Caviar keʻokeʻo

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano caviar mai ka muliwai a me nā iʻa kai i manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻono. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka sturgeon ʻeleʻele maikaʻi loa, ka salmon ʻulaʻula a me ka cod caviar Icelandic maloʻo hiki ke kiʻekiʻe loa, akā ʻo ka beluga caviar keʻokeʻo i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea kūʻai nui a hanohano.

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Beluga ʻo ia ka iʻa nui loa mai ka ʻohana sturgeon ^[1]. ʻO kona kaumaha awelika hiki i 50 kilokani. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka ʻiʻo beluga liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻai ʻia, kālua, kālua ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia no nā kebab iʻa. ʻAʻole ia e ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻāpana, paʻa i ke ʻano a ʻae maikaʻi i ka mālama wela. Akā, lawelaweʻia ka caviar beluga i nā'āpana liʻiliʻi ma keʻano he mea waiwai loa o kaʻai.

He aha kāu e ʻike ai e pili ana i ka beluga a me ka caviar keʻokeʻo, pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kahi huahana maikaʻi mai ka hoʻopunipuni, a he mea pono ke hoʻolilo i kāu waiwai waiwai ma kēia meaʻai kai?

Nā hiʻohiʻona huahana maʻamau

He iʻa ʻo Beluga mai ka ʻohana sturgeon ^[2]. Aia kēia ʻano i loko o ka Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Beluga ʻo ia ka iʻa wai nui loa, a ʻo ke kaumaha o nā ʻelele nui loa o kēia ʻohana hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mau tona.

Hōʻike ʻia ka beluga e kahi ihu pōkole, kuhikuhi ʻia i luna, akā palupalu a pale ʻole ma nā ʻaoʻao. Nui ka waha o ka iʻa, lunate, ʻoki ka lehelehe lalo. Hoʻopili ʻia nā antennae Beluga ma nā ʻaoʻao a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā lau-like appendages. Ua ulu pū nā ʻiʻo gill o ka iʻa a lilo i ʻāpana manuahi ma lalo o ke ākea intergill a ʻo ia kekahi o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona. Ua uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka beluga i nā iwi iwi. Ua pena ʻia ke kua i loko o kahi malu hina-ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻōpū, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, he māmā. ^[3].

He mea kupanaha ka nui o ka beluga. ʻO kekahi o nā iʻa wai nui loa a hiki i 4-5 mika ka lōʻihi. Wahi a ka ʻikepili i hōʻoia ʻole ʻia i loaʻa mai ka poʻe lawaiʻa a me nā mea lawaiʻa ʻoihana, ua hālāwai lākou me nā poʻe nui nui a hiki i ka 2 tons a me 9 mika ka lōʻihi.

Hoihoi: mālama ʻia nā iʻa nui i loko o nā hale hōʻikeʻike. No ka laʻana, ua mālama ʻia kahi beluga i hopu ʻia i ka makahiki 1989 i ka hale hōʻikeʻike Astrakhan. He 966 kilokani kona kaumaha, a he 4 mika kona loa. ^[4]. ʻOi aku ma mua o 100 kilokani caviar i loaʻa mai ka holoholona.

Kūā

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Beluga he iʻa anadromous. Aia kekahi hapa o kona pōʻaiapuni i loko o ke kai, a ʻo kekahi hapa ma nā muliwai e kahe ana i loko. ʻO ka wahi noho nui ka Black, Azov a me Caspian Seas. Mai laila mai, komo ka iʻa i loko o nā muliwai e hoʻohua ai. Inā he nui ka poʻe beluga ma mua, i kēia manawa aia kēia ʻano ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka luku ʻana. Ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā iʻa i hopu ʻia a me ke kūʻai hou ʻana aku i ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe.

A hiki i ka 70s o ke kenekulia XX, noho ka iʻa i ke Kai Adriatic, mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i ka muliwai Po. Akā, ua nalowale ka beluga mai kēia wahi, a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma ke kahakai Adriatic i nā makahiki he 30 i hala.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ua pau ka heluna iʻa Adriatic.

