Contents
Ua hana ʻo Karl Bryullov (1799-1852) i ke ʻano o ka romanticism kipi. Mai ka wā kamaliʻi, ua hoʻopuni ʻia ka mea pena e ka nani, ʻo kona makuakāne he kanaka hana noʻonoʻo - ʻo Pavel Ivanovich Bryullov (1760-1833), he mea kālai a me ka mea hoʻonaʻauao o nā aʻa Farani. Kokoke a hiki i ka makahiki ʻehiku, ua moe ʻo Karl, ua ʻike nā kauka iā ia me ka aneurysm acute. Akā, ma ke kauoha a Pavel Bryullov, ua haehaeʻiaʻo Karl mai kona wahi moe a hoʻomakaʻo ia e aʻo i ke kiʻi pena, no ka mea, he hopena mua loa kona wā e hiki mai ana - e liloʻo ia i mea hana a mea pena.
I ka makahiki 16, ua komo ke kanaka ʻōpio i ka St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, kahi i kākoʻo nui ai kona makuakāne iā ia. Ua kōkua ʻo ia i kāna keiki e aʻo i nā mākau noʻeau, no laila ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻo Karl ma mua o kāna mau hoa. Ua hōʻike ʻo Bryullov i kāna talena - ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hāʻawi wale i nā ʻano o ke kino kanaka i ka pololei o ke kūlana, akā ua hoʻōla iā lākou a hāʻawi i ka lokomaikaʻi, i ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā haumāna o ka Academy.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i nā kiʻi pena o Karl Bryullov no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻo ia ka mea e hana ai nā mea hoʻokalakupua, e ʻike ana ma nā canvases i kahi mea i ʻike ʻia e nā mea nānā maʻamau. Hāʻawi mākou iā ʻoe ʻaʻole e nānā wale i nā kiʻi pena, akā e ʻimi i ko lākou manaʻo, e ʻike i ka mea a ka mea pena i makemake ai e hōʻike ... Hāʻawi mākou iā ʻoe e kamaʻāina me nā kiʻi pena kaulana loa o ka mea pena Karl Bryullov.
10 ahiahi Italia
Makahiki o ke kahua: 1827
ʻO ke kiʻi i mahalo nui ʻia “Pono ʻItalia” – kekahi o na mea nui i ka moolelo o ke ola o ka mea pena. I ka manawa i kākau ai, ua ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Bryullov, a ua kauoha ʻia ke kiʻi e Nicholas I ponoʻī.
ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka makahiki 1823 ua pena ka mea pena i ka "Italian Morning" - ua hana ka canvas i kahi manaʻo nui i ka lehulehu, a i ka wā, ma hope o nā hōʻike kūleʻa kūleʻa, hiki i St. Petersburg, ka Society for the Encouragement of Artists, i uku ʻia. ʻO Karl Bryullov no ke kiʻi pena, hāʻawi ʻo ia iā Nicholas I. A hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka pena i kāna wahine ʻo Alexandra Feodorovna (1872–1918), ka mea i hauʻoli me ia. Ua hana ʻo ia i kahi kauoha hou, a laila ua pena ka mea pena i ka "Italian Noon", akā ua hoʻopiʻi nā mea hoʻohewa i ke kiʻi me nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole ma ka hōʻikeʻike, no ka mea, ua kūʻē ka ʻoihana kula i ka realism a me ke kūʻokoʻa.
9. ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Genseric iā Roma
Makahiki o ke kahua: 1836
Ua pena ʻo Bryullov i nā kiʻi o nā poʻe kaulana, i hana ma ke ʻano mōʻaukala, nona ke kiʻi. "Ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Genseric ma Roma". Hōʻike ke kiʻi i kahi manawa pōʻino i ke ola o ka moʻomeheu Roma kahiko. Ua pena ʻia ka canvas i ka makahiki 1836, ʻo ka manaʻo o ka hana ʻana iā Bryullov i ka makahiki 1833, ʻoiai ʻo ia i Italia.
Na Aleksey Alekseevich Perovsky (1787–1836) ka pena kiʻi kaulana. Genre – pena mōʻaukala. Ma ke kiʻi, ʻike mākou i ka hao ʻana o ka pūʻali i ke alakaʻi o ka ʻohana Vandal o ka mokuʻāina kahiko. Hana ʻia ka hanana ma 455. ʻO nā koa o ʻApelika me ka hana ʻino ʻole a puni, a ʻo ka mea nui ma ke kiʻi ʻo ka ʻaihue ʻana iā Evdokia (401-460) a me kāna mau kaikamahine.
8. Tureke
Makahiki o ke kahua: 1837-1839
ʻIke mākou ma ke kiʻi "Wahine Tureke", ka mea a Bryullov i kākau ai, ma ke ʻano he kaikamahine me ka hiʻohiʻona mālie, e hilinaʻi ana i nā uluna. I kona helehelena, ua hoʻomaha nā mea a pau, ʻoiai ʻo kona mau maka e hāʻawi mai i ka maluhia. Aʻo kaʻaʻahu a me ke poʻo e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka nani oʻEulopa. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kaikamahine, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kāʻei mālamalama - e like me ka ʻoi, ʻokoʻa e like me ia iho.
