Loaʻa kēia ʻano anemia ma muli o ka nele o ka wikamina B12 (cobalamin). Pono ka Vitamin B12 no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, ma kahi kikoʻī. Lohi mālie kēia anemia, ma hope o nā mahina a i ʻole nā ​​makahiki o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka wikamina. ʻO ka kūpuna ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻopilikia loa ʻia: ma kahi o 12% o lākou i ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻeha ana mai kahi hemahema o kēia wikamina, me ka ʻole o ka anemia¹.

Loaʻa ka Wikamina B12 i ka ʻai ʻana mea ʻai nā kumu holoholona, ​​e like me ka ʻiʻo, nā hua manu, nā iʻa a me nā pūpū. No ka hapanui o ka poʻe, hāʻawi ka ʻai i ka kino i ʻoi aku ka nui o B12 ma mua o ka mea e pono ai. Mālama ʻia ka ʻoi loa i ke ake. Hiki ke ʻeha i ka anemia mai ka nele o B12 i ka papaʻai, akā kākaʻikahi ia. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, nā hopena o ka anemia mai kahi pilikia meka hopena o nā wikamina.

THEanemia ʻaʻano pernicious e hoʻopili i 2% a 4% o ka lehulehu². ʻImi ʻia paha ia no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻōuli e ʻike.

Nā kumu

He hiki ʻole ke hana maikaʻi mea hoʻoiho ka wikamina B12 i loko o ka meaʻai: ʻo kēia kumu ka mea maʻamau. Eia nā mea nui i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka lawe maikaʻi ʻole ʻana.

• ʻO ka nele o ke kumu intrinsic. ʻO ka mea intrinsic kahi mole i hūnā ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū e ʻae ai i ka omo ʻana o ka huaora B12 i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā ia (e nānā i ke kiʻikuhi). No ka paʻa ma waena o ka intrinsic factor a me B12 e hana, pono e loaʻa kahi kekelē maʻamau o ka acidity i loko o ka ʻōpū. Ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka anemia e ka nele o ke kumu intrinsic, kāhea ʻia iaanemia ʻaʻano pernicious aiʻole anemia o Biermer. Hoʻopili ke kumu genetic. 

• Low acidity i loko o ka ʻōpū. 60% a 70% o nā hemahema o ka wikamina B12 i kūpuna no ka nele o ka gastric acidity¹. Me nā makahiki, hūnā nā huna ʻōpū i ka liʻiliʻi o ka waikawa ʻōpū a me ka mea liʻiliʻi pū kekahi. Loaʻa pinepine a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia o nā lāʻauʻona ʻalalā³, e like me nā histamine blockers (e like me ranitidine) akā kikoʻī ʻia mai ka papa o nā mea kūpale proton pump (eg omeprazole), hoʻonui pū i ka makaʻi¹.
• Lawe iā metformin. ʻO ka poʻe e lawe ana i ka metformin, i ka manawa pinepine e mālama i ka maʻi diabetes, ʻoi aku ka makaʻu no ka nele o ka wikamina B12⁴.

• ʻO ka maʻi Autoimmune (Maʻi ʻo Graves, thyroiditis, vitiligo, a pēlā aku): i kēia mau hihia, e nakinaki nā autoantibodies i ka mea intrinsic, e hiki ʻole ai ke hoʻopaʻa i ka wikamina B12. 

• Maʻi maʻi ʻōpū, ka mea e pale ai i ka hele ʻana o ka wikamina B12 ma o ka paia o ka ʻōpū (e laʻa me Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, a i ʻole celiac disease). Lawe pinepine ʻia ke kauka e lawe i nā mea hoʻopiha wikamina e pale i nā hemahema. I ke kumu o ka maʻi celiac, hoʻi ka omo o ka lāʻau B12 i ka maʻamau ke lawe ʻia ka papaʻai gluten-ʻole. ʻO nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e alakaʻi ana i ka malabsorption, e like me ka pancreatitis mau loa a i ʻole ka loaʻa pinepine ʻana i ka parasite infestation e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka wikamina B12.

• Kekahi ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpū ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa i nā maʻi i ka pāʻina vitamin B12 kāohi.
  

  Anemia paha kekahi ma muli o ka ka nele o ka wikamina B12 in lako hou. Akā kākaʻikahi kēia kūlana, no ka mea, he liʻiliʻi wale ia o B12 e hālāwai me nā pono o ke kino. Eia hou, hiki i kēia mea ke hana i nā mālama mālama nui, i hiki ke lawa i nā pono i nā makahiki 3 a 4 paha. ʻO nā mea mālama i ka vegetarianism koʻikoʻi (i kapa ʻia hoʻi veganism), ʻaʻole e hoʻopau i ka protein o ke kumu holoholona, ​​hiki ke ʻeha i ka anemia, i ka wā lōʻihi, inā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokō i kā lākou B12 pono (e ʻike Prevent). Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi he 92% o ka poʻe vegan i hemahema i ka wikamina B12 inā ʻaʻole lākou e lawe i kahi pākuʻi, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 11% o nā omnivores.⁵.

Evolution

THEwikamina B12 hemahema anemia hoʻonohonoho lohi me ka lohi. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke mālama koke ʻia kēia anemia me ka maʻalahi. Mai nā lā mua o ka mālama ʻana, emi nā ʻōuli. I loko o kekahi mau pule, hiki ke hoʻoponopono pinepine ʻia ka hemahema.

Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e mālama i kēia ʻano anemia, no ka mea, i loko o nā makahiki, nā hōʻailona neʻe hiki ke ʻike ʻia (numbness a me ke kani ʻana i nā kihi, ka haunaele hele, ke ʻano o ke ʻano, ke kaumaha, psychosis, nā ʻōuli o ka dementia, a pēlā aku.). Lōʻihi aku kēia mau ʻōuli e nalo (i kekahi manawa ʻo 6 mau mahina a ʻoi paha). I kekahi manawa aia nō ke hoʻomau.

ʻOi aku ka makaʻu o nā ʻōpū pernicious anemia i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ma mua o ke koena o ka lehulehu.

PalekanaEND_LINK

THEanemia ma muli o ka nele o B12 hiki ke ʻike ʻia e nā hoʻokolohua koko like ʻole. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe i lalo nā hōʻailona:

• kahi hoʻemi i ka helu o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, nā hunaola keokeo a me nā platelet;
• kahi hoʻemi i ka hematocrit, ʻo ia ka nui o ka nui o nā hunaola e pili ana i ke koko.
• kahi pae hemoglobin i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia;
• kahi hoʻonui i ka nui o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula (ke ʻano o ka nui o ka globular a i ʻole MCV): noho paʻa paha ia inā loaʻa ka anemia hemahema hao (hemahema hao);
• kahi loli i ke ʻano o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula a me nā hunaola keokeo, i ʻike ʻia e ke ninaninau ʻana i kahi pāheʻe koko.
• Hiki i ka wikamina B12 hemahema me ka ʻole o ka anemia.

Nānā ke kauka i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka wikamina B12, ka waikawa folic a me ka hao i loko o ke koko. Pono mākou e ʻike i ke kumu o ka anemia. Inā ʻike ʻia ka hemahema o ka wikamina B12, hana pinepine ʻia nā autoantibodies intrinsic factor.