ʻO ka amoeba kahi maʻi palaʻai e kaʻa wale ana i ke kaiapuni a me ka wai lepo. Hoʻonui kekahi o lākou i loko o ka ʻāpana digestive kanaka. Inā maikaʻi ʻole ka hapa nui o nā amoebae, ʻo ia ke kumu o nā maʻi koʻikoʻi i kekahi manawa. Lawe mākou i ka waihona.

ʻO ka amoeba kahi mea ola eukaryotic pū hoʻokahi no ka hui o nā rhizopods. Ma ke ʻano he hoʻomanaʻo, ʻike ʻia nā cell eukaryotic e ka hiki ʻana o kahi nucleus a me nā organelles i loaʻa nā mea genetic a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke koena o ke kelepona e kahi membrane phospholidic.

He pseudopodia ko Amoeba, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka cytoplasmic no ka holo ʻana a me ka hopu pio ʻana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he protozoa heterotrophic ka amoeba: hopu lākou i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe e hānai ʻia e ka phagocytosis.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā amoeba nā mea ola manuahi: hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kaiapuni. Mahalo nui lākou i nā kaiapuni haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka mehana o ka wai maʻemaʻe nona ka mahana mai 25 ° C a 40 ° C. Eia naʻe, aia kekahi mau amoebae e parasitize i ka digestive tract kanaka. ʻAʻole pathogenic ka hapa nui o nā amoeba.

Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau amoebae i loko o ka ʻāpana digestive o ke kanaka a ʻike ʻia kekahi i ko mākou kaiapuni. He liʻiliʻi wale nō nā amoeba i pathogenic.

Loaʻa pinepine ʻia kēia mau amoebae i nā hoʻokolohua parasitology o ka waihona. Hōʻike ko lākou hele ʻana i ka haumia e pili ana i ka pōʻino faecal, akā ʻaʻole lākou he pathogenic. Ma waena o nā mea hope, ʻike mākou i ka amoeba o ka genus:

• Entamoeba (hartmanni, coli, polecki, dispar);
• Endolimax nana;
• Iadamoeba (pseudolimax) bütschlii ;
• Dientamoeba fragilis;
• etc.

ʻO Amebiasis, maningitis, encephalitis, keratitis, pneumo-bronchitis, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hana ʻia kēia mau maʻi e ka amoeba i loaʻa pinepine i ka wai a i ʻole ka meaʻai i haumia e nā feces. Kakaʻikahi kēia mau pathologies koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ʻo ia ka amebiasis intestinal, meningoencephalitis na Naegleria Fowleri a me Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Amibiase ʻōpū (amoebose)

ʻO Amebiasis kahi maʻi hoʻoheheʻe a me ka ate koʻikoʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ʻO Entamoeba histolytica, ʻo ia wale nō ka amoeba ʻōpū o ka genus Entamoeba hiki ke hoʻouka i nā ʻiʻo a manaʻo ʻia he pathogenic.

ʻO Amebiasis kekahi o nā maʻi parasitic nui ʻekolu e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi ma ka honua (ma hope o ka malaria a me ka bilharzia). He mea maʻamau ka Amebiasis ʻāpana ʻāina a me waena. Loaʻa nā ʻano hōʻailona nui loa ma India, Asia Hema, ʻApelika a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.

ʻOi aku ka maʻi maʻi ma nā keiki a ma nā ʻāina me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā mea hana no ka maʻemaʻe hui (nā ʻāina ʻoihana liʻiliʻi). I nā ʻāina ʻenehana, pili nui ia i nā huakaʻi mai kahi wahi me ka nui o ka maʻi.

Hiki ke hoʻohaumia ma ka waha, ma ka ʻai ʻana meaʻai a wai paha (nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu) a i ʻole ma ka inwaena o nā lima haumia. Hoʻopuka ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana e nā cysts kūpaʻa i loko o nā stools e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni o waho.

ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi ma muli o ka pathogenicity kūikawā o ka parasite a me kona hiki ke hoʻopuehu i loko o nā ʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka ate.

Meningoencephalitis ma muli o Naegleria Fowleri

La maningoencephalitis ma muli o Naegleria Fowlerihe mea kakaikahi: mai ka makahiki 1967, he 196 wale no ka hihia o ka maningoencephalitis i ikeia ma ka honua nei, aole lakou a pau i pili i keia amoeba.

Loaʻa ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka wai i hoʻopōʻino ʻia (i ka wā e ʻauʻau ai.

ʻO ka wai wela i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i lalo mai nā hale hana ʻoihana, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kikowaena uila, ʻoi aku ka pilikia. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo nā keiki ka pahuhopu makemake o ka amoeba.

Komo ka amoeba ma ka mucosa nasal a hiki i ka lolo a laila e ulu ai. ʻO ka maʻi i hana ʻia e Naegleria Fowleri ka hopena o ka mumū o ka lolo (meningoencephalitis). ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau ka:

• ʻeha poʻo poʻo;
• hōʻoluʻolu;
• haʻalulu;
• hiamoe;
• i kekahi manawa ka hoʻomaha ʻole.

