ʻO ka Asbestosis kahi maʻi mau o ka māmā (pulmonary fibrosis) ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā fiber asbestos.

ʻO Asbestos kahi calcium hydrated kūlohelohe a me ka magnesium silicate. Ua wehewehe ʻia e kahi pūʻulu o nā ʻano fibrous o kekahi mau mineral. Ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Asbestos i ka hana kūkulu hale a i ka ʻoihana hale a hiki i 1997.

Hōʻike ka Asbestos i kahi pilikia olakino inā ʻeha, ʻoki ʻia a hou ʻia paha, ka hopena i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka lepo i loaʻa nā fiber asbestos. Hiki ke hanu ʻia kēia mau mea e ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia a no laila ke kumu o nā hopena olakino.

Ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka lepo, hiki kēia mau fiber asbestos i nā māmā a hiki ke hōʻeha i ka wā lōʻihi. ʻO kēia lepo e komo ana i nā fiber asbestos no laila he mea pōʻino i ka mea e pili ana me ia. (1)

No ka ulu ʻana o ka asbestosis, pono ka ʻike lōʻihi i kahi helu kiʻekiʻe o nā fiber asbestos.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka loaʻa ʻana i ka nui o nā fibers asbestos, ʻaʻole ia wale nō ke kumu pilikia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, he mea nui ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka lehulehu i kēia silicate kūlohelohe i mea e pale aku ai i kahi pilikia o ka ulu ʻana o ka pathology. (1)

Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi e ka mumū o ka ʻiʻo māmā.

He maʻi hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia me ka hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka asbestosis ka pōkole o ka hanu, ka ʻuʻu mau, ka luhi nui, ka hanu wikiwiki a me ka ʻeha o ka umauma.

Hiki i kēia pathology ke hoʻopilikia i ke ola o ka mea maʻi i kēlā me kēia lā a ke kumu i kekahi mau pilikia. Hiki i kēia mau pilikia ke lilo i mea make no ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia. (3)

Hiki ke alakaʻi i ka asbestosis ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kahi helu nui o nā ʻāpana asbestos.

I ka hopena o ka ulu ʻana o ka asbestosis, hiki i kēia mau fiber ke hōʻino i ka māmā (fibrosis) a alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻano: (1)

- ʻo ka pōkole o ka hanu e ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika kino kino i ka wā mua a laila e ulu mau i ke kekona;

- he kūmau mau;

- hāwīwī;

- luhi nui;

- ʻeha o ka umauma;

- ka pehu ma nā manamana lima.

Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka ʻike o ka poʻe me ka asbestosis i kēia manawa i ka ʻike mau ʻana a lōʻihi hoʻi i nā fiber asbestos. ʻO ka maʻamau, pili nā hōʻike i ka wahi hana o kēlā me kēia kanaka.

ʻO ka poʻe me kēia ʻano hōʻailona i loaʻa mau i ka asbestos i ka wā ma mua e aʻo ikaika ʻia e nīnau i kā lākou kauka i mea e ʻike ai i ka maʻi.

ʻO ka asbestosis kahi maʻi e ulu ana ma hope o ka ʻike pinepine ʻana i ka nui o nā fiber asbestos.

Hana ʻia ka ʻike ma kahi hana o ke kumuhana. ʻOi aku ka hopena o kekahi mau ʻāpana hana e ka hanana. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Asbestos no ka manawa lōʻihi i ke kūkulu ʻana, hale a me nā ʻāpana ʻili mineral. (1)

I loko o ke kino olakino, i ka wā e launa pū ai me kahi kino ʻē (eia, i ka wā e hoʻohuʻi ai i ka lepo i loaʻa nā fibers asbestos), hiki i nā cell o ka ʻōnaehana pale (macrophages) ke hakakā iā ia. a e pale aku i ke komo ʻana i ke kahe koko a me kekahi mau mea koʻikoʻi (māmā, puʻuwai, etc.).

I ka hihia o ka inhalation o asbestos fibers, macrophages i ka pilikia nui i ka hoopau ia lakou mai ke kino. Ma muli o ka makemake e hoʻouka a hoʻopau i nā fiber asbestos inhaled, hoʻopōʻino nā macrophages i ka pulmonary alveoli (nā ʻeke liʻiliʻi i loko o ka māmā). ʻO kēia mau ʻeha alveolar i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino ke ʻano o ka maʻi.

He kuleana ko kēia mau alveoli i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka oxygen i loko o ke kino. ʻAe lākou i ke komo ʻana o ka oxygen i loko o ke kahe koko a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o carbon dioxide.

