻo ma UK, i loko o kahi hale kōmaena, e ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻi: ma kahi o 1.8 kg o nā hoʻokuʻu. "ʻAʻole lawa ka mālamalama, a ʻaʻole mālama maikaʻi ke aniani i ka wela," wahi a Frediyani. Akā inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi hale insulated kūikawā me nā kukui artificial, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i 0.25 kg. Ua ʻike ʻo Frediyani i kāna mea e kamaʻilio nei: ua mālama mua ʻo ia i nā māla huaʻai a me nā mea kanu mea kanu ma ka Paington Zoo, kahi i ka makahiki 2008 ua noi ʻo ia i ke ʻano kanu kūpaʻa e ulu pono ai i ka hānai holoholona. Inā hiki iā mākou ke kau i nā ʻano hana ma ke kahawai, e loaʻa iā mākou ka meaʻai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, hiki iā mākou ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo e nā miliona miliona i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka ʻāpana o ka hana e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. nā huahana mahiʻai, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻopuka i ka 4 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ʻino ma mua o ka mahiʻai ponoʻī. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopaneʻe nui i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka pilikia meaʻai honua.
Ua helu ka poʻe loea UN ma ka makahiki 2050 e piʻi ka heluna kanaka o ka honua i 4.5 biliona, a ʻo 80% o ka poʻe noho o ka honua e noho i nā kūlanakauhale. I kēia lā, hoʻohana ʻia ka 80% o ka ʻāina kūpono no ka mahiʻai, a ke piʻi nei nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka maloʻo a me nā kahe. Ma lalo o ia mau kūlana, ua huli nā mea hoʻomohala mahiʻai i ko lākou mau maka i nā kūlanakauhale i mea hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hiki ke ulu i nā mea kanu ma nā wahi āpau, ʻoiai ma luna o nā skyscrapers a i ʻole ma nā hale pōma i haʻalele ʻia.
ʻO ka helu o nā hui e hoʻomaka nei e hoʻohana i nā ʻenehana ʻenehana hou no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka hānai ʻana iā lākou me nā LED, no ka laʻana, kahi pilikua e like me Philips Electronics, nona kāna keʻena ponoʻī no nā LED mahiʻai. Ke hana nei ka poʻe ʻepekema e hana ana ma laila i nā ʻano laina hou a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele, e ʻimi ana i nā hiki o nā ʻenehana microclimate, aeroponics*, aquaponics**, hydroponics***, nā ʻōnaehana hōʻiliʻili wai a me nā microturbines hiki ke hoʻohana i ka ikehu ʻino. Akā i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea i hiki ke hoʻolilo i kēlā mau mea hou i ka uku. ʻO ka mea paʻakikī ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hydroponic VertiCorp (Vancouver), i hana nui i ka walaʻau i loko o ke kaiāulu ʻepekema, i kapa ʻia ʻo Discovery of the Year 2012 e TIME magazine, hāʻule no ka mea. ua nui loa ka uila. "He nui nā wahaheʻe a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki ʻole ma kēia wahi," wahi a Harper, ke keiki a kahi kahu palaoa i ulu ma kahi mahiʻai ʻo Texas. "Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka nui o ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana a me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻoihana nui a me nā liʻiliʻi."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Harper e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau hoʻomohala ʻana, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana uila ma 80%. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻenehana mahiʻai ʻoihana i pale ʻia e nā patent, ua wehe ʻia kāna papahana, a hiki i kekahi ke hoʻohana i kāna mau mea hou. Aia kekahi mua no kēia, e like me ka mea i hana ʻia me nā mea ʻoki laser i hoʻolālā ʻia e MIT a me nā mea paʻi XNUMXD, a ka Institute e hana a hāʻawi i nā labs a puni ka honua. "Ua hana lākou i kahi ʻoihana hana aʻu i ʻike ai he kumu hoʻohālike no kā mākou neʻe ʻana i nā mea kanu," wahi a Harper.
… Ma ka ʻauinalā maikaʻi o Iune, ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻo Harper i kāna hoʻonohonoho hou. E paʻa ana ʻo ia i kahi ʻāpana pepa i lawe ʻia mai kahi pāʻani keiki. Aia i mua ona he pahu coleslaw i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e nā LED uliuli a ʻulaʻula. "Mālama" ʻia nā pae ʻāina e kahi pahupaʻi wikiō hoʻokele neʻe i hōʻaiʻē ʻia e Harper mai ka PlayStation. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i ke keʻena me kahi pepa pepa - e ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o nā diodes. "Hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo i ka ʻikepili o ke aniau a hana i kahi algorithm compensation lighting diode," wahi a ka ʻepekema, "Akā, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻōnaehana ke wānana i ka ua a i ʻole ke ao. Pono mākou i kahi kaiapuni pili iki. "
Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Harper i kēlā ʻano hoʻohālike mai nā papa alumini a me nā panela plexiglass - kahi ʻano lumi hana sterile. I loko o kēia poloka aniani, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke kanaka, he 50 mau mea kanu e ola ana, ʻo kekahi me nā aʻa e kau ana i lalo a hoʻoulu ʻia me nā meaʻai.
ʻO lākou iho, ʻaʻole kūʻokoʻa ia mau ʻano: ua hoʻohana nā māla liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi iā lākou no kekahi mau makahiki. Aia ka mea hou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā diodes o ke kukui uliuli a me ka ʻulaʻula, e hana ana i ka photosynthesis, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mana i loaʻa iā Harper. Hoʻopiha maoli ʻia ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā mea ʻike like ʻole e heluhelu i nā kūlana lewa a hoʻouna i ka ʻikepili i kahi kamepiula. "I ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, e lilo kēia hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka naʻauao," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Harper.
Hoʻohana ia i kahi ʻōnaehana lepili i hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā me kēia mea kanu e nānā i ka ulu ʻana o kēlā me kēia mea kanu. "I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe mea i hana i kēia," wahi a Harper. "Ua nui nā hōʻike wahaheʻe o ia mau hoʻokolohua, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou i hele i ka hoʻāʻo. I kēia manawa, nui ka ʻike i loko o ke kaiāulu ʻepekema e pili ana i ia mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike maopopo inā ua kūleʻa lākou, a ma ke ʻano nui, inā ua hana maoli ʻia.
ʻO kāna pahuhopu ka hana ʻana i kahi laina hana ʻai meaʻai ma ke koi, hāʻawi ʻia e like me Amazon.com. Ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo (e like me ka ʻohi ʻia ʻana o nā tōmato ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma Netherlands i ke kauwela a i ʻole Sepania i ka hoʻoilo - ʻilihune i nā meaʻai a me ka ʻono ʻole), a laila e hoʻouna iā lākou i mau haneli mau kilomita, e hoʻokahe iā lākou e hāʻawi i ke ʻano o ka pala - hiki iā ʻoe ke kauoha. ʻO kāu mau tōmato ma ʻaneʻi hoʻi akā e oo maoli a hou, mai ka māla, a kokoke i ke alanui e hiki mai ana. "E wikiwiki ana ka lawe ʻana," wahi a Harper. "ʻAʻohe mea ʻono a i ʻole nalowale meaʻai ma ke kaʻina hana!"
I kēia lā, ʻo ka pilikia nui loa o Harper i hoʻoholo ʻole ʻia me nā kumu māmā. Hoʻohana ia i ka lā o ka lā mai ka puka makani a me nā LED i hoʻokele ʻia e ka pūnaewele ʻo Heliospectra. Inā ʻoe e kau i nā mea kanu mea kanu ma nā hale keʻena, e like me kā Harper i ʻōlelo ai e hana, a laila lawa ka ikehu mai ka Lā. "Hoʻohana wale kaʻu mau mea kanu i ka 10% o ka spectrum māmā, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ke koena i ka lumi - ua like ia me ka hopena greenhouse," wehewehe ʻo Harper. - No laila, pono wau e hoʻomaha i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke kumu, kahi e koi ai i ka nui o ka ikehu a hoʻopau i ka pono ponoʻī. Akā, eia kekahi nīnau hoʻopāpā: ehia ke kumu kūʻai o ka lā?
I loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo "solar" maʻamau, pono e wehe ʻia nā puka e hōʻoluʻolu i ka lumi a hoʻemi i ka haʻahaʻa i hōʻiliʻili ʻia - ʻo ia ke komo ʻana o nā malihini i kono ʻole ʻia - nā ʻōpala a me nā haʻi. Manaʻo nā hui ʻepekema ma nā hui e like me Heliospectra a me Philips he ala kahiko ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Lā. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke hana ʻia nei ka holomua ʻepekema nui loa i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai e nā hui kukui. ʻAʻole hāʻawi wale ʻo Heliospectra i nā kukui no nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā alakaʻi pū kekahi i ka noiʻi hoʻonaʻauao ma ke kahua o nā ʻano no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka biomass, ka wikiwiki o ka pua a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻono o nā mea kanu. Ke hoʻohana nei ʻo NASA i nā kukui a lākou i hana ai i kā lākou hoʻokolohua e hoʻololi i kahi "Martian space base" ma Hawaii. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kukui ma ʻaneʻi e nā panela me nā diodes, nona kā lākou kamepiula i kūkulu ʻia. "Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻouna i kahi hōʻailona i kahi mea kanu e nīnau ana i kona manaʻo, a ma ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana e hoʻouna i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka nui o ka spectrum e hoʻohana ai a pehea e ʻai ai," wahi a Heliosphere co-leader Christopher Steele, mai Gothenburg. "No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke kukui uliuli no ka ulu ʻana o ka basil a hoʻopilikia i kona ʻono." Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki i ka Lā ke hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi i nā mea kanu - ma muli o ke ʻano o nā ao a me ka huli ʻana o ka Honua. "Hiki iā mākou ke ulu i nā mea kanu me ka ʻole o nā pahu ʻeleʻele a me nā kiko e nānā maikaʻi a ʻono maikaʻi," i hoʻohui ai ʻo CEO Stefan Hillberg.
Kūʻai ʻia kēlā mau ʻōnaehana kukui ma ke kumu kūʻai o 4400 paona, ʻaʻole ia he mea liʻiliʻi loa, akā kiʻekiʻe loa ka noi ma ka mākeke. I kēia lā, aia ma kahi o 55 miliona mau kukui ma nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a puni ka honua. "Pono e pani ʻia nā kukui i kēlā me kēia 1-5 makahiki," wahi a Hillberg. "He kālā nui kēlā."
Makemake nā mea kanu i nā diodes i ka lā. No ka mea hiki ke kau ʻia nā diodes ma luna pono o ka mea kanu, ʻaʻole pono ia e hoʻolilo i ka ikehu hou i ka hana ʻana i nā kumu lāʻau, ulu maikaʻi ia i luna a ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka ʻāpana lau. Ma GreenSenseFarms, ka mahiʻai kūwaho nui loa i loko o ka honua, aia ma 50 km mai Chicago, ʻo ka nui o nā kukui 7000 aia i loko o nā lumi kukui ʻelua. "ʻOi aku ka ʻono a ʻoi aku ka ʻono o ka letus i ulu ʻia ma ʻaneʻi," wahi a ka Luna Nui ʻo Robert Colangelo. - Hoʻomālamalama mākou i kēlā me kēia moena me 10 mau kukui, loaʻa iā mākou 840 mau moena. Loaʻa iā mākou he 150 poʻo letus mai ka māla i kēlā me kēia 30 lā.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā moena ma luna o ka mahiʻai a hiki i 7.6 m ke kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ka māla Green Sense i ka ʻenehana o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "hydro-nutrient film". I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka wai momona momona e komo i loko o ka "lepo" - nā pūpū niu i ʻoki ʻia, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ma kahi o ka peat, no ka mea, he kumu waiwai hou ia. "No ka mea, ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā moena, ulu nā mea kanu ma kahi o ʻumi mau manawa ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a hāʻawi mai 25 a 30 mau manawa ʻoi aku ma mua o nā kūlana maʻamau," wahi a Colangelo. "Maikaʻi ia no ka Honua no ka mea ʻaʻohe hoʻokuʻu pesticide, a ke hoʻohana nei mākou i ka wai i hana hou ʻia a me nā mea kanu hana hou." "Ke hoʻohana nei ia i ka ikehu liʻiliʻi (ma mua o ka maʻamau)," wahi a Colangelo, e kamaʻilio ana no kāna hale hana mea kanu, i hana pū ʻia me Philips, ʻo ia ka mea nui loa ma ka honua.
Manaʻoʻo Colangelo e ulu koke ana kaʻoihana mahiʻai ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua wale nō:ʻo ka mua, nā ākea ākea i kanuʻia me nā huapalaoa e like me ka palaoa a me ka palaoa, hiki ke mālamaʻia no nā mahina a lawe mālie a puni ka honua - aia kēia mau mahiʻai ma kahi mamao mai nā kūlanakauhale . ʻO ka lua, ʻo nā mahiʻai kūpaʻa e ulu ai nā mea kanu pipiʻi a palaho e like me nā ʻōmato, nā kukama a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO kāna mahiʻai, i wehe ʻia i ʻApelila o kēia makahiki, manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui i $ 2-3 miliona i ka huli makahiki. Ke kūʻai aku nei ʻo Colangelo i kāna mau huahana inoa i nā hale ʻaina a me ka WholeFood distribution center (aia he 30 mau minuke wale nō), e hāʻawi ana i nā mea kanu hou i nā hale kūʻai 48 ma 8 mau mokuʻāina ʻo US.
"ʻO ka hana aʻe ʻo ka automation," wahi a Colangelo. Ma muli o ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana o nā moena, manaʻo ka luna o ka mea kanu e hiki ke hoʻohana i nā robotics a me nā mea ʻike e hoʻoholo ai i nā mea kanu i oʻo, ʻohi iā lākou, a hoʻololi iā lākou me nā mea kanu hou. "E like ia me Detroit me kāna mau hale hana automated kahi e hui ai nā robots i nā kaʻa. Hoʻākoakoa ʻia nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa mai nā ʻāpana i kauoha ʻia e nā mea kūʻai aku, ʻaʻole i hana nui ʻia. E kapa mākou i kēia "growing to order". E ʻohi mākou i nā mea kanu i ka wā e pono ai ka hale kūʻai. "
ʻO kahi hana hou hou aʻe i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai ʻo "ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā pahu pahu". ʻO lākou nā pahu ulu kū i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana, irrigation a me nā kukui me nā kukui diode. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau ipu, maʻalahi ke lawe a mālama ʻia, ʻehā ma luna o kekahi a waiho ʻia ma waho pono o nā hale kūʻai a me nā hale ʻaina e hāʻawi iā lākou i nā mea kanu hou.
Ua hoʻopiha mua kekahi mau hui i kēia niche. ʻO Growtainer i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Florida he hui e hana ana i nā mahiʻai holoʻokoʻa a me nā hoʻonā ma ka pūnaewele no nā hale ʻaina a me nā kula (kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai lākou ma ke ʻano he mau mea kōkua ʻike i ka biology). "Hoʻokomo wau i hoʻokahi miliona kālā i loko o kēia," wahi a Grotainer CEO Glen Berman, nāna i alakaʻi i nā mea kanu orchid ma Florida, Thailand, a me Vietnam no 40 mau makahiki a ʻo ia ka mea hoʻolaha nui loa o nā mea kanu ola ma US a me ʻEulopa. "Ua hoʻokō mākou i nā ʻōnaehana irrigation a me nā kukui," wahi āna. "Ke ulu nei mākou ma mua o ke ʻano maoli."
I kēia manawa, loaʻa iā ia nā kikowaena hoʻolaha, he nui nā mea e hana e like me ka ʻōnaehana "mea kūʻai aku": kūʻai aku lākou iā ʻoe i kahi pahu, a ʻo ʻoe iho e ulu i nā mea kanu. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Berman pūnaewele he "hoʻolaha ola" maikaʻi loa kēia mau pahu i hiki ke kau ʻia nā logo a me nā ʻike ʻē aʻe. Ke hana nei nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ma ke kumu ʻokoʻa - kūʻai aku lākou i nā ipu me kā lākou hōʻailona ponoʻī, kahi e ulu nei nā mea kanu. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻoiai he kumukūʻai nā papahana ʻelua no ka mea kūʻai aku.
"He ROI hoʻololi ko nā mahiʻai micro no kēlā me kēia wahi," wahi a Paul Lightfoot, Luna Nui o Bright Farms. Hoʻokumu ʻo Bright Farms i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo liʻiliʻi i hiki ke waiho ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka hale kūʻai, no laila e hōʻemi ana i ka manawa a me ke kumukūʻai o ka lawe ʻana. "Inā pono ʻoe e wela i kahi lumi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wela i ʻumi kilomika square ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mika."
ʻAʻole no ka ʻoihana kula kekahi o nā mea hana mahiʻai. Pēlā nō ʻo Bright Farms, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka 2007 non-profit project ScienceBarge, kahi prototype o kahi mahiʻai kūlanakauhale hou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka muliwai Hudson (New York). ʻO ia ka manawa i ʻike ai nā hale kūʻai kūʻai a puni ka honua i ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi no nā mea kanu hou, ulu kūloko.
Ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o 98% o ka letus i kūʻai ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai US ma Kaleponi i ke kauwela a ma Arizona i ka hoʻoilo, ʻo kona kumukūʻai (ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumukūʻai o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi ma ke komohana o ka ʻāina). . Ma Pennsylvania, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Bright Farms i kahi ʻaelike me kahi hale kūʻai kūʻai kūloko, loaʻa iā ia kahi hōʻaiʻē ʻauhau no ka hana ʻana i nā hana ma ka ʻāina, a kūʻai aku i kahi mahiʻai 120-heka. ʻO ka mahiʻai, e hoʻohana ana i kahi ʻōnaehana wai ua ma luna o ka hale a me nā hoʻonohonoho kūpaʻa e like me Saleb Harper's, kūʻai aku i $2 miliona ka waiwai o kāna mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ponoʻī i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā hale kūʻai ma New York a me Philadelphia kokoke.
"Ke hāʻawi nei mākou i kahi ʻokoʻa i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo West Coast ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi, ʻaʻole hou loa," wahi a Lightfoot. – He kumukūʻai nui nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo palaho no ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻāina. No laila ʻo ko mākou manawa kūpono kēia e hoʻolauna i kahi huahana maikaʻi aʻe. ʻAʻole pono mākou e hoʻolilo i ke kālā no ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi mamao lōʻihi. Aia kā mākou kumu waiwai ma waho o ka ʻenehana. ʻO kā mākou mea hou ke kumu ʻoihana ponoʻī. Mākaukau mākou e hoʻokō i kekahi ʻenehana e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻokō i nā hopena. "
Manaʻo ʻo Lightfoot ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa kahi paʻa i nā māla pahu pahu ma nā hale kūʻai nui ma muli o ka nele o ka uku. "Aia kekahi mau niches maoli, e like me nā greens pipiʻi no nā hale ʻaina koho," wahi a Lightfoot. "Akā ʻaʻole ia e hana i ka wikiwiki aʻu e hana nei. ʻOiai e hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia kēlā mau pahu i loko o ka pūʻali koa o ka moana ma Afghanistan. "
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā mea hou i ka mahiʻai e lawe mai i ka kaulana a me ka loaʻa kālā. ʻIke ʻia kēia ke nānā ʻoe i ka mahiʻai, aia ma 33 mau mika ma lalo o nā alanui o North Capham (wahi o Lākana). Ma ʻaneʻi, ma kahi hale hoʻoneʻe kaua kaua honua ma mua, ua hoʻonui ka mea kālepa ʻo Stephen Dring a me nā hoa hana i ka £ 1 miliona e hoʻohuli i nā wahi kūlanakauhale ʻaʻole i koi ʻia e hana i ka mahiʻai ʻokiʻoki e hoʻomau a loaʻa ka waiwai, a ulu maikaʻi i ka letus a me nā greens ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kāna hui, ʻo ZeroCarbonFood (ZCF, Zero Emission Food), e ulu ana i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā ʻāpana kū pololei me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana "tide": holoi ka wai ma luna o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ulu ana a laila hōʻiliʻili ʻia (hoʻoikaika ʻia me nā meaʻai) e hoʻohana hou ʻia. Ua kanu ʻia ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loko o ka lepo kūlohelohe i hana ʻia mai nā kāpeti i hana hou ʻia mai ka 'Olumepika Village ma Stratford. ʻO ka uila i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana e hele mai ia mai nā mīkini uila micro-hydroelectric liʻiliʻi. "He ua nui ko mākou ma Lākana," wahi a Dring. "No laila, hoʻokomo mākou i nā turbines i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahe wai, a hānai lākou iā mākou i ka ikehu." Ke hana nei hoʻi ʻo Dring i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kekahi o nā pilikia nui me ka ulu kū pololei: mālama ʻana i ka wela. "Ke ʻimi nei mākou pehea e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ai ka wela a lilo i uila, a pehea e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka carbon dioxide - hana ia e like me nā steroid ma nā mea kanu."
Ma Iapana hikina, kahi i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka ōlaʻi a me ke kai eʻe i ka makahiki 2001, ua hoʻololi kekahi loea mea kanu kaulana i kahi hale hana semiconductor Sony kahiko i ka lua o ka nui o ka mahiʻai i loko o ka honua. Me kahi o 2300 m2, Hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻia ka mahiʻai me 17500 low-energy electrodes (i hanaʻia e General Electric), a hana i nā poʻo 10000 o nā greens i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka hui ma hope o ka mahiʻai - Mirai ("Mirai" ʻo ia hoʻi "ka wā e hiki mai ana" ma ka ʻōlelo Kepanī) - ke hana nei me nā ʻenekini GE e hoʻokumu i kahi "hale ulu" ma Hong Kong a me Rusia. ʻO Shigeharu Shimamura, ka mea ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kēia papahana, ua hoʻokumu i kāna mau hoʻolālā no ka wā e hiki mai ana ma kēia ʻano: "I ka hope, ua mākaukau mākou e hoʻomaka i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai."
