ʻO ka lumi Begonia

He mea kupanaha ka ʻokoʻa o ka begonias: ʻo ka poʻe botanist ma kahi o 1600 mau ʻano, a ʻaʻole hiki ke helu ʻia ka helu o nā mea kanu a me nā hybrids i kēia manawa (1). ʻO ka noho nui o nā begonias i ka nahelehele ʻo ia nā wao ua nui o ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻApelika, a me nā mauna mauna o Asia.

Ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻelele mua o kēia ʻano e ka mōneka mākaʻikaʻi Farani Charles Plumier i ka wā o ka huakaʻi i nā mokupuni o ka pae ʻāina ʻo Antilles. ʻO Michel Begon ka mea nāna i hoʻonohonoho i ka huakaʻi, ka luna hoʻokele o ka ʻauwaʻa Farani ma Marseilles, a ma hope iho ua kapa ʻia ʻo Plumier i ka ʻano mea kanu hou āna i ʻike ai.

I ka moʻomeheu, ua ulu ʻia ka begonia mai ka kenekulia 2, ʻo ke ʻano o nā ʻano hybrid mua no ka manawa like. ʻAʻole i loko wale nō, akā ʻo nā ʻano māla o begonias i ulu ʻia ma ka ʻāina ākea (XNUMX).

ʻO nā ʻano begonia lumi

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻo ka nui o nā ʻano, nā ʻano a me nā hybrids o begonia he nui loa, no laila paʻakikī kā lākou hoʻohālikelike ʻana no nā loea (2). E like me ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻāpana ea, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano begonia i nā herbaceous, semi-shrubs a me liana-shaped (ampelous). Wahi a nā ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana kumu - i rhizomatous a tuberous. Ma nā mea hoʻonani - i loko o ka pua a me nā lau hoʻonani (3). Ua maopopo ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā ʻano begonias i loko, no laila he mea kūpono ke haʻi wale i nā mea maʻamau.

lau lau

ʻO Begonia aliʻi (Begonia rex). Nānā me nā lau o ke ʻano puʻuwai like ʻole a i ʻole i wili ʻia ma ke kumu ma ke ʻano he "snail", ʻaʻohe a i ʻole pubescent iki. Me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kanu maʻamau o 40 - 50 cm, hiki i ka lau lau ke piʻi i 30 cm ka lōʻihi a hiki i 20 cm ākea, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano paʻa o kēia begonia i kaulana i waena o nā mea kanu pua. He nui ka palette kala o nā lau begonia aliʻi: ʻo ia nā ʻano o nā ʻano hoʻololi o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula, poni, ʻeleʻele a me nā kala kala, aia nā ʻano begonia me nā ʻeleʻele, speckled, nā lau palena. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka pua o kēia begonia.

Nā ʻano kaulana:

• Mele kalikimaka (Mele Kalikimaka) - me nā hoʻololi palupalu o nā leo cherry, ʻulaʻula, emerald a me ke kala;
• ʻAlohi ahiahi (Kuhi ahiahi) - ʻO ka waena o nā lau he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ma ka ʻaoʻao e lilo ka malu i kālā me kahi palena ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele;
• Esekalota (Escargot) - he ʻano like ʻole me kahi ʻano "snail" i ʻōlelo ʻia o ka lau, wili ʻia i ka petiole, ʻokoʻa ka malu o nā lau mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele i waenakonu ma o kahi ʻāpana kālā ākea a hiki i ka ʻoliva ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka lihi;
• Haleluia (Haleluia) - ʻO nā lau o kahi ʻano kikoʻī me kahi ʻōlelo "snail" i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ke kumu a me ka palena o ka lau he ʻulaʻula-violet, ma waena o lākou he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka lau me nā ʻili kālā;
• Naita Inka (Po Inca) – he ʻano ʻālohilohi loa me nā lau kiko o ka ʻulaʻula momona me ka palena ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele loa.