Ma ka pōʻaiapili kahi i hōʻeha a pōʻino paha ka alveoli, pili kēia kaʻina hana hoʻoponopono kinoea i loko o ke kino a ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona atypical: pōkole o ka hanu, wheezing, etc. (1)

Hiki ke pili pū kekahi mau hōʻailona kikoʻī a me nā maʻi me ka asbestosis, e like me: (2)

- ka helu ʻana o ka pleura e hana ana i nā pleural plaques (ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā waiho lime i loko o ka membrane e uhi ana i nā māmā);

- he mesothelium malignant (kane o ka pleura) hiki ke ulu mai 20 a 40 mau makahiki ma hope o ka ʻike mau ʻana i nā fiber asbestos;

- pleural effusion, ʻo ia ka hele ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka pleura;

– ka maʻi ʻaʻai māmā.

ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi e pili pono ana i ka lōʻihi o ka ʻike ʻana i nā fibers asbestos a me ka nui o kēia mau inhaled. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā hōʻailona kikoʻī o ka asbestosis ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i nā fiber asbestos. (XNUMX)

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻoponopono o kēia manawa e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i ka asbestos ma o ka hoʻomalu ʻana, ka mālama ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi no nā mea kahiko. ʻO ka pāpā ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka asbestos i ka ʻoihana hale ke kumu o kahi kauoha mai 1996.

ʻO ke kumu pilikia nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka asbestosis, ʻo ia ka hōʻike ʻana (lōʻihi) i ka nui o nā lepo i loaʻa nā fiber asbestos. Loaʻa ka ʻike ma o ka inhalation o nā mea liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano o ka lepo, ka pōʻino o nā hale, ka ʻili mineral, a me nā mea like.

ʻO ka puhi paka kekahi kumu pilikia hou no ka ulu ʻana o kēia pathology. (2)

ʻO ka māhele mua o ka hōʻailona o ka asbestosis ka kūkākūkāʻana me kahi kauka lapaʻau, i ka wā o kāna hoʻokolokoloʻana,ʻikeʻo ia i ka heleʻana ma ke kumuhana o nā hōʻailona atypical o ka maʻi.

E kūʻē i ke ʻano o kēia maʻi e pili ana i ka māmā, ke ʻike ʻia me kahi stethoscope, hoʻopuka lākou i kahi leo pahū.

Eia kekahi, ua wehewehe ʻia ka ʻike ʻokoʻa e nā pane ma ka mōʻaukala o nā kūlana hana o ke kumuhana, i ka manawa hiki ke loaʻa i ka asbestos, etc. (1)

Inā kānalua ka ulu ʻana o ka asbestosis, pono ke kūkākūkā me kahi pulmonologist no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻeha o ka māmā me: (1)

- he x-ray o nā akemāmā e ʻike i nā mea ʻino i loko o ke kino o ka māmā;

– kahi helu helu o nā māmā (CT). Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hiʻohiʻona i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o ka māmā, ka pleura (membrane e hoʻopuni ana i nā māmā) a me ka lua pleural. Hōʻike ka CT scan i nā mea ʻino i loko o ka māmā.

- ʻO nā hoʻokolohua pulmonary e hiki ke loiloi i ka hopena o ka pōʻino i ka māmā, e hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka ea i loko o ka pulmonary alveoli a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka hele ʻana o ka ea mai ka membrane o ka māmā. māmā i ke koko.

I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā mea ʻē aʻe i mea e hōʻemi ai i nā hopena o ka pathology, kaupalena i nā hōʻailona a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā o nā maʻi.

No ka mea, ʻo ka paka kekahi kumu pilikia ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka mea e piʻi aʻe ana i nā hōʻailona, ​​​​ua koi ikaika ʻia ka poʻe maʻi e puhi i ka puhi paka. No kēia, aia nā hoʻonā e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau.

Eia kekahi, i ke alo o ka asbestosis, no laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā māmā o ke kumuhana a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi.

No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka mea maʻi i kāna mau lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i nā mea hana no ka maʻi influenza a i ʻole ka maʻi pneumonia. (1)

I nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kino o ke kumuhana ke hana pono i kekahi mau hana koʻikoʻi. Ma kēia ʻano, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka oxygen therapy inā haʻahaʻa ka pae o ka oxygen i loko o ke koko ma mua o ka maʻamau.

Ma keʻano laulā, ʻaʻole pōmaikaʻi nā maʻi me ka asbestosis mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā loaʻa nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o ka māmā, e like me Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Hiki i nā hihia koʻikoʻi ke loaʻa mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka morphine e hōʻemi i ka pōkole o ka hanu a me ka ʻū. Eia kekahi, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā hopena ʻino (hopena ʻaoʻao) i kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi o ka morphine: constipation, laxative effects, etc. (1)

Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona pale, pono e loaʻa i ka poʻe i hōʻike mau ʻia no nā makahiki ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 i ka radiographic nānā i nā māmā i kēlā me kēia 3 a 5 mau makahiki i mea e ʻike koke ai i nā maʻi pili.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hōʻemi nui ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka puhi paka e hōʻemi nui i ka pilikia o ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa. (2)