Hiki ke make ka maʻi ke waiho ʻole ʻia.

ʻO Acanthamoeba keratitis

He ʻaʻa ia o ka cornea i hana ʻia e ka amoeba Acanthamoeba, i loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma ka lepo, ka lepo a me ka wai (ka wai kai a me ka wai paila a i ʻole nā ​​loko ʻauʻau, etc.). Hōʻike ka Acanthamoeba iā ia iho ma nā mokuʻāina ʻelua: ma ka mokuʻāina trophozoite a ma ka moku cystic, kūʻē ka mea hope i nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi i mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i kona ola.

I ka 80% o nā hihia, pili ka maʻi i ka poʻe hoʻohana lens contact. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻonāukiuki ka mea hope a hoʻokaʻawale i kahi lua kahi e hoʻonui ai ka amoebae. ʻO ke koena 20% e hopohopo nei i nā kamaʻāina o nā wahi me kahi anuanu maloʻo.

Hana ʻia ka inoculation ma ka waiho ʻana ma luna o ka ʻōpū o ka cornea i hoʻopili ʻia e ka manamana lima lepo, kahi leki hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole a holoi ʻia paha, ka wai, kahi mea blunt (lau mauʻu, splint of wood, etc.), makani lepo, etc.

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia keratitis e hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻeha ʻeha o kahi kino haole me ka haehae ʻana, a i kekahi manawa e ka photophobia. ʻO ka ʻulaʻula o ka maka, ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike maka, a me ka edema lihilihi he mea maʻamau. Ke hoʻomaka ʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa a / a i ʻole ka maikaʻi ʻole, hoʻomau ka piʻi hohonu o ka amoebae me ka hōʻino ʻana i ke keʻena mua, a laila ke keʻena hope, ka retina a me ka hope e nānā mākou i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi nā metastases cerebral ma ke ala hematogenous. a i ʻole ma ke ala hopohopo (ma ke aʻalolo optic).

Pono e hoʻonui mau ʻia ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau e nā laʻana i ka hihia o ka kānalua o ka amoeba.

Amibiase ʻōpū (amoebose)

ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻokau ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i ke kauka ma ke ala pololei. ʻO ke ala i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maʻi ma muli o ka wahi o ka maʻi:

ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū

• ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo microscopic a me ka immunoassay enzyme i loko o ka waihona;
• E ʻimi no ka DNA parasite i loko o ka waihona a me / a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻokolohua serological.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻokoʻa

• Nā ho'āʻo kiʻi a me ka serological a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo therapeutic o kahi amebicide.

ʻO ka Meningoencephalitis ma Naegleria Fowleri

• Nānā kino ;
• Hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo kiʻi, e like me ka computed tomography (CT) a me ka magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), e kāpae i nā kumu ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi lolo, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hōʻoia i ke kuleana o ka amoeba;
• ʻO ka lumbar puncture a me ka nānā ʻana i ka wai cerebrospinal e hōʻoia i ka ʻike;
• Hiki ke hana ʻia nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe i loko o nā hale hana kūikawā a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike ʻana i ka amoebae. ʻO kēia ka hihia, no ka laʻana, me kahi biopsy o ka lolo lolo.

ʻO Acanthamoeba keratitis

• Ka nānā ʻana a me ka moʻomeheu o ka ʻili ʻana o ka corneal;
• Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka maʻi ma o ka nānā ʻana i ka biopsy o ka ʻili o ka cornea, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me Giemsa a i ʻole trichrome, a ma ka moʻomeheu ʻana i loko o ka media kūikawā.

ʻO nā pathologies i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka amoeba e koi pinepine i ka mālama wikiwiki ʻana i mea e pale aku ai i nā pilikia. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau (antiamibiens, antifungals, antibiotics, etc.) a i kekahi manawa he ʻokiʻoki.

ʻĀmibiase ʻōpū

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka lawelawe ʻana i kahi antiamoebic diffusible a me kahi antiamoebic "contact". Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka amebiasis ma ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā lula hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino a hui pū. I ka loaʻa ʻole o ke kākoʻo, e pōʻeleʻele ka wānana.

Amebic maningoencephalitis ma Naegleria Fowleri

ʻO kēia maʻi he mea make pinepine. Hoʻohana maʻamau nā kauka i ka hui pū ʻana o kekahi mau lāʻau, e like me: Miltefosine a me hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau lāʻau: amphotericin B, rifampicin, fluconazole a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau pili e like me voriconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, azithromycin, etc.

ʻO Acanthamoeba keratitis

He nui nā mea hiki ke mālama ʻia:

• nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me propamidine isethionate (i nā maka maka), hexomedine, itraconazole;
• nā kaʻina hana e like me keratoplasty a i ʻole cryotherapy.