Hoʻoulu / hoʻohua

Hiki i ke kaʻina ola o ka iʻa ke hiki i ka hōʻailona o 100 mau makahiki, no laila ua helu ʻia ka ʻohana he lōʻihi ke ola. Aneane pau nā sturgeons e hoa a hoʻomomona i nā hua i nā manawa he nui i ko lākou ola. ʻAʻole pololei kēia no nā iʻa a pau. No ka laʻana, make koke ka salmon Pākīpika ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. I ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, hoʻi ka beluga i kona wahi maʻamau: mai ka muliwai a i ke kai.

ʻO ka caviar i hana ʻia ma lalo a paʻa. ʻO ka nui o ka fry mai ka 1,5 a 2,5 kenimika. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka palai ʻōwili i loko o ke kai, akā ke kau nei kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i nā kahawai a noho ma laila a hiki i 5-6 mau makahiki. ʻO ka male ʻana o ka wahine i ka makahiki 13-18 mau makahiki, a i nā kāne ma 16-27 mau makahiki (ua hāʻule ka manawa hana i ka makahiki 22 o ke ola).

ʻO ka fecundity o ka iʻa e pili ana i ka nui o ka wahine, akā ʻokoʻa ka awelika mai 500 a 1 miliona mau hua. I nā hihia kūikawā, hiki i kēia helu ke hiki i 5 miliona.

Migration

No ka manawa o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, neʻe ka iʻa i nā muliwai: mai ke Kai ʻEleʻele a hiki i ka Danube a me Dnieper, mai Azov a hiki i Don a me Kuban, a mai Caspian a hiki i Kura, Terek, Ural a me Volga. Hoʻomaka ka holo ʻana i ka mahina o Malaki a hoʻopau i Dekemaba. Noho nā ʻohana iʻa liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻoilo ma nā muliwai, akā hoʻi ka hapa nui i ke kai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka meaʻai

Ma ke kaulahao meaʻai, ua helu ʻia ka beluga ma ke ʻano he predator. ʻAi nui ia i ka iʻa. Hōʻike koke ke ʻano predatory iā ia iho ma hope o ka hānau ʻana: hoʻomaka ka palai e ʻimi i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā mollusks.

ʻOiaʻiʻo: Ua loaʻa i nā ʻepekema nā keiki i loko o ka ʻōpū Caspian Beluga.

ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai Beluga me ka meaʻai like loa a me ka nohona:

• zander;
• asp;
• pike;
• sturgeon;
• stellate sturgeon.

Ka pilina kanaka me ka iʻa a me ka mea nui no ka ʻoihana meaʻai

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Beluga he iʻa ʻoihana waiwai. A hiki i nā makahiki 90, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hopu beluga ma mua o 10% o ka nui o ka hopu sturgeon makahiki. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 90, ua emi mau ka pae o ka lawaiʻa ʻoihana ^[5]. Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka a me ka pale ʻana i nā iʻa e ka International Union for Conservation of Nature ^[6].

Hoʻohana ke kanaka i ka ʻiʻo, nā ʻōpū, ka ʻili, ke poʻo a me ka caviar o ka beluga. ʻO ka nui o ka momona i loko o ke kino o ka iʻa he 7%, i loko o ka ʻōpū - 4%; ʻO ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka caviar - 15%. Hoʻomaʻalili ʻia ka ʻiʻo Beluga, maloʻo, hoʻolapalapa ʻia, canned a kau ʻia ma ka mākeke ma kahi ʻano maloʻo. ʻAi ʻia ka elmiga (sturgeon chord), a ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā hoʻonā kūikawā mai nā ʻauʻau ʻauʻau maloʻo no ka wehewehe ʻana i nā waina.

