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I ka manawa hea e hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ai ka World TB Day ma 2023?
Hāʻule ka World TB Day 2023 March 24. Ua paʻa ka lā. ʻAʻole ia i manaʻo ʻia he lā ʻulaʻula o ka kalena, akā he hana koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kaiāulu e pili ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi a me ka pono e hakakā.
moolelo o ka la hoomaha
I ka makahiki 1982, ua hoʻokumu ʻo WHO i ka World Tuberculosis Day. ʻAʻole i koho wale ʻia ka lā o kēia hanana.
I ka makahiki 1882, ua ʻike ʻia e ka German microbiologist ʻo Robert Koch i ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi maʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo Koch's bacillus. He 17 mau makahiki o ka noiʻi ʻana i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, kahi i hiki ai ke hele i mua i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o kēia maʻi a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano no ka mālama ʻana. A i ka makahiki 1887, ua wehe ʻia ka ʻoihana maʻi maʻi mua.
I ka makahiki 1890, ua loaʻa iā Robert Koch kahi extract o nā moʻomeheu maʻi maʻi - tuberculin. Ma kahi ʻaha kūkā lapaʻau, hoʻolaha ʻo ia i ka pale a me ka hopena therapeutic o ka tuberculin. Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ma luna o nā holoholona hoʻokolohua, a me ia a me kāna mea kōkua, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope, ua lilo ʻo ia i wahine nāna.
Mahalo i kēia a me nā ʻike hou aʻe, i ka makahiki 1921, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi keiki hānau hou me BCG no ka manawa mua. Ua lilo kēia ma ke ʻano he hōʻemi lohi i nā maʻi nui a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi lōʻihi.
ʻOiai ka holomua nui o ka ʻike ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i kēia maʻi, ʻo ia kekahi o nā maʻi weliweli e pono ai ka mālama koʻikoʻi a lōʻihi, a me ka ʻike mua.
Nā kuʻuna hoʻomaha
Ma ka lā TB 2023, mālama ʻia nā hanana wehe ma ko mākou ʻāina i nā keʻena lapaʻau a me nā halemai, kahi e hoʻolauna ʻia ai nā kānaka i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maʻi a me nā ʻano hana lapaʻau. Hāʻawi ka hui manawaleʻa i nā lau a me nā puke me nā ʻike koʻikoʻi. Hoʻonohonohoʻia nāʻaha kūkā ma nā keʻena lapaʻau a me ka hoʻonaʻauao, kahi e kamaʻilio ai lākou e pili ana i ka pono e pale i ka maʻi i mea e pale ai i kona laha. Mālama ʻia nā hoʻokūkū no ka nūpepa pā maikaʻi loa, flash mobs a me nā hoʻolaha.
ʻO ka mea nui e pili ana i ka maʻi
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi he maʻi lele i hana ʻia e ka mycobacteria. ʻO ka hapa nui he lesion o ka māmā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka iwi iwi, nā hui, ka ʻili, nā ʻāpana genitourinary, nā maka. Ua ʻike ʻia ka maʻi i kahi manawa lōʻihi i hala a ua maʻamau loa. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā koena i loaʻa o ka Makahiki Pōhaku me nā loli maʻi maʻi o ka iwi iwi. Hōʻike pū ʻo Hippocrates i nā ʻano holomua o ka maʻi me ka hemorrhages pulmonary, ka luhi nui o ke kino, ka ʻū a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka nui o ka sputum, a me ka ʻona nui.
Ma muli o ka lele ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi, ka mea i kapa ʻia i ka wā kahiko, he ʻai, aia ke kānāwai ma Babulona e ʻae iā ʻoe e haʻalele i kahi wahine maʻi i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi pulmonary tuberculosis. Ma India, ua koi ke kānāwai e hōʻike i nā hihia a pau o ka maʻi.
Hoʻouna ʻia ia e nā kulu lewa, akā aia kahi manawa e loaʻa ai ka maʻi ma o nā mea o ka mea maʻi, ma o ka meaʻai (waiu o ka holoholona maʻi, hua).
ʻO ka pūʻulu pilikia e pili ana i nā keiki liʻiliʻi, nā ʻelemakule, nā maʻi me ka maʻi AIDS a me ka maʻi HIV. Inā loaʻa ke kanaka i ka hypothermia pinepine, noho ʻo ia i loko o kahi lumi maʻemaʻe a wela maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi.
ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia ka maʻi maʻi i ka wā mua. Me ka ʻike ʻana o nā hōʻailona maopopo, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomohala me ka ikaika a me ka nui, a me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i ka manawa kūpono a me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi hopena make.
Ma kēia ʻano, ʻo ka pale maikaʻi loa he hoʻokolohua lapaʻau makahiki a me kahi hōʻike fluorographic. ʻO ka mālamaʻana i ke ola olakino, ka hana kino, ka heleʻana i ka ea hou,ʻaʻole ia he mea nui i ka paleʻana i ka maʻi. No nā keiki, ma ke ʻano he mea pale, he mea maʻamau ia no nā keiki hou e hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka BCG me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā contraindications, a laila i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻokō i ka hopena Mantoux e ʻike i ka maʻi i ka wā mua.
ʻElima mau ʻike e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi
- ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka make ma ka honua.
- Wahi a WHO, ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua i loaʻa i ka maʻi tuberculosis, akā he hapa liʻiliʻi wale nō o kēia poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
- I loko o nā makahiki, ua aʻo ʻo Koch bacillus e ulu a i kēia lā aia ka maʻi maʻi e kū kūʻē i ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
- Hoʻopau ʻia kēia maʻi paʻakikī a lōʻihi. Pono e lawe i kekahi mau lāʻau i ka manawa like no ʻeono mahina, a i kekahi mau manawa a hiki i ʻelua makahiki. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, koi ʻia ke ʻoki.
- Ua ʻike ʻo Polofesa ʻAmelika ʻo Sebastien Gan a me kāna hui he ʻeono mau pūʻulu o nā maʻi maʻi virus, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea e hōʻike iā ia iho ma kahi ʻāpana o ka honua a pili ʻia i kahi wahi kikoʻī. No laila, ua hiki i ke kaukaʻi i ka hopena i mea e hakakā pono ai i ka maʻi, pono ia e hoʻomohala i kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau no kēlā me kēia o nā pūʻulu i ʻike ʻia.