ʻO Bilharzia, ka mea maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo schistosomiasis, he maʻi parasitic e hoʻopilikia ana i nā ʻōpala a me nā subtropics, ka nui ma ʻApelika. ʻO ia ke kumu e nā ilo parasitic a hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi koʻikoʻi a me ke kīnā koʻikoʻi. He pilikia olakino o ka lehulehu, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka lua o ka hopena parasitic ma hope o ka malaria.

Ua pepehi ʻo Bilharzia ma waena o 20 a me 000 mau kānaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e like me ka World Health Organization, nāna i mālama ma mua o 200 miliona mau kānaka ma 000. Ua manaʻo ka WHO i ka nui o nā poʻe e koi ana i ka mālama pale ʻana ma mua o 60 miliona. Aia ʻo Bilharzia ma Latin America, ka Middle East a me ʻAsia, akā ʻo ka ʻāina ʻApelika e hoʻomau i ka 2014-250% o nā hihia. (80) Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Bilharzia he maʻi ʻino i mālama ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, he maʻi laha a paʻa i nā ʻāpana ulu (i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo NTD no ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ka maʻi Tropical). Hiki ke loli kēia no ka mea ua loaʻa kekahi mau hihia ma ʻEulopa mai 2011, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Corsica, e hoʻonui ana i ka makaʻu i ka hiki ʻana mai o kēia parasitosis ma ʻEulopa. (2)

ʻO nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi ʻo ia ka ʻūhū, a ma hope o kekahi mau pule ma hope o ke kuni, ka ʻū, a me ka ʻeha ʻiʻo. Aia ʻelua mau ʻano nui o ka schistosomiasis:

• ʻO ka schistosomiasis o ka ʻōpū: ʻo ka maʻi maʻi, ke koko i loko o ka waihona a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū he mau hōʻailona maʻamau. Ma konaʻano maʻamau,ʻo nā pilikia he hoʻonui i ka nui o ke ake a me ka spleen (hepatomegaly a me splenomegaly).
• Urogenital schistosomiasis: ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ke koko i loko o ka mimi e hōʻike pinepine ana i ka schistosomiasis urogenital, hiki ke hōʻeha i ka ʻōpū, urethra a me nā puʻupaʻa.

ʻIke ʻia ka lohi o ka ulu a me ka noʻonoʻo i nā keiki i hoʻopilikia ʻia a mālama ʻole ʻia.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Bilharzia e nā ilo parasitic o ka genus ʻO Schistosoma. ʻEkolu mau ʻano ilo ke kuleana o ka lawe ʻana i ka bilharzia i nā kānaka: ʻO Schistosoma haematobium (bilharziose urogeÌ ?? nitale), ʻO Schistosoma mansoni et ʻO Schistosoma japonicum (nā Billiards ʻōpū).

Nui ka lehulehu o Bilharzia i nā ