Kulanakauhale o Fredonia. Ke Kulanui o ka Mokuʻāina ʻo New York Research Center.
Lawe ʻia he ʻumi ʻumi ʻumi me nā lepili o nā wai inu wai kaulana i ka hale hana. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pahu i loko o kahi wahi i pale ʻia, a ua hana nā loea i nā lole keʻokeʻo i kahi hana maʻalahi: ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi dye kūikawā (Nile Red) i loko o ka hue, e pili ana i nā microparticles plastic a ʻālohilohi i kekahi mau kukuna o ka spectrum. No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke loiloi i ka pae o ka ʻike o nā mea ʻino i loko o ka wai, i hāʻawi ʻia e inu i kēlā me kēia lā.
Ke hana ikaika nei ʻo WHO me nā hui like ʻole. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai he hana ia na Orb Media, he hui nūpepa nui. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo 250 mau hue wai mai 9 mau ʻāina o ka honua mai nā mea hana nui i loko o ka hale hana. He pōʻino ka hopena - ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia manawa i loaʻa nā meheu o ka plastic.
Ua hōʻuluʻulu maikaʻi ʻo Polofesa Chemistry ʻo Sherry Mason i ke aʻo ʻana: “ʻAʻole ia e pili ana i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā hōʻailona kikoʻī. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi e pili ana kēia i kēlā me kēia kanaka. "
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻo ka plastic ka mea kaulana loa no ka palaualelo o kēia lā, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻole naʻe i maopopo inā komo ka plastic i ka wai, a he aha ka hopena i ke kino, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana. ʻO kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo he mea nui loa ka noiʻi ʻana o WHO.
kokua
No ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā meaʻai i kēia lā, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano polymers. ʻO nā mea kaulana loa he polyethylene terephthalate (PET) a i ʻole polycarbonate (PC). No ka manawa lōʻihi ma USA, ke aʻo nei ka FDA i ka hopena o nā hue plastik ma ka wai. Ma mua o ka makahiki 2010, ua hōʻike ke Keʻena i ka nele o ka ʻikepili helu no ka nānā ʻana. A ma Ianuali 2010, ua kāhāhā ka FDA i ka lehulehu me kahi hōʻike kikoʻī a nui e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana o ka bisphenol A i loko o nā ʻōmole, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka lāʻau make (ke emi ʻana o ka wahine a me nā hormones thyroid, hōʻino i ka hana hormonal).
ʻO ka mea mahalo, hoʻi i ka makahiki 1997, ua alakaʻi ʻo Iapana i nā haʻawina kūloko a haʻalele i ka bisphenol ma ka pae aupuni. ʻO kēia wale nō kekahi o nā mea, ʻaʻole pono ka pilikia o ka hōʻoia. A ʻehia mau mea ʻē aʻe i loko o nā ʻōmole e hoʻopōʻino i ke kanaka? ʻO ke kumu o ka noiʻi ʻana o WHO e hoʻoholo inā komo lākou i loko o ka wai i ka wā mālama. Inā he ʻae ka pane, a laila hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻeke meaʻai holoʻokoʻa.
Wahi a nā palapala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻōmole i aʻo ʻia, ʻaʻole lākou e pōʻino loa a ua loaʻa i kahi ʻano o nā haʻawina e pono ai. ʻAʻole kēia he mea kupanaha. Akā ʻoi aku ka hoihoi o kēia ʻōlelo a nā ʻelele o nā mea hana wai wai.
Manaʻo lākou i kēia lā ʻaʻohe kūlana no ka ʻae ʻia o ka plastic i ka wai. A ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka hopena i nā kānaka mai kēia mau mea. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ia i ka "lobby paka" a me nā ʻōlelo "e pili ana i ka nele o nā hōʻike o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka paka i ke olakino", i hana ʻia ma 30 mau makahiki i hala ...
ʻO kēia wale nō ka hoʻohiki ʻana o ka hoʻokolokolo e koʻikoʻi. Ua hōʻoia mua kahi hui o nā loea i alakaʻi ʻia e Professor Mason i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka plastic i nā laʻana o ka wai paipu, ka wai kai a me ka ea. Ua loaʻa i nā haʻawina profile ka manaʻo nui a me ka hoihoi mai ka lehulehu ma hope o ka palapala BBC "The Blue Planet", e kamaʻilio ana e pili ana i ka haumia o ka honua me ka plastic.
Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā ʻano wai o ka hue wai i ka wā mua o ka hana:
Nā ʻano wai wai honua: · Aquafina · Dasani · ʻEvian · Nestle · Maʻemaʻe · Ola · San Pellegrino
| Nā alakaʻi o ka mākeke National: Aqua (Indonesia) · Bisleri (Inia) Epura (Mekiko) · Gerolsteiner (Kelemānia) · Minalba (Palaila) · Wahaha (Kina) |
Ua kūʻai ʻia ka wai ma nā hale kūʻai nui a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kūʻai ʻana ma ke wikiō. Ua kauoha ʻia kekahi mau hōʻailona ma o ka Pūnaewele - ua hōʻoia kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka wai.
Ua mālama ʻia ka wai me nā mea pena a hele i loko o kahi kānana kūikawā e kānana i nā ʻāpana ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 100 microns (ka mānoanoa lauoho). Ua kālailai ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana he plastic.
Ua mahalo nui ʻia ka hana i hana ʻia e ka poʻe ʻepekema. No laila, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Kauka Andrew Myers (University of East Anglia) i ka hana a ka hui "he kumu hoʻohālike o ka kemika analytical kiʻekiʻe". Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Michael Walker, ʻo Michael Walker, ka mea aʻoaʻo kemika aupuni, "ua hana ʻia ka hana ma ka manaʻo maikaʻi".
Manaʻo ka poʻe loea aia ka plastik i loko o ka wai i ka wā e wehe ai i ka ʻōmole. No ka "maʻemaʻe" o ke aʻo ʻana i nā laʻana no ka hele ʻana o ka plastic, ua nānā ʻia nā mea āpau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana, me ka wai distilled (no ka holoi ʻana i nā mea hana hana), acetone (no ka diluting i ka wai). He mea liʻiliʻi ka ʻike o ka plastic i kēia mau mea (e like me ka lewa). ʻO ka nīnau nui loa no ka poʻe ʻepekema i kū mai ma muli o ka pālahalaha nui ʻana o nā hopena: ma 17 mau laʻana mai ka 259, ʻaʻohe mea plastic, i kekahi mau mea he liʻiliʻi loa ia, a ma kahi ʻē aʻe i hele i waho.
ʻO nā mea hana o ka meaʻai a me ka wai lokahi e haʻi aku i kā lākou hana ʻana i ka kānana wai multi-stage, kāna kikoʻī kikoʻī a me ka nānā ʻana. I loko o ka manawa holoʻokoʻa o ka hana, ʻike ʻia nā koena o ka plastic i loko o ka wai. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia ma Nestle, Coca-Cola, Gerolsteiner, Danone a me nā hui ʻē aʻe.
Ua hoʻomaka ke aʻo ʻana i ka pilikia e kū nei. He aha ka mea e hiki mai ana - na ka manawa e haʻi. Manaʻo mākou e hiki i ke aʻo ʻana i kona hoʻopau hope ʻana, ʻaʻole e waiho i kahi ʻāpana nūhou i ka nūhou ...