He aha kāu e pono ai e ʻike e pili ana i ka maʻi diabetes: kahi papa inoa mai ka endocrinologist

ʻO nā hoʻomohala ʻana e ka mea kālaihana lapaʻau Kanada ʻo Frederick Bunting i hoʻololi i ka maʻi diabetic mai kahi maʻi make i loko o kahi maʻi maʻi.

I ka 1922, ua hāʻawi ʻo Banting i kāna injection insulina mua i kahi keikikāne diabetic a hoʻopakele i kona ola. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki i hala mai ia manawa, a ua holomua ka ʻepekema i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o kēia maʻi.

I kēia lā, ʻo ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes - a aneane he 70 miliona o lākou i ka honua, e like me ka WHO, - hiki ke ola lōʻihi a me ka hana, ke mālama ʻia nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau.

Akā hiki ʻole ke maʻi diabeta, a eia kekahi, ke hele mau nei ka maʻi i kēia mau lā. Me ke kōkua o kahi loea, ua hōʻuluʻulu mākou i kahi alakaʻi diabetes no nā mea heluhelu Healthy Food Near Me, e ʻohiʻohi nei i ka ʻike kūpono e pono ai nā kānaka āpau e ʻike, no ka mea he nui nā mea o mākou e makaʻu nei.

ʻO ka haukapila hōʻailona "Avicenna", Novosibirsk

He aha ka maʻi diabetes a pehea ka weliweli? He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o 2 ʻano nui o ka maʻi?

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus (DM) kahi hui o nā maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻonui mau ʻana o ka glucose (i kapa ʻia he kō) i loko o ke koko. Hiki iā ia ke kumu i ka hōʻino a me ka hana ʻole o nā mea like ʻole - nā maka, nā puʻupaʻa, nā aʻa, nā puʻuwai a me nā kīʻaha koko. 

ʻO ka mahele maʻamau ʻo 2 diabetes maʻamau ʻo 90% o nā hihia a pau i ʻike ʻia o ka maʻi.

I ka mana maʻamau, hiki mai kēia ʻano maʻi diabetes i nā mākua kaumaha me nā maʻi puʻuwai concomitant. Akā i kēia mau lā, ke nānā nei nā endocrinologists ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ka ʻano "e hoʻoulu hou" i kēia maʻi.

Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ka maʻi diabetes type 1 i ka wā kamaliʻi a i ʻole ke ʻōpio a ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻomaka nui ʻana o ka maʻi, e koi pinepine ana i ka haukapila.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka mua a me ka lua o ka maʻi diabetes ka hiki a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻole o kāna insulin ponoʻī. ʻO ka insulin ka hone i hana ʻia e ka pancreas i ka pane ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ke kō kō.

No ka laʻana, i ka wā e ʻai ai ke kanaka i ka ʻāpala, ua wāwahi ʻia nā haʻahaʻa paʻakikī i loko o ka digestive tract i nā kō maʻalahi a komo i loko o ke kahe koko. Hoʻomaka ka piʻi ʻana o ke kō koko - lilo kēia i hōʻailona no ka pancreas e hana i ke ʻano kūpono o ka insulin, a ma hope o kekahi mau minuke e hoʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko i ka maʻamau. Mahalo i kēia ʻano hana i loko o kahi kanaka me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus a me nā maʻi o ka metabolism carbohydrate, mau ka pae glucose koko maʻamau, ʻoiai inā ʻai ʻo ia i nā mea momona. Ua ʻai nui au - ua hoʻonui ka pancreas i ka insulin. 

No ke aha e pili ai ka momona a me ka maʻi diabetes? Pehea ka hopena o kekahi i kekahi?