ʻAʻohe hemahema o ke kālā ma ka ʻoihana mahiʻai o ka ʻepekema i kēia manawa, a ʻike ʻia kēia i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea hou, mai nā mea i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home (he nui nā hana hoihoi ma Kickstarter, no ka laʻana, Niwa, hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā tōmato ma ka home i kahi mea kanu hydroponic i hoʻomalu ʻia i ka atamai), i ka honua. No ka laʻana, ua hui pū ʻo Silicon Valley ʻoihana pilikua ʻo SVGPartners me Forbes e hoʻokipa i kahi ʻaha kūkā ʻoihana mahiʻai honua i kēia makahiki aʻe. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, e lōʻihi ka manawa - he ʻumi makahiki a ʻoi aku paha - no ka mahiʻai hou e lanakila ai i kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka paiki ʻoihana meaʻai honua.
"ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻohe o mākou kumukūʻai kaʻa, ʻaʻohe hoʻokuʻu a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana waiwai," wahi a Harper. ʻO kekahi mea hoihoi i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻepekema: i kekahi lā e hiki iā mākou ke ʻoi aku ma mua o nā hiʻohiʻona kūloko o ka ulu ʻana i nā huahana meaʻai. E ulu nā hale ʻai i nā mea kanu i ko lākou ʻono, ma waho pono, i loko o nā pahu kūikawā. Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kukui, ka acid-base balance, ka mineral composition o ka wai, a i ʻole ka palena ʻana i ka irrigation, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomalu i ka ʻono o nā mea kanu - e ʻōlelo, e ʻoi aku ka ʻono o ka saladi. Me ka liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kāu mau mea kanu branded. "ʻAʻole e ulu hou nā hua waina maikaʻi loa ma ʻaneʻi," wahi a Harper. - "E" nā hua waina maikaʻi loa i ulu ma kēia mahiʻai ma Brooklyn. A ʻo ka chard maikaʻi loa mai kēlā mahiʻai ma Brooklyn. He mea kupanaha kēia”.
E hoʻokō ana ʻo Google i nā ʻike a Harper a me kāna hoʻolālā microfarm ma ka hale ʻaina o ko lākou keʻena ʻo Mountain View e hānai i nā limahana i ka meaʻai hou a olakino. Ua hoʻopili pū ʻia ʻo ia e kahi hui pulupulu e nīnau ana inā hiki ke ulu i ka pulupulu i loko o kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo hou (ʻaʻole maopopo ʻo Harper - hiki paha). ʻO ka papahana a Harper, ka OpenAgProject, ua hoʻokipa nui ʻia mai nā ʻoihana kula a me nā hui lehulehu ma Kina, India, ʻAmelika Waena, a me United Arab Emirates. A ʻo kekahi hoa pili kokoke i ka home, ʻo Michigan State University, e kokoke ana e hoʻohuli i kahi hale kūʻai kaʻa he 4600-square-foot mua ma waho o Detroit i mea e lilo ai i "factory vegetable vertical" nui loa o ka honua. "ʻAuhea kahi maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka automation, inā ʻaʻole ma Detroit? wahi a Harper. - A ke nīnau nei kekahi poʻe, "he aha ke ʻano o ka ʻenehana hou"? ʻO ia nō ʻo ia!”
* ʻO ka Aeroponics ka hana o ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu i ka lewa me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia o ka lepo, kahi e hāʻawi ʻia ai nā meaʻai i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu ma ke ʻano he aerosol.
** Aquaponics – ʻenehana kiʻekiʻehe ala kūpono o ka mahiʻai ʻana e hoʻohui i ka iʻa - e ulu ana i nā holoholona wai a me nā hydroponics - ulu i nā mea kanu me ka lepo ʻole.
***He ala lepo ʻole ka Hydroponics e ulu ai i nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole i loko o ka lepo ka mea kanu, akā i loko o kahi ea maʻemaʻe (ka wai, aerated maikaʻi, paʻa, akā ʻo ka moisture- a me ka ea-intensive a ʻoi aku ka porous) medium, hoʻopiha maikaʻi ʻia me nā minela, ma muli o nā hoʻonā kūikawā. Hāʻawi kēlā ʻano kaiapuni i ka oxygenation maikaʻi o nā rhizomes o ka mea kanu.