Hōʻike ʻia ka caviar Beluga ma ka mākeke ma nā ʻano 2 āpau:

• huaʻai. ʻAʻole pasteurized kēia ʻano caviar. Loaʻa ia i nā ʻano paʻakai paʻakai piha ʻole, kahi maʻalahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻopiliʻia lākou ma kahi kānana kūikawā e wehe i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā kaha. Hiki i ka Caviar ke liʻiliʻi a paʻakai paʻakai paha. Ua kapa ʻia ke ʻano granular he raw;
• kaomi. Ma hope koke o ka hopu ʻana, paʻakai ʻia ka caviar i ka yastiks (kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūlohelohe i mālama ʻia ai ka caviar), a laila waiho ʻia i loko o nā pahu kūikawā, maloʻo a paʻakai. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka huahana mai nā ovaries filmy, mucus, veins, a laila ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā pahu nui me nā pushers. ʻO ka hopena, lilo nā hua i paʻa, piha i ka momona beluga brackish.

Ua emi loa nā helu Beluga ma nā kai a pau. Ua kūkulu ʻia nā wahi hoʻopulapula kūlohelohe, i mea e emi ai ka heluna kanaka ^[7]. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o nā iʻa i hōʻike i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe mea hana i mākaukau e lawe koʻikoʻi i kēia māhele mākeke. ʻO kahi mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohuli i ke kūlana o ka beluga ʻo ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana ma ke kai a ma nā kahawai. ʻO ka hopena, ua hāʻawi ʻia ke kūlana o "Species on the verge of extinction". I kēia manawa ke hoʻomohala nei ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā ala hou o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā iʻa, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka biotechnology o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo e mālama i ko lākou mau wahi noho. ^[8].

I loko o ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe, hui pū ka iʻa me ka sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, sterlet a me ke kākalaioa. Me ke kōkua o ka insemination artificial, ua hiki ke hana i kekahi mau ʻano iʻa ola i noho maikaʻi i ka Volga, Kuban, ke Kai o uXNUMXbuXNUMXbAzov a me kekahi mau waihona. Ua loaʻa maikaʻi ka aʻa o nā Sturgeon hybrids i nā mahi ʻai iʻa.

He aha kāu e ʻike ai e pili ana i ka caviar beluga?

Hoʻolei nā wahine Beluga i ka caviar ʻeleʻele, akā loaʻa ka caviar keʻokeʻo ma muli o nā hoʻololi kūlohelohe. Ma waena o nā sturgeon, e like me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe, hiki ke albinism. ^[9]. ʻO kēia ka nele o ka puaʻa, nona ke kuleana no ka malu o ka ʻili, ka iris a me ka kala lauoho. ʻAʻole loaʻa i kekahi mau sturgeons ka puaʻa e pono ai, a lawe lākou i kahi hue keʻokeʻo hau. Hoʻololi ka caviar o ia beluga i ke kala i keʻokeʻo. He mea pono ia i nā iʻa ʻōpiopio, kokoke ka malu o ka caviar i ke gula a i ʻole ka ʻaila. ʻO ka ʻelemakule ka iʻa, ʻoi aku ka keʻokeʻo o ka caviar, no laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua hau-keʻokeʻo, ʻaneʻane ʻālohilohi i nā iʻa lōʻihi.

Mea nui: ʻo ka ʻono a me nā waiwai meaʻai o ka beluga maʻamau a me ka caviar albino he like. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa wale nō ma ka malu. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka albinism he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia, ʻoi aku ka waiwai o nā hua keʻokeʻo. ^[10]. ʻO kahi kumu hou e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai o ka huahana ka nui o ka hana. I loko o hoʻokahi makahiki, he mau ʻumi kilokani wale nō o ka albino beluga caviar i ʻeli ʻia ma ka honua.

He nui loa ka caviar Beluga. ʻO kona anawaena he 2,5 millimeters, a ʻokoʻa ke kaumaha mai ka ⅕ a i ka ¼ o ke kaumaha o ka iʻa ponoʻī. ʻO kēia caviar ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he mea waiwai loa (i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka caviar o nā sturgeons ʻē aʻe). ʻO ka malu o ka caviar maʻamau he ʻeleʻele hina me kahi aniani kala ʻike. ʻOkoʻa nā palette o ka ʻono a me ka ʻala i ka ikaika, ka waiwai a me nā ʻano accents. Hōʻike ʻia ka caviar e kahi ʻono kai maʻamau a me kahi ʻono ʻono ʻē aʻe.