ʻO ka momona a me ke kaupaona nui nā mea pilikia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. ʻO ka waiho ʻana o nā mālama momona i ka ʻōpū he mea weliweli loa ia. ʻO kēia kahi hōʻailona o ka momona momona visceral (kūloko), kahi i paʻa ai ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka insulin - ke kumu nui o ka maʻi kō 2. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, paʻakikī paʻakikī ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kōkō, ʻoiai ke kumu o ka maʻi i hoʻololi i nā loli biochemical i loko o ke kino. pili pili kekahi i kekahi. No laila, he mea nui loa ke kuhikuhi pololei ʻana i ka hoʻōla ʻaʻole wale no ka normalize ʻana i ke kō kō, akā e hōʻemi ai hoʻi i ka kaumaha. 

I ka manawa hea e pono ai nā hoʻopili ʻana o ka insulin, a i ka manawa hea e hiki ai ke pale aku?

I ka maʻi diabetes type 1, luku ʻia nā hunaola i ka pancreas e hana i ka insulin. ʻAʻohe o ke kino i kāna insulin ponoʻī, a ʻaʻohe ala kūlohelohe e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i ke kō kō. I kēia hihia, pono ka lāʻau insulin (ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka insulin me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lakohana kūikawā, nā peni syringe a i ʻole nā ​​pump insulin).

Ma kahi o 100 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka insulin, ʻo ke ola o nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes type 1 mai ka mau mahina a i ka 2-3 mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi. I kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia manawa ke hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā mea maʻi, akā e hemo hoʻi i nā palena kiʻekiʻe loa no lākou.

Me ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2, ʻaʻole e hoʻemi ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna insulin ponoʻī, a i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana pololei. ʻO ka pinepine o kēia hana ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike o nā kino o ke kino i kēia hōmona, kū ka pale ʻana o ka insulin. No laila, ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻano 2 ma muli o ka non-insulin therapy - papa a me nā lāʻau i hoʻokomo ʻia, i kuhi ʻia, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, i ka hana ʻana o ka insulin ponoʻī.

He aha ke ʻano o ka maʻi diabetes e hiki ai i nā wahine ke alo?

ʻO kekahi ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi diabetes mellitus ʻo ia ka maʻi diabetes gestational. ʻO kēia ka piʻi ʻana o ke kō koko i ka wā hāpai, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā pilikia no ka pēpē a me ka wahine. No ka ʻike ʻana i kēia maʻi, hoʻāʻo ʻia nā wahine hāpai a pau no ka hoʻokē ʻai koko glucose i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāpai ʻana a hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka glucose tolerance i nā wiki he 24-26 o ka hāpai ʻana. Inā ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻino, hoʻouna ka gynecologist i ka mea maʻi no ke kūkākūkā me kahi endocrinologist e hoʻoholo i ka pilikia o ka lāʻau.

ʻO kekahi hōʻailona gynecological e pili ana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2 he polycystic ovary syndrome, a, e like me ke ʻano diabetes 2, hoʻokumu ʻia hoʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka insulin. No laila, inā ʻike ʻia ka wahine me kēia kuhi e kahi gynecologist, pono ia e kāpae i ka maʻi diabetes a me ka prediabetes. 

Aia kekahi "mau ʻano diabetes ʻē aʻe" e kū kūʻē ana i ke kumu o kekahi mau maʻi, ke lawe nei i nā lāʻau a me nā hopena o nā kīnā genetika, akā he helu kākaʻikahi ka helu.

ʻO wai ka pilikia? He aha nā mea i hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi kō.

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus kahi maʻi me kahi predisposition hoʻoilina, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi i kēlā poʻe kānaka nona ka ʻohana pili e ʻeha i kēia maʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka likelika o ke keiki e hoʻomōhala ana i ka maʻi diabetic type 1 he 6% inā loaʻa ka maʻi i kona makuakāne, 2% - i ka makuahine, a 30-35% inā loaʻa ka maʻi diabetes type 1 i nā mākua ʻelua.

Eia naʻe, inā ʻaʻohe maʻi diabetes ka ʻohana, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻoia i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi. ʻAʻohe ala o ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes type 1.

No ka maʻi diabetes type 2, ʻike ka poʻe loea i nā mea pilikia mau i hiki ʻole iā mākou ke hoʻohuli hou. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau makahiki: ma mua o 45 mau makahiki, ke kū ʻana o nā hoahānau me ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2, ka maʻi kō ma mua i ka wā i hala (a i ʻole ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki i kaupaona ʻia ma mua o 4 kg).

A ʻo nā mea e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e like me ke kaupaona a obesity paha, ka hana maʻa mau i ke kino, ke koko kiʻekiʻe a me nā kiʻekiʻe kolesterol. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻo kēia ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kino a me ka normalizing ʻana i ke koko e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ke ʻano he diabetes ʻelua. 

He aha nā hoʻokolohua āu e pono ai e lawe inā manaʻo ʻoe he diabetes mellitus?

E hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia, pono ʻoe e lawe i kahi hoʻokolohua glucose koko wikiwiki. ʻO ka hōʻailona maʻamau kahi pae o ke kō glucose ma lalo o 6,1 mmol / L inā hāʻawi ʻoe i ke koko mai kahi aa a ma lalo o 5,6 mmol / L inā hāʻawi ʻoe i ke koko mai ka manamana lima.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hemoglobin glycosylated i loko o ke koko, e hōʻike ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose koko ma mua o 3 mau mahina i hala. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hoʻololi ʻana i kēia mau palena, e hoʻopili aku i kahi endocrinologist, nāna e alakaʻi i kahi hoʻokolokolo hou aʻe a kuhikuhi i ka lāʻau kūpono. 

He aha inā inā ua hōʻoia kahi loea i ka hōʻailona?

Inā ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe me ka maʻi diabetes, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e makaʻu, akā pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo pono i kēia, a ʻo ka mea mua e hana ai ke loaʻa kahi endocrinologist me ʻoe e nānā mau ai. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi, e hoʻoholo ke kauka i ke ʻano o ka diabetes mellitus, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka huna ʻana o ka insulin, ke kū ʻana o nā kūpilikiʻi a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi kō a kuhikuhi i ka lapaʻau kūpono.

Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻōla lāʻau, kūkākūkā ʻia nā kumuwaiwai a me nā hana hoʻoikaika kino me kahi endocrinologist, ka mea e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kō. Ma ka home, hoʻokō ʻia ka nānā pono ʻana o ka glucose koko me kahi mea kūikawā - he glomometer, i mea e loiloi ai i ka maikaʻi o nā kuhikuhi. Pono ʻoe e kipa aku i ka endocrinologist hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 1-3 mahina, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka maʻi, ʻoiai e mālama ana i ke kō o ke kō i nā waiwai maʻamau, koi ʻia nā huakaʻi liʻiliʻi i ke kauka. 

Aia kekahi mau lapaʻau hou no ka maʻi kō?

ʻOiai ʻo 10 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua manaʻo ʻia ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2 he maʻi holomua, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka hōʻemi iki ʻana, ka ulu ʻana o nā pilikia; alakaʻi pinepine ia i ke kīnā. I kēia manawa aia kekahi mau hui hou o nā lāʻau e hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono i ka glucose koko a hoʻēmi i ka makaʻu o nā pilikia.

ʻO ke kīʻaha Metabolic kahi ʻano o ke kaha ʻana ma ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, kahi e alakaʻi ai i kahi loli i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka meaʻai a me ka hana ʻana o kekahi mau hormones a me nā enzyme, e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e lilo i ka paona a normalize ke kō kō.

ʻO ke kala ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2 ma 50-80%, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hana i hana ʻia. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke ʻano kūpono loa o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes. ʻO ka hōʻailona no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka metabolic no ka maʻi diabetes type 2 he helu nui kino (BMI) ʻoi aku ma mua o 35 kg / m2 a i ʻole hiki ʻole i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka maʻi kō me ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka BMI o 30-35 kg / m2.

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