ʻAʻole i koi ʻia nā leo haʻahaʻa e hōʻike i kona lāhui. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nani o ka ʻulaʻula i kona nani. No ka canvas, ua hoʻohana ʻo Bryullov i kāna mau hoʻomanaʻo, i kona hiki ʻana i ka mokupuni ʻo Ionian. Ua maopopo loa nā hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole pono ke ʻano. ʻO ia ke ʻano o kāna ʻike ʻana i nā kaikamahine Turkish a hiki iā ia ke haʻi aku ma kāna hana i nā "nani ʻono" āpau o ka ʻāina.
7. Ma ka ʻoka Bogoroditsky
Makahiki o ke kahua: 1835
Hoʻopio nā kiʻi pena a Bryullov i ka mea nānā me ka mālie a me ka nani - me he mea lā e ola ana ke ola e like me nā kānāwai nani, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ma ka nānā ʻana. "Ma ka ʻOka Bogoroditsky". Ke noi wale nei nā kiʻi pena i mea hoʻonani o ka lumi hoʻokipa. ʻO kahi ʻae ʻae ʻia iā lākou he mahalo a hauʻoli, mahalo i ka mea pena.
Ua pena ʻia ke kiʻi kaulana i ka pena wai, ʻo ke kikowaena he lāʻau ʻoka, ʻo ia ka mea hoʻonaninani o kahi wahi kapu kahi e hele mai ai ka poʻe auwana e hele i kahi huakaʻi. A i kēia manawa "hopu" ʻo Bryullov i kēia manawa, ke kū nei nā poʻe o nā makahiki like ʻole a me ke kāne ma kahi kokoke i ka lāʻau ʻoka: he kaikamahine me kahi umbrella, he ʻelemakule, he wahine. Me ke akamai, ua hiki i ka mea pena ke hoʻopuka i ka pāʻani o ka mālamalama, e ʻimi ana e komo i nā lālā mānoanoa o kahi lāʻau.
6. Make o Inessa de Castro
Makahiki o ke kahua: 1834
E like me nā hana āpau a Bryullov i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i kahi kumuhana mōʻaukala, ke kiʻi "Make o Inessa de Castro" leʻaleʻa i ka poʻe i hoʻomaopopo ʻole i kekahi mea ma ka pena. ʻO kēia no ka mea e pili ana ke kumumanaʻo i ke poʻo - aia ke kaikamahine ma kona mau kuli, a puliki nā keiki iā ia. Ma kahi kokoke i nā mea pepehi kanaka me ka ea hanohano. ʻO nā helehelena makaʻuʻole o ka poʻe pōā a me kēlā mau pahi kaua weliweli e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kanaka e kū ana me ka manaʻo ʻole - maopopo ʻo ia ke kumu o ke kūlana.
Ua kākau ʻo Karl Bryullov i ke kiʻi i kona wā ma Milana, a he 17 mau lā wale nō kāna i kākau ai. Nui ka manawa i hala, a mahalo mau ʻia ke kiʻi me ka weliweli. Hoʻopili ʻia ka canvas me ka pāʻani - ʻo Bryullov, e like me nā manawa a pau, hiki iā ia ke haʻi akamai i ka moʻolelo.
5. Bateseba
Makahiki o ke kahua: 1828 - 1832 mau wāwae
Historical “Bateseba”, pena ʻia e ka mea pena wai ʻo Bryullov, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi moʻolelo Baibala a hōʻike maopopo i ke kālena o ka mea pena. Hōʻike maikaʻi ka canvas i ka manaʻo o ka nani ʻole o ka wahine. Ua pena ka mea pena i ke kiʻi ma Italia, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohauʻoli ka hopena iā ia, no laila ua waiho ʻo ia me ka pau ʻole.
Hōʻike ka canvas i kahi manawa mōʻaukala - e like me ka moʻolelo, ua ʻike ʻo King David (1035 BC - 970 BC) i ka wahine ʻōpio a kāna luna ʻo ʻUria. He nani loa ʻo Bateseba a ua kahaha ʻo ia iā ia. Hoʻouna ʻo ia i kāna kāne e make, a lawe ʻo ia i ke kaikamahine i kona hale aliʻi, a ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia e ka make o kāna hiapo.
4. Kiʻi Aurora
Makahiki o ke kahua: 1837
ʻO ka nani o Aurora (1808-1902) e ola mau loa, no ka mea, i ka manawa i loaʻa ai iā ia kahi makana mai kāna kāne - ua noi ʻo Pavel Demidov (1798-1840) iā Karl Bryullov e huki i kāna wahine. Ua lōʻihi ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ka mea pena kii o AuroraHe nani kupaianaha ka hopena. Ke "ola" nei kēia kiʻi, ua hōʻike ʻia ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia puke e pili ana i ke kiʻi, aia kahi inoa o ka mea pena.
Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua kaulana ʻo Aurora no kona nani ʻokoʻa a he lokomaikaʻi loa. No kona hanohano i kapa ʻia ai ka moku holo moku kaulana. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hopena o ke Kamāliʻiwahine Aurora: i ka makahiki 1840 ua nalowale kāna kāne. Ua hoʻoilina ʻo Aurora i ka waiwai nui a ua hoʻohana ʻo ia me ka naʻauao.
I ka makahiki 1846, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻopau i ke kanikau a male hou - iā Andrey Karamzin (1814-1854), akā i ka makahiki 1854 ua pepehi ʻia ʻo ia e nā Turks. Ma hope o kēlā, kūkulu ke aliʻi wahine i hale pule ma Florence a hāʻawi i kona ola i ke aloha.
3. mea nāna e holo
Makahiki o ke kahua: 1832
ʻO ke kiʻi o Bryullov “Rider” kekahi o kana hana maikai loa. Ua piha i ka dynamics, neʻe a me ka nani. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻohuli ka mea nānā i ka mea hoʻokele iā ia iho - he mea kupanaha ka hoʻokele ʻana o kēlā kaikamahine palupalu me ka lio ikaika. Akaka koke keia lio, he mamo no ke koko alii. U'i 'o ia, 'ālohilohi kona 'ili. Piʻi iki ka lio, me he mea lā makemakeʻo ia e mahalo i kona lokomaikaʻi -ʻaʻole paha he pahuhopu kāna e hoʻolei aku i ke kaikamahine.
Ua pena ʻia ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi ma Italia - ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau nei nā mea hoʻokalakupua no ka prototype o ka heroine. Ua kauoha ʻia ka canvas e Yulia Samoilova (1803-1875), i ʻike ʻia no kāna pilina me Karl Bryullov.
I ka hiki ʻana o ke kiʻi i ka hōʻikeʻike (a ua hana koke ʻia kēia ma hope o ke kākau ʻana), ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi loa ma waena o nā kumuhana equestrian. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Bryullov e kapa ʻia ʻo Rubens ʻelua (1577–1640) a i ʻole Van Dyck (1599–1641).
2. Kiʻi ponoʻī
Makahiki o ke kahua: 1848
He mau daffodils liʻiliʻi mākou a pau, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ʻo Karl Bryullov. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻenehana punahele i ka mōʻaukala o nā mea pena kiʻi ke pena kiʻi kiʻi ponoʻī. Kiʻi ponoʻī ua hōʻea i ka piko ma ke ʻano o kahi kiʻi pilikino o ka mea pena - pena ʻo Bryullov iā ia i ka makahiki 1848, i kona wā maʻi.
No nā mahina ʻehiku, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ka mea hana 50 makahiki, ma nā ʻōlelo a nā kauka, i ka hale a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa ʻo ia wale nō. A ʻo ka mea hope loa, i ka wā i mohala piha ai ka pūnāwai ma waho i ka makahiki 1848, ua paʻa nā mea a pau me ka makani wela a me nā ʻala momona o nā pua, ʻo ka mea mua a Bryullov i noi ai i nā kauka e lawe mai iā ia i nā pena a me kahi easel. Ua ʻae ʻia kāna noi. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna mea i makemake ai, ua hana koke ʻo ia i kiʻi ponoʻī, akā hoʻi i kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻoponopono.
1. Ka la hope o Pompeii
Makahiki o ke kahua: 1827 - 1833 mau wāwae
Picture "ʻO ka lā hope o Pompeii" i kākau ʻia e Bryullov ma Italia, kahi āna i hele ai i kahi huakaʻi. ʻOiai ʻo ka mea pena e hoʻi mai kahi huakaʻi ma hope o 4 mau makahiki, ua noho ʻo ia ma laila no 13 mau makahiki. Hoʻomaopopo ka manaʻo o ke kiʻi i ka manawa mōʻaukala - ka make ʻana o Pompeii: ʻAukake 24, 79 BC. e. 2000 kanaka i make ma muli o ka pele pele.
Ua kipa mua ʻo Bryullov i ka pūnaewele i ka makahiki 1827. ʻO ka hele ʻana i laila, ʻaʻole ʻike ka mea hana 28 makahiki i ka huakaʻi e hoʻohauʻoli nui iā ia - ʻo nā manaʻo i ʻike ʻia e ka mea pena ma ia wahi ʻaʻole i haʻalele iā ia, no laila ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Bryullov. ka hana ʻana i kiʻi e hōʻike ana i ka poʻe Italia. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā kiʻi pena kaulana loa a Bryullov a he 6 mau makahiki e hoʻopau ai.