ʻO kahi mea hoihoi: ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ua kapa ʻia nā ʻano maikaʻi loa o ka caviar granular "Warsaw redistribution". No ke aha mai? ʻO ka hapa nui o ka lawe ʻana i nā huahana mai ka Lūkini Lūkini i hele ma Warsaw, a mai laila mai - ma waho.

Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kahi huahana maoli mai kahi mea hoʻopunipuni?

He mau hiʻohiʻona ko kēlā me kēia huahana moana. I ka caviar, ʻo ia ke ʻano, nā memo kikoʻī o ka ʻono a me ka malu. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke huikau i ʻelua ʻano ʻano caviar, ʻaʻole e haʻi aku i kahi hoʻopunipuni maikaʻi. I kekahi manawa hui pū ʻia ka caviar beluga me nā ʻano like ʻole, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. He mea maʻalahi loa ke ʻike i kahi hoʻopunipuni, pono ʻoe e nānā i ka huahana. Pono ke kala a me ka nui o nā hua. Inā hōʻino ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana, a laila ua hoʻoholo ka mea hana e mālama i ka maikaʻi o ka pūʻulu.

Mea nui: paʻakikī loa ka ʻike ʻana i ka caviar e ka ʻono. ʻO nā poʻe loea a i ʻole nā ​​​​gourmets e hana hewa a ʻaʻole hopu i nā leo pono o ka ʻono.

ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hiki ke hopu ʻia ka caviar maikaʻi ʻole, overripe a i ʻole underripe, i loko o kahi pahu. ʻAʻole kēia he hoʻopunipuni, akā hoʻokahi wale nō o nā hōʻike o ka mālama ʻole ʻana o ka mea hana. I nā hihia ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka pūpū caviar, e haki ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a e hoʻololi ka papa ʻono caviar i ka ʻawaʻawa a i ʻole ka paʻakai. Pono e pohā liʻiliʻi ka huahana maikaʻi a hoʻoheheʻe maoli i kou waha.

Inā kūʻai ʻoe i ka caviar manuahi, a laila e nānā i ka ʻala a me ke ʻano. Eia kekahi, mai poina i ka manawa e ho'āʻo ai i ka huahana ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana. Inā hāʻule ka koho i ka caviar i loko o kahi pahu, a laila e hāʻawi i ka makemake i nā hōʻailona kaulana i hōʻoia ʻia i ko lākou inoa ponoʻī. Eia kekahi, inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi huahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻaʻike i ka lawelawe mālama mea kūʻai aku, hoʻihoʻi i kāu kālā a uku no ka pōʻino.

Mea nui: ʻo ka caviar canned ma ke ʻano maʻamau ua manaʻo ʻia he papa haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole hiki ke kīkē ʻia kahi huahana maikaʻi, akā kūʻai hou ʻia.

He kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o ka caviar beluga, a me ka caviar keʻokeʻo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e mālama a nānā i ke kumukūʻai makeke maʻamau. Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi huahana maʻalahi loa ma nā ʻano nīnau ʻole ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻemaʻe ʻole, a piha kēia i nā maʻi a me nā pilikia olakino. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka caviar cheap paha i ka makahiki i hala. Holoi ʻia nā hua mai ka mucus, paʻakai hou a māhele ʻia i loko o nā ipu.

5 o nā lula nui no ke koho ʻana i ka caviar beluga:

• kūʻai i ka huahana i ka "kau" i ka nui o ka caviar a he hou;
• mai hoʻokoe i ke kālā a nānā i ke kumu kūʻai makeke;
• e makaala i ke kala;
• hāʻawi i ka makemake i ka huahana ma ke kaupaona, loiloi i ke ʻano / ʻono / ʻono, akā mai poina e wehewehe i nā palapala a ʻike i ka mea hana;
• inā kūʻai ʻoe i ka caviar i kahi panakō, e koho i nā ʻoihana i hōʻoia ʻia, e mahalo i ko lākou inoa ponoʻī a me ka hilinaʻi o ka mea kūʻai aku.