ʻO Begonia Bauera, or tiga (Begonia bowerae). ʻO ka begonia koʻikoʻi (a hiki i 25 cm) me nā lau ākea ākea o ke kala ʻulaʻula, he pubescence ma ka ʻaoʻao hope a me nā "lauoho" liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao. Ke kolo nei nā ʻōpuʻu, no laila hiki ke ulu i ka mea kanu i loko o nā ipu e kau ana. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā pua.

'Ākau:

• Cleopatra (Cleopatra) - me nā lau "hōkū" kikoʻī o ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele me kahi pubescence ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho, e hāʻawi ana i ka lau i kahi aniani kala;
• tiga (Tigera) - ua puni nā lau, me nā veins ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me nā wā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, paʻa ka mea kanu, ʻaʻole hiki i nā wana ke lōʻihi ma mua o 15 cm.

Metala ʻo Begonia (Begonia metallica). ʻO nā lau naʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​lau o kēia begonia he kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo momona me ka "metallic" sheen. ʻO kahi ʻano begonia paʻa loa me nā wana e pili ana i 10 cm lōʻihi.

ʻO Begonia ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole Fista (Begonia erythrophylla). ʻO ka begonia ʻo "Grandma's" kahi hiʻohiʻona e ʻike ʻia me nā lau ʻāʻī, ʻoluʻolu a i ʻole wrinkled liʻiliʻi ma nā petioles. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hope o nā lau he ʻālohilohi, ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kanu a hiki i 25 cm, ʻoi aku ka laulā ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe.

Puʻuhonua

ʻaʻa begonia (Begonia corallina). ʻO kahi begonia shrub-type nui, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 90-100 cm. ʻO nā lau he oval-pointed, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me nā kiko liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia ʻano begonia pua nani me nā pua liʻiliʻi a ʻulaʻula paha i loko o nā puʻupuʻu o nā inflorescences. He liʻiliʻi nā ʻano, aia nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia begonia me nā lau lau, no ka laʻana, Peresidena Carnot.

ʻO Begonia, evergreen (Begonia semperflorens). ʻO Shrub a hiki i 60 cm ke kiʻekiʻe me ka nui a me ka lōʻihi o ka pua, i loko o nā kūlana lumi hiki ke mau i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā lau he mea liʻiliʻi, he poepoe, ʻelua nā pua, i nā ʻano ʻulaʻula like ʻole a me ka ʻulaʻula, i kekahi manawa keʻokeʻo. Nui nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hybrids o kēia begonia, aia nā mea compact me nā pua nui. He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano kaulana loa o kēia begonia ma muli o kā lākou ʻano nui; ʻike maoli ʻia nā hybrids hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

begonia elatior, or hooilo (Begonia x elatior). Ke kuhi hewa ʻia kēia mau mea kanu he ʻano ʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Elatior kahi hui o nā begonias hybrid o kahi ʻano ʻano maopopo ʻole. ʻO kēia ʻano pua begonias kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa i waena o nā mea kanu pua a me nā mea hānai, ʻo kāna hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ka hiki ke pua i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi mea kanu makua ma kahi o 30 cm (i kekahi manawa a hiki i 40 cm), hana ia i kahi lāʻau paʻa o kahi ʻano "bouquet". ʻO nā pua ka liʻiliʻi nui, akā nui loa, e pili ana i ka ʻano like ʻole, ʻokoʻa lākou mai ka maʻalahi a pālua. ʻO nā aka o nā pua he nani a ʻano like ʻole, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​begonias me nā pua o nā leo uliuli anuanu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o Elatior begonias me nā pua bicolor a i ʻole nā ​​pua palena.

begonia nui, or laolanui (Begonia pendula). ʻO ka'ōlelo koʻikoʻi,ʻaʻole kēia heʻano, akā,ʻo ka inoa hui no ka hui o begonias me nā lālā e kau ana, i uluʻia i loko o nā ipu hao a me nā hīnaʻi kau. ʻO ka pinepine kēia he begonias me kahi ʻōnaehana tuberous. ʻOkoʻa ka nui o ka begonias Ampel i ke ʻano a me ka malu o nā lau a me nā pua, ʻo nā pua keʻokeʻo pinepine, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele, hāʻule, aia ma nā kihi o nā wana. Nā moʻo like ʻole hoihoi Kakau, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea kanu me nā pua pālua.

