ʻO ka makapō ka nalo ʻana o nā mākau ʻike, ʻāpana a i ʻole ka huina. ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka makapō a me ka hoʻokele wikiwiki ʻana e hiki ke kaupalena i nā pilikia.

ʻO ka makapō kahi maʻi ʻike e hōʻike ʻia ana e ka hemahema ʻike. He nui a emi mai paha keia hemahema. Hiki ke pili i ka huina pau o ka hiki ke ike.

I kēia manawa, kokoke i ka 285 miliona mau kānaka i ka honua i loaʻa i kahi pilikia ʻike. ʻO kēia mau mea, he 39 miliona mau makapō a he 246 miliona i loaʻa i ka emi ʻana o ka hiki ke ʻike.

Hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia kēlā me kēia makahiki e ka ulu ʻana o ka makapō. ʻO nā kānaka ma nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka hopena o kēia ʻano.

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka poʻe ʻelemakule e hoʻomohala i kēlā ʻano pathology. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, kokoke i 65% o ka poʻe e hōʻike nei i kahi makapō ʻoi aʻe a emi ʻole paha ma mua o 50 mau makahiki. ʻO ka makapō i ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻia ma mua o ka makahiki 15 e pono ai ka hoʻokele wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki i mea e kaupalena ʻia ai ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi.

Hiki ke ʻike, hiki ke pale ʻia a mālama ʻia ke kanaka maʻi. Wahi a ka International Classification of Diseases, hiki i nā ʻāpana 4 ke wehewehe i ka hana ʻike:

• ʻO ka ʻike maʻamau me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino
• ʻAʻole ʻike maka
• ʻOi aku ka pilikia o ka nānā ʻana
• ʻO ka makapō, a i ʻole ka nalowale loa o ka ʻike.

A laila hoʻomaka ka makapō, nā hemahema ʻike a pau, mai ka mea liʻiliʻi a i ka mea koʻikoʻi.

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mau kumu i ka ulu ʻana o ka makapō. Ma waena o ia mau mea:

• ka ʻike ʻole, e like me ka myopia, hypertropemia, astigmacy, etc.
• nā mea ʻino ʻole o ka cataract, ʻaʻole i pili i ke ʻoki.
• ka ulu ʻana o ka glaucoma (pathology of the eyeball).

ʻOi aku ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike maka, ma muli o ka mea maʻi. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wikiwiki a me ka hikiwawe ke kōkua i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pilikia a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hemahema.

ʻO ka holomua o ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike, a hiki i ka nui o ka nalowale hiki ke hiki a hoʻonui ʻia i ka pōʻaiapili o ka mālama ʻole.

I loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka makapō piha, ʻo ia ka pau ʻana o ka hiki ke ʻike.

Hiki i ka makapō hapa ke alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o kēia mau hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona:

• hihio pohihihi
• pilikia ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano
• hoemi i ka ike maka ma na wahi pouli
• emi ka ike i ka po
• hoʻonui i ka naʻau i ka mālamalama

Ma waena o nā kumu pilikia o ka makapō, hiki iā mākou ke haʻi:

• ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pathology o ka maka, ʻoi aku ka glaucoma
• ka maʻi maʻi a me ka pōʻino o ka lolo (stroke)
• ka maka o ka maka
• ʻike i nā huahana ʻona i nā maka

ʻO ka hānau mua ʻana hoʻi e piʻi aʻe ka pilikia o ka makapō no ke keiki.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka makapō e pili ana i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā aniani a me / a i ʻole nā ​​leka pili. Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ke ʻokiʻoki, no nā hihia koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau hiki ke lilo i ʻāpana o kēia mālama ʻana i ka makapō.

ʻO ka nui o ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike e pono ai i nā ala ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻokele: heluhelu ʻana i ka Braille, ke alo o kahi ʻīlio alakaʻi, kahi hui o kona ola i kēlā me kēia lā e like me ia, etc.