Pine ʻeleʻele
Ma waho, ua like ia me kā mākou paina Scotch kuʻuna, akā ʻoi aku ka ʻeleʻele o kona mau nila. He mea hoʻonani loa ka lāʻau a he mea hoʻokipa mau i ka pā hale. Akā ʻo ka pine ʻeleʻele he malihini hema. Hiki ke ulu ia ma ke ala waena?

ʻO ka pine ʻeleʻele ka mea maoli i ka Balkan Peninsula. Ma ke ʻano, loaʻa ia ma Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Albania, Greece, a me nā ʻāina kokoke - Austria, Italia, Slovenia. ʻO kēia nā ʻāina me ka mahana wela, akā noho nui ia ma nā mauna, no laila ua maʻa ia i ka hau a me ke anu. No laila, hiki ke ulu i ko mākou ʻāina.

ʻO ka pine ʻeleʻele (Pinus nigra) kahi lāʻau ikaika loa, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 20-30 m, akā aia nā specimens o 50 m. Akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi: ma kā mākou pine he 2 cm ia, a ma ka pine ʻeleʻele - 5 - 10 cm.

I ka wā ʻōpiopio, he ʻano conical nā kumulāʻau, lilo nā ʻano kanaka makua e like me ka umbrella.

Nui nā ʻano subspecies a me nā ʻano ʻano o ka pine ʻeleʻele, ma waena o ia, no ka laʻana, Crimean pine, hiki ke loaʻa i kā mākou mau hōkele ʻo Black Sea. ʻAe, a no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole i ke ʻano, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea hoʻolale ke kōkua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia a loaʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole.

Nā ʻano ʻano pine ʻeleʻele

Nui ka nui o ia mau mea a he mau hoʻololi kūlohelohe lākou a pau.

Bambino (Bambino). ʻO kahi ʻano compact me kahi lei spherical - ʻo kona anawaena kiʻekiʻe he 2 m. Ke ulu mālie nei ia, hāʻawi i ka piʻi ʻana o 4 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila, akā i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻololi ke kala i ka hina-'ōmaʻomaʻo. ʻOi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka hau - a hiki i -28 ° С.

Brepo (Brepo). He pōpō maʻamau kēia ʻano like ʻole. Ke ulu mālie nei ia, i ka makahiki 10 ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 50 cm. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila. ʻO ke kū ʻana o ka hau i lalo i -28 ° C, akā no ka mea paʻa loa nā lāʻau, ma lalo o ka hau hiki iā lākou ke ʻae i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

pōʻalo (Globose). He ʻano spherical nō hoʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka nui - ma kahi o 3 m ke kiʻekiʻe. Ua ulu mālie, nānā nui. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā nila. Kūleʻa hau - a hiki i -28 ° С.

Hale kiaʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo (Ka Hale kiaʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo). Ua unuhiʻia ka inoa o kēiaʻano likeʻole he "'ōmaʻomaʻo hale kiaʻi", e hōʻike pono ana i konaʻano - he mau lāʻau columnar haʻahaʻa kēia. I ka makahiki 10, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ko lākou kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 2,5 m me ke anawaena o 1 m, a ma ka makahiki 30 a hiki i 5 m. He lōʻihi nā kui o kēia ʻano, a hiki i 12 cm, ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pale hau ma mua o -28 ° C.

Walania Kahakai (Green Rocket). ʻO kekahi ʻano pyramidal. I ka makahiki 10, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2-2,5 m me ke anawaena lei aliʻi ma lalo o 1 m. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mea hoʻohālike makua ma mua o 6 m, a ʻo ke anawaena kiʻekiʻe he 2 m. He lōʻihi kona mau nila, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka pale o ka hau ma mua o -28 °C.

Nana (Nana). ʻO kēia kahi ʻano dwarf 2 m kiʻekiʻe (kakaʻikahi e ulu a hiki i 3 m) a me ke anawaena like. He ʻano pyramid ākea kona. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila, 10 knm ka lōʻihi, paʻakikī, akā ʻaʻole prickly. Kūleʻa hau - a hiki i -28 ° С.