Ka mālama ʻana i ka begonia lumi ma ka home

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana i nā begonias ma muli o ke ʻano. ʻO ka maʻalahi o ka ulu ʻana he begonia aliʻi, begonia Bauer, begonia ʻulaʻula, begonia pua mau a me begonia elatior.

Pā

Pono ka lepo no ka begonias i meaʻai, ʻoluʻolu, me kahi hopena acidic a me ka wai maikaʻi a me ka ea. Manaʻo nā mea ulu pua ʻike he ʻokoʻa nā koi no ka lepo i ka pua pua, ornamental a tuberous begonias.

Ke kūʻai ʻana i ka lepo i mākaukau no nā ʻano mea hoʻonaninani a me nā deciduous, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana i kahi mea kūikawā i hoʻolālā ʻia no begonias. Hiki ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu pua i loko, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi haku kūikawā no ka pua begonias a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kanu pua ʻē aʻe me nā koi like no nā ʻano lepo. No nā begonias tuberous, kūpono nā lepo momona no nā mea kanu pua, kahi e hoʻohui ʻia ai ka perlite a i ʻole vermiculite.

I ke kūʻai ʻana, e hoʻolohe i ke ʻano o ka hui ʻana o ka lepo: makemake ʻia e loaʻa nā mea biohumus, vermiculite, micro a me macro.

kau iho

Makemake ʻo Begonia i nā kukui ākea ākea me ka ʻole o ka lā o ka lā, hiki ke puhi i nā lau palupalu. No ka pua begonias a me nā ʻano deciduous nani me nā lau ʻulaʻula, pono ke kukui kukui. ʻO ka metallic, redleaf, a me nā begonia koʻa e ʻae i kekahi malu. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o Elatior begonias he mea hoihoi: pua wale lākou ma hope o nā hola o ke ao i hoʻemi ʻia i 9 mau hola - ʻo ia ke kumu e pua pinepine ai lākou i ke kau anuanu. I mea e lōʻihi ai ka pua, ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻōpuʻu he mea nui loa ʻaʻole e hoʻoneʻe i ka mea kanu - kahi hoʻololi o ke kukui (a hiki i ke kihi o ka hanana o nā kukui kukui) e alakaʻi i ka pōʻino o ka pua.

Kawaūea

Pono ʻo Begonia i ka ea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. I ke kau mahana (inā ʻaʻohe wela no nā lā he nui), ua lawa ka pae o ka haʻahaʻa i loko o kahi lumi ventilated no ia. I ka hoʻoilo, maloʻo mau ka ea o loko ma muli o nā mea hoʻomehana, no laila pono nā begonias i ka wai hou. ʻO ka koho maikaʻi loa he humidifier lumi. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa, hiki ke waiho ʻia kahi ipu begonia i loko o kahi pā me ka pālolo i hoʻonui ʻia, ʻiliʻili, moss, one, a me nā mea like ʻole. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, kūpono hoʻi kahi pahu ākea a haʻahaʻa o ka wai, pono e waiho ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka ipu begonia.

E makaʻala: ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka pīpī ʻana i ka begonias, alakaʻi kēia i nā kiko ma nā lau.

Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai

ʻO ka hoʻoponopono pololei ʻana i ka wai ka paʻakikī nui o ka mālama ʻana i nā begonias. Aloha lākou i ka wai, akā hiki wawe ka wai i ka pala o nā aʻa. He pōʻino nō hoʻi ka overdrying iā lākou, no laila he mea nui ka mālama ʻana i ka makū o ka lepo.

I ke kauwela, hoʻohāinu nui ʻia ka begonias ma kahi o 2 mau manawa i ka pule, i ka wela nui e hoʻonui ai i ka pinepine, akā ʻaʻole ka nui o ka wai. Ma waena o ka hoʻoinu ʻana, pono e maloʻo ka lepo i loko o ka ipuhao, akā ʻaʻole maloʻo loa (hiki ke nānā ʻia kēia ma ke kaomi ʻana i kou manamana lima i loko o ka lepo: ma kahi pāpaʻu pono e pulu).