ʻO ka haku mele o ka huahana ^[11]

ʻO nā waiwai kūpono o ka momona kai

ʻO ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka iʻa iʻa e kōkua iā mākou e mālama a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino, hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o nā kui / lauoho, hoʻopiha i nā kumuwaiwai kūloko a loaʻa ka ʻoluʻolu psycho-emotional. E hoʻomaka kākou me nā mea maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka caviar e mālama i ka nani o waho o ke kanaka.

ʻO nā antioxidants i loko o ka ascorbic acid (vitamina C) a me ka tocopherol (vitamin E) e pale i ka ʻili o ke kanaka mai nā kukuna ultraviolet o ka hui B. ʻO nā meaʻai e hoʻemi i nā hopena pathological o nā radical manuahi i loko o nā cell, a laila e hoʻolōʻihi i ke kaʻina hana ʻelemakule a me ka mae ʻana o ka ʻili. ʻO nā huaora B, ka nui o ka caviar beluga, ke kuleana no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka epithelium, ka lauoho nani a me nā kui ikaika, a me ka Retinol (vitamina A) kōkua iā lākou e hoʻōla. ʻO ka Omega-3 a me ka omega-6 fatty acids e hoʻemi i ka mumū i loko o ke kino a hoʻomālamalama maoli i ko mākou ʻili mai loko. ^[12][13].

ʻO nā ʻakika momona ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻāpana āpau o ko mākou ola. ʻO ka Omega-3 ka mea kumu nui o nā membrane cell. Mālama lākou i nā kaʻina metabolic āpau i loko o ke kino: ka hoʻouna ʻana o nā nerve impulses, ka maikaʻi o ka lolo, ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana circulatory, ka pale o ke kino mai nā maʻi a me ka microflora pathological. ʻO ka nānā nui ʻana i ka caviar e uku ʻia i nā poʻe me ka ʻike kīnā ʻole a me ka nāwaliwali mau i nā ʻiʻo. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā momona momona unsaturated e kōkua i ka lilo ʻana o ke kaumaha, pale i ke kino mai ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi a me ka maʻi kanesa. Hoʻoponopono kēia mea i ka ʻike o ka cholesterol i loko o ke koko, hoʻoikaika i ka ʻōnaehana nerve, hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka puʻuwai a wikiwiki i nā kaʻina metabolic.

ʻO kekahi pono o ka caviar beluga ka nui o ka protein. Loaʻa iā ia nā waikawa amino koʻikoʻi, a ma ke ʻano o nā waiwai meaʻai, hiki ke hoʻokūkū maikaʻi ka huahana me ka ʻiʻo. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa iʻa: ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka protein holoholona o ke ola moana. Hiki ke hiki i ka 10-20% ka hapa pakeneka ma waena o ka digestibility o ka ʻiʻo iʻa a me ka caviar.

Eia kekahi, hiki i ka beluga caviar ke pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka osteoporosis a me nā rickets ma muli o ka vitamin D (calciferol). Kōkua ʻo Calciferol i ke kino e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka phosphorus (P) a me ka calcium (Ca), ka mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ka iwi iwi, ka ʻōnaehana muscular a me ka pale ʻana iā lākou mai nā hana luku.

Mea nui. ʻO ka mea wale nō e makaʻala ai i ka iʻa maikaʻi ʻo ka mercury a me ka plastic. ʻO ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o nā kai o ka honua i ka maʻi o ka iʻa. ʻO nā mea ʻino ma o ka iʻa e hāʻule pololei ma luna o kā mākou pā, a hiki i kēia ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi a me nā loli kūloko hiki ʻole ke hoʻohuli. No ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pilikia, e ʻai i ka iʻa iʻa 2-3 manawa i ka pule a koho i kāu hīnaʻi meaʻai me ke kuleana.

Kumuwaiwai o