Omaomao Oregona (Oregon Green). ʻO kēia ʻano like ʻole ke ʻano o kahi cone asymmetric. Ua ulu mālie - ma ka makahiki 30 hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 6 - 8 m, akā ma hope hiki ke piʻi i ka 15 m. Ma nā'ōpiopio'ōpiopio, he'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo nā nila, a laila pouli. Kūleʻa hau - a hiki i -28 ° С.

ʻO Pyramidalis (Pyramidalis). Hōʻike ka inoa o kēia ʻano like ʻole i ke ʻano o ka lei aliʻi - he pyramidal. Ke ulu mālie nei ia, hāʻawi i ka piʻi o 20 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 30 m i ka makahiki 6. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe he 8 m, a ʻo ke anawaena o ka lei aliʻi he 3 m. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila, paʻakikī, 10 knm ka lōʻihi. Kūleʻa hau - a hiki i -28 ° С.

ʻO Fastigiata (Fastigiata). He mea hoihoi ka ʻano like ʻole no kona hiʻohiʻona ulu: i ka wā ʻōpio, ua like nā mea kanu me kahi kolamu haiki me nā lālā symmetrical, akā loaʻa nā kumu lāʻau i ke ʻano umbrella maʻamau. He papa kiʻekiʻe loa kēia - a hiki i 20 - 45 m. Kūleʻa hau - a hiki i -28 ° С.

Hornibrookiana (Hornibrookiana). He lei poepoe kona ano like ole. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke anawaena ma mua o 2 m. Ke ulu mālie nei, ʻo ka ulu makahiki he 10 cm. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā nā kui. Kūleʻa hau - a hiki i -28 ° С.

Ke kanu ʻana i ka pine ʻeleʻele

Kūʻai ʻia nā hua paina ʻeleʻele i loko o nā pahu, no laila hiki ke kanu ʻia i ke kau mahana - mai ka waena o ʻApelila a waena o ʻOkakopa.

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e ʻeli i kahi lua nui - pono e ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nui o ka ipu. I ke kanuʻana, he mea nui e hōʻoia i ka pae o ka lepo i loko o ka ipuhao e like me ka pae lepo i loko o ka māla -ʻaʻole pono e kanuʻia ka'ā'ī aʻa.

mālama paina ʻeleʻele

ʻO ka pilikia nui o ka paina ʻeleʻele ʻo ia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hau. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻano e kū i ka hau a hiki i -28 ° C. Hōʻike nā puke kuhikuhi i ka pale hau like no nā lāʻau ʻano. Eia naʻe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā lākou ke ola i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi. Wahi a breeder-dendrologist, Kauka o ka ʻEpekema Mahiʻai Nikolai Vekhov (ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ke kahua hoʻokolohua Lipetsk no 30 mau makahiki), ʻo ka pine ʻeleʻele i ka hoʻoilo koʻikoʻi o 1939-1940 a me 1941-1942 kū i ka hau o -40 ° C me ka pilikia ʻole. A ʻaʻole ʻo ia i maloʻo.

Eia naʻe, aia nō ka pilikia. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea i ka ulu ʻana ma luna o nā palena o nā ʻāina ʻo Saratov a me Tambov. Hōʻike ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā ʻāina steppe a me nā ululāʻau-steppe ua paʻa loa ia, akā ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow e ulu maikaʻi a maloʻo. Eia naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ke kūpaʻa ma ke kapikala.

Pā

Ma keʻano, ulu pinepine ka pineʻeleʻele ma nā lepo calcareous, maloʻo a me ka pōhaku, akā ma keʻano nuiʻaʻole ia e koi ana i ka lepo - hiki ke kanuʻia ma kahi one one, loam māmā, a me ka lepoʻeleʻele. ʻO ka lepo kaumaha a pulu loa ka mea āna i makemake ʻole ai.

kau iho

ʻO kā mākou Scotch pine he photophilous, akā ʻoi aku ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana o ka pine ʻeleʻele i ke kukui. ʻAe, aloha ʻo ia i ka lā, akā ʻae ʻo ia i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao me ka pilikia ʻole.

Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai

Pono wale ia i ka makahiki mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i ka seedling. A laila ʻaʻole pono ka wai - ʻo ka pine ʻeleʻele kahi mea kanu maloʻo a me ka wela.

nā mea kanu

I ke kanu ʻana i loko o ka lua, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka mea momona.

e ai ana

ʻAʻole koi ʻia lākou - ma ke ʻano, ulu ka pine ʻeleʻele ma nā ʻāina ʻilihune, hiki iā ia ke kiʻi i kāna meaʻai ponoʻī.

Hana hou i ka pine ʻeleʻele

Hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia nā pine pine e nā hua. ʻO nā cones ʻeleʻele i ka lua o ka makahiki, i ka pūnāwai. Akā pono nā hua i kahi manawa o ka dormancy anuanu, no laila pono lākou e stratified ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono lākou e hui ʻia me ke one maʻemaʻe a hoʻouna ʻia i hoʻokahi mahina i loko o ka friji. Ma hope o kēlā, hiki ke kanu ʻia ma ka ʻāina ākea - i kahi hohonu o 1,5 cm.

Hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole me ka grafting.

ʻO nā ho'āʻo e hoʻolaha i ka pine ʻeleʻele mai nā ʻokiʻoki ʻaʻole i kūleʻa mau.

ʻO nā maʻi o ka pine ʻeleʻele

Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ka pine ʻeleʻele kahi mea kanu kūpaʻa i ka maʻi, akā mau nō.

Pine milo (pana rust). ʻO kēia kekahi o nā maʻi weliweli loa o ka pine ʻeleʻele. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi i ka hāʻule - loaʻa i nā nila ke kala ʻulaʻula, akā ʻaʻole hāʻule. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka ʻōpala pathogen a maoli i loko o 1 - 2 mau makahiki hiki ke hoʻopau loa i ka lāʻau.

ʻO ka pūʻali waena o kēia haʻuki he aspen a me ka poplar. Aia ma luna o lākou e hana ai i nā spores e hoʻopili pinepine i nā pine.

Pono e hoʻomaka koke ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu i hoʻopilikia ʻia. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻohana i ka wai Bordeaux (1%). Hana ʻia ka hana mua i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei, a laila ʻo 2-3 sprayings me kahi manawa o 5 mau lā.

Brown Shutte (palapala hau ʻeleʻele). He nui nā ʻano ʻano Shutte, akā he ʻeleʻele e pili ana i ka pine ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia fungus pathogenic ka ulu ʻana o kona ulu ʻana i nā mahina hoʻoilo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka maʻi e nā nila ʻeleʻele me kahi uhi keʻokeʻo.

Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka maʻi; no kēia, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau ʻo Hom a i ʻole Racurs (1).

Ka maʻi 'aʻai pana (scleroderriosis). Hoʻopilikia kēia maʻi i nā ʻano pine like ʻole, me ka ʻeleʻele. Paʻiʻo ia, e like me ka inoa, nā'ōpuʻu, akā hiki keʻikeʻia nā hōʻailona mua ma nā nila - ma nā wēlau o nā lālā, hāʻule i keʻano o nā umbrellas. ʻO ka mua, huli nā nila i ka melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo, a ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau (maʻamau i loko o kekahi mau lā) lilo lākou i ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. Laha ka ma'i i ka laau mai luna a lalo. Inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā wahi make ma ka ʻili (2).