I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka pinepine a me ka nui o ka hoʻoinu ʻana no ka hapa nui o nā begonias e like me ka hapalua. No Elatior begonias, i ka wā o ka pua, mālama ʻia ka pae maʻamau o ka lepo, a ma hope o ka pua ʻana, hoʻemi ʻia ka wai i maloʻo loa ka lepo, akā ʻaʻole maloʻo loa. ʻO Tuberous begonias me kahi manawa dormant i haʻi ʻia i ka hoʻoilo ʻaʻole i hoʻoinu ʻia a kokoke paha. I ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka begonia tuberous, e hōʻoia i ka hāʻule ʻole o ka wai ma luna o ka ʻōpala.

ʻO ka wai no ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka begonias pono e mahana a noho maikaʻi mau. Inā nui ka lime o ka wai paipu ma kou wahi, hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka alkalization o ka lepo i loko o nā ipu begonia, no laila e ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohui i kekahi mau kulu o ka waikawa citric i ka wai no ka irrigation.

ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa e hoʻoinu i ka begonias i ke kakahiaka. I ke kau mahana, hiki ke hoʻoinu ʻia i ke ahiahi, akā ʻaʻole i ke ao, i ka wela.

Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Begonia i ka wehe ʻana o ka lepo ma hope o ka hoʻoinu ʻana - hoʻomaikaʻi kēia i ke komo ʻana o ka ea i nā aʻa. Hoʻokahe koke ʻia ka wai e komo i ka pā.

nā mea kanu

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu wai kūikawā no ka begonias - loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano kaulike i kūpono no kēia mea kanu. Hiki nō hoʻi iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā mea kanu i manaʻo ʻia no nā lau lau a me nā mea kanu pua.

ʻO nā fertilizers me ka nui o ka nitrogen e kūpono wale no nā begonias me nā lau hoʻonaninani, ʻoiai lākou e hāʻawi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Pono ka pua begonias i nā haku mele me ka nui o ka phosphorus a me ka potassium. No ka pua begonias, ʻoi aku ka Elatior, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā mea kanu lōʻihi, e like me nā papa a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau.

e ai ana

Hānai ʻia ʻo Begonias i ka wā o ka ulu ikaika, mai ʻApelila a i ka hopena o Kepakemapa, hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia pule 1, e hoʻopili ana i nā mea kanu wai me ka wai. Hiki ke hānai pinepine ʻia ʻo Elatior begonias - 2 manawa i 1 pule. Ua hānai ʻia ʻo Begonias e pua i ka hoʻoilo i kēia manawa me ka pinepine o 3 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia mahina, ma hope o ka pua ʻana, pau ka hānai ʻana.

No ka mea he nui nā ʻano begonias, ʻaʻole kūpono nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo maʻamau i kāu pua ponoʻī, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lole kiʻekiʻe me kahi ʻano o 1/2 o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia. Me ka nui o ka nitrogen, ulu ka begonias i nā lau he nui, akā ʻaʻole nakinaki ʻia nā pua.

ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lau maikaʻi, ke kuʻi ʻana i ka wā ulu ikaika, ʻo ka make ʻana o nā ʻōpuʻu e hōʻike ana i kahi hemahema o ka meaʻai. E nānā i kāu mau mea kanu a hoʻoponopono i nā kau a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā papa e pili ana i ko lākou kūlana.

Kūkā

I loko o ka begonias nahele, ʻōlelo ʻia e kuʻi i nā piko o nā wana - hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi lāʻau lush.

Pono e ʻoki ʻia nā pua begonias ma hope o ka pua ʻana. Hele ʻo Elatior begonias i loko o kahi wā dormant ma hope o ka pua ʻana, a nui nā mea kanu pua e hana i kahi ʻoki ʻana o nā wana āpau e hoʻomaka hou ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka mea kanu i ka wā ulu.

ʻO nā wana kahiko o nā ʻano begonia he nui e lilo i mea ʻole, nalowale nā ​​​​lau, no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia e wehe iā lākou.

No nā kumu hoʻomaʻemaʻe, wehe ʻia nā lau maloʻo a me nā ʻōpala mai nā ʻano begonias āpau.

Ka hana hou ʻana o ka begonias lumi ma ka home

Hoʻolaha maʻalahi ka pua begonia i nā mea kanu - ma ka ʻoki ʻana, ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā ʻōpala, ma ke aʻa ʻana i ka lau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i ka begonias mai nā hua, akā ʻaʻole kūpono nā hua o kāu hōʻiliʻili ponoʻī no kēia: ʻo ka begonias nani loa he kumu hybrid, a ma nā hybrids, nā mea kanu kaikamahine i ulu ʻia mai nā hua ʻaʻole i hoʻoilina i nā ʻano makua.

Nā ʻokiʻoki. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi, no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka ʻōpala mai ka begonia pruning i hana ʻia i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela.

Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻokiʻoki mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka pana, ʻo ka mea nui he 2 - 3 mau nodes. Hoʻopau ʻia nā lau, koe wale nō nā mea o luna, waiho ʻia ka ʻōpala i loko o ke aniani o ka wai i ka mahana o ka lumi a mālama ʻia i kahi wahi mahana a me ka mālamalama. Ma hope o ka puka ʻana o nā aʻa, kanu ʻia ka begonia i ka lepo.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻa pololei i nā ʻokiʻoki i ka lepo. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ʻoki ʻia ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka ʻokiʻoki me kahi stimulator hoʻokumu aʻa (no ka laʻana, Kornevin), a laila kau ʻia ka ʻokiʻoki i kahi substrate maʻemaʻe. Ua uhi ʻia ka pahu me kahi ʻeke a i ʻole ka plastic transparent a mālama ʻia i kahi mahana a mālamalama, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa a, inā pono, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lepo. ʻO kahi hōʻailona o ka ʻoki ʻana i ke aʻa ʻo ke ʻano o nā lau ʻōpiopio. Ma hope o kēlā, wehe ʻia ka uhi, mālama ʻia ka mea kanu e like me ka mea maʻamau.

Ma ka mahele. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia no nā begonias ulu a me tuberous, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me kahi transplant puna. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻāpana no nā pua begonia ulu a ʻelemakule, kahi i hoʻolaʻa hou ʻia.

Lawe ʻia ka mea kanu mai ka ipuhao, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā aʻa mai ka lepo a i ʻole, inā pono, holoi māmā. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia ka rhizome me kahi mea hana sterilized koi i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ka helu like o nā wana ikaika. Kāpīpī ʻia ka ʻoki me ka carbon activated a i ʻole ka lehu lāʻau. Kanu ʻia ʻo Delenki i loko o nā ipuhao.

Ua aneane like ka ʻenehana mahele o ka tuber: ʻoki ʻia ka ʻōpala i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana nā ʻōpuʻu olakino, ʻae ʻia ka ʻoki e maloʻo a kāpīpī ʻia me ka lanahu a lehu paha. Ma hope o kēlā, kanu ʻia ka delenki i ka lepo a mālama ʻia i kahi mahana a mālamalama, pale ʻia mai ka lā pololei.

Lau lau. Ua kūpono ke ʻano no ka begonias me kahi kumu pōkole a i ʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia.

ʻOki ʻia ka lau propagation me kahi ʻāpana o ka petiole a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi aniani wai, e hoʻololi ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma hope o ka puka ʻana o nā aʻa, kanu ʻia ka lau i ka lepo - e ulu aʻe i kahi mea kanu holoʻokoʻa.

ʻāpana pepa. ʻO kahi ʻano hana ʻoi aku ka hana a ʻaʻole kūleʻa mau, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā mea kanu mai ka lau hoʻokahi.

ʻOki ʻia ka lau a ʻoki ʻia nā veins ma ka ʻaoʻao hope a i ʻole i māhele ʻia i mau ʻāpana-ʻāpana i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o lākou i hoʻokahi longitudinal a me 2 a ʻoi aʻe nā veins transverse. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa me kahi vein longitudinal kanu ʻia i loko o ke one maʻemaʻe, ua uhi ʻia ka pahu me kahi poʻi aniani a mālama ʻia i kahi wahi mahana, mālamalama, e hoʻoheheʻe pinepine ʻia. ʻO ka lepo, inā pono, e hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia me ka'ōmole'ōmole.

Hiki ke aʻa a hiki i 3 mahina. ʻO nā mea kanu ʻōpio i loaʻa ma kēia ʻano e ulu mālie loa i ka wā mua.

Ke kanu nei i ka begonias lumi ma ka home

Hoʻololi pinepine ʻia ʻo Begonias i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, pono e kanu ʻia nā mea kanu makua me ka ulu ikaika i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. Hiki ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i loko o nā ipu nui a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kanu ulu lohi i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 1 makahiki. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Elatior begonias ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka pua, ke komo ka mea kanu i kahi manawa dormant.

ʻO kahi hōʻailona o ka pono no ka hoʻololi ʻana ʻo nā aʻa e puka mai ana mai nā lua wai o ka ipuhao. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea ulu ikaika a me nā lāʻau kahiko i ka wā o ka transplantation.

Pono ka ipuhao hou no ka pua begonia he 2-3 cm ka nui ma mua o ka mea ma mua. ʻO nā aʻa o ka hapa nui o nā begonias he paʻakikī, no laila e ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻoneʻe i nā mea kanu i kahi pahu hou, ʻoiai e mālama ana i kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka coma honua - hoʻoluliluli mālie lākou i ka honua mai ia mea.

Maikaʻi ka holoi ʻana i nā aʻa inā manaʻo ʻia ka pala. Nānā ʻia ka ʻōnaehana aʻa i holoi ʻia, hoʻopau ʻia nā aʻa ʻino a pau, a laila hoʻoinu ʻia no kahi hola i loko o kahi hopena ʻulaʻula o ka potassium permanganate. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i kahi pahu hou, maloʻo iki nā aʻa.

I ke kanu ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hohonu i ka ʻāʻī o ka begonias a hoʻopaʻa ikaika i ka lepo. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana, hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka mea kanu i kona wahi maʻamau, hāʻawi ʻia me ka wai maʻamau a me ka pale ʻana mai ka lā pololei.

ʻO nā maʻi o ka begonia lumi

Root pala. ʻO kēia maʻi o ka begonias i loko ke kumu e nā fungi pathogenic a ma ka hapa nui o nā hihia ka hopena o ka wai nui. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ke kū nei ka begonias i ka ulu a me ka make ʻana o nā lau i loko o ka mea kanu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo pololei i ka maʻi o ka begonia me ka pala o ke aʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe wale i waho o ka ipuhao.

ʻeleʻele nā ​​aʻa i hoʻopilikia ʻia, palaualelo, hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi mai ka mea kanu. Inā hoʻopili wale ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana kumu, wehe ʻia nā aʻa maʻi āpau, hoʻomoʻi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana kumu i kahi hopena fungicide: Vitaros, Oksihom, Alirin-B, Ordan (4), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Me ka lanakila ikaika, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i ka begonia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo e ʻoki i nā ʻokiʻoki mai ia mea.

Punahelu hina. Hoʻopilikia mua ia i ka ʻāpana ea o ka mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka pōʻino i ka wā e mālama ʻia ai ka pua begonia i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka pala hina he "wai" hina hina ma nā lau a me nā petioles. I ka wā lōʻihi, hoʻonui nā kiko, lilo i slimy, make nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu.

I ka ʻike ʻana i ka pala hina, wehe koke ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau o ka mea kanu, mālama ʻia ka begonia me nā fungicides keleawe: Hom, Oxyhom, Bordeaux hui 1% (4).

Puka pauda. Ke ulu nei kēia maʻi begonia i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia mai nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi hōʻailona o ka maʻi he ʻano paʻa pauka ma nā lau a / a i ʻole nā ​​​​wahi ʻē aʻe o ka mea kanu.

No ka hakakā ʻana i ka lepo lepo, e hoʻohana i nā fungicides keleawe i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, a i ʻole kahi hopena o ka colloidal sulfur ma kahi ʻano o 0,3 - 0,5%.

ʻO ka maʻi bacteriosis. Hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho ma ka melemele a me ka ʻeleʻele o nā lau, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā kihi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka pōʻeleʻele a me ka make o nā veins lau.

I ka wā mua o ka maʻi, hiki ke hoʻopakele ʻia ka mea kanu ma ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia a mālama i ka mea kanu me nā fungicides. Me kahi leona ikaika, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka begonia maʻi.

wahi apo. He maʻi weliweli loa o ka begonia lumi. Nā hōʻailona - nā kiko melemele a me ka ʻeleʻele o ke ʻano poepoe, pinepine me nā wahi necrosis i waenakonu. Hiki ke ʻulaʻula nā lau.

ʻO ka maʻi he viral ma ke ʻano, no laila ʻaʻohe mea e ola ai. Pono e hoʻolei koke ʻia kahi mea kanu maʻi i mea e pale aku ai i ke koena.

Nā pests begonia lumi

Aphid. He mau ʻiniko ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻēheu liʻiliʻi loa kēia i ʻike ʻia me ka maka. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino i nā begonias ke ʻā a me ka make ʻana o nā lau.

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hakakā ʻana i nā aphids me ke kōkua o kahi kopa ʻōmaʻomaʻo kūikawā, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka kopa hale. I kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia ka infusion paka ma ka home. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana agrochemical no nā aphids, Actellik a i ʻole Fitoverm (4).

hakeʻe. He ʻēheu keʻokeʻo me ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 2 mm. Ua like nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi me nā aphids.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana e like me: ka holoi ʻana i ka mea kanu me ke kopa ʻōmaʻomaʻo (2-3 mau manawa me kahi manawa o kekahi mau lā) a i ʻole nā ​​​​hoʻomākaukau insecticidal: Actellik, Fitoverm (4).

ʻO ka spider mite. ʻO ka pest maʻamau o begonias a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe i loko, e hōʻike ana iā ia iho ma ka hoʻonāwaliwali ʻana i nā lau a me kahi ʻano spider web ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka mea kanu.

Mai nā spider mites, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau like mai nā aphids a me nā whiteflies, ua hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻo Kleshchevit iā ia iho (4).

Palekana hoopunipuni. ʻO nā pest begonia nui a hiki i ka 4 mm ka nui e ʻike maʻalahi ʻia e like me nā outgrowths brown - "pale" i hoʻopili ʻia i nā lau, ʻo ka pinepine ma ka ʻaoʻao hope.

ʻO Begonias me nā lau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai nā iniseti unahi: holoi ʻia ka mea kanu me ke kopa ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā iniseti unahi me kahi pulupulu niho palupalu. Inā paʻakikī ka lesion a i ʻole ka begonia me nā lau palupalu, pono e mālama ʻia ka mea kanu me Actellik a i ʻole Aktara (4) e like me nā kuhikuhi.

ʻO Thrips. ʻO kahi pōʻino weliweli o ka begonias i loko a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe he ʻēheu ʻēheu a hiki i 2 mm ka lōʻihi. He ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele paha nā mākua, ʻalani nā ʻōpala.

Mai thrips, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano like me nā pale pale wahaheʻe, a mālama pono ʻia ka lepo i loko o ka ipuhao. Me ka ikaika o ka thrips infestation, kūpono ke hoʻololi i ka begonia i ka lepo hou.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Ua kūkākūkā mākou i nā pilikia o ka ulu ʻana i ka begonias me agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Kumuwaiwai o

1. Catalog of the plant collection of the Central Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences http://www.csbg.nsc.ru/catalog/kollektsiya-tropicheskih-i-subtropicheskih-rastenij.html
2. Tamberg TG, Ovchinnikov Yu. A. Begonia. // L.: Lenizdat, 1989
3. Hession DG Nā mea a pau e pili ana i nā mea kanu i loko // M .: Kladez-Buks, 2005
4. ʻAe ʻia ka papa inoa o nā pesticides a me nā agrochemical no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ka Federation ma Iulai 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation
5. https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/