ʻO nā pine ʻōpio, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ke anawaena o ke kumu ma mua o 1 knm, make pinepine. No ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu kahiko, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau Fundazol.

nā pests pine ʻeleʻele

'A'ole e like me ka paina Scots, ka mea i ho'opilikia 'ia e ka nui o na inike, pa'a pa'a ka pine 'ele'ele - 'a'ole hiki i kekahi ke kuko. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻailona, ​​ʻaʻole paha, hoʻokahi pest.

Paina pale. Noho ʻo ia ma nā paina wale nō, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pine Scotch, akā ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ua mākaukau ʻo ia e ʻahaʻaina i kēlā me kēia ʻano, me ka pine ʻeleʻele. He pepeke liʻiliʻi kēia, he 1,5 - 2 mm ka nui o nā pākeke a noho maʻamau ma ke kua o nā nila. ʻO ka hopena, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila. Hoʻopilikia pinepine ia i nā lāʻau ʻōpiopio a hiki i 5 mau makahiki (3).

ʻAʻole hana maʻalahi ka hakakā ʻana i ka inike unahi. ʻAʻole neʻe nā ʻōpala, akā ua uhi ʻia me ka pūpū ikaika a ʻaʻole hana nā hoʻomākaukau hoʻopili iā lākou. ʻO ka systemic pinepine - ʻae, komo lākou i ka mea kanu, kaʻapuni i loko o ka ʻōnaehana vascular, akā ʻai ka insect scale i nā wai mai nā ʻiʻo o luna o nā nila, kahi i komo ʻole ai nā lāʻau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokuʻu i nā iniseti unahi wale nō i ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai nā larvae hele ʻole i pale ʻia e ka pūpū - i Iulai, pono e mālama ʻia nā mea kanu me Actellik. A make ka poʻe mākua iā lākou iho - hoʻokahi wale nō kau e ola ai.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Ua kamaʻilio mākou i nā nīnau koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka pine ʻeleʻele agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Hiki paha ke ulu i ka pine ʻeleʻele ma ke ala waena a me ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow?
He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka paina ʻeleʻele, akā ma nā ʻāpana hema o ka waena waena (a hiki i ka palena o ka ʻāina ʻo Tambov) ulu maikaʻi. I ke kūkulu ʻākau, hiki i kona mau pua ke maloʻo iki, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana i nā ʻano dwarf o kēia lāʻau - hoʻoilo maikaʻi lākou ma lalo o ka hau.
Pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka pine ʻeleʻele i ka hoʻolālā ʻāina?
Hiki ke ulu i nā ʻano pine a me nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe i nā mea kanu hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​hui, a me ka hui pū ʻana me nā paina ʻē aʻe. ʻIke maikaʻi nā ʻano liʻiliʻi i ke kanu ʻana me nā paina mauna, nā junipers kolo, thujas, a me nā microbiota. A hiki ke kanu ʻia ma nā puʻu alpine a ma nā māla pōhaku.
Pono e ʻoki ʻia ka pine ʻeleʻele?
Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā paina kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻoki ʻana. A hana ʻia nā bonsai mai lākou. ʻAʻole pono nā ʻano dwarf i ka pruning formative, akā pono ka maʻemaʻe - pono e wehe ʻia nā lālā maloʻo a maʻi.

Kumuwaiwai o

  1. ʻO ka papa inoa o ka mokuʻāina o nā pesticides a me nā agrochemical i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ka Federation mai Iulai 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/ʻike-ʻoihana/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
  2. Zhukov AM, Gninenko Yu.I., Zhukov PD ʻO nā maʻi i aʻo ʻia liʻiliʻi o nā conifers i nā ululāʻau o ko mākou ʻāina: ed. 2, rev. a me nā mea hou // Pushkino: VNIILM, 2013. - 128 p.
  3. ʻO Grey GA Pine scale insect – ucaspis pusilla Low, 1883 (Homoptera: Diaspididae) ma ka moku Volgograd // Entomological and parasitological research in the Volga region, 2017 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/schitovka-sosnovaya-ucaspis- pusilla-low-1883- homoptera-diaspididae-v-volgogradskoy-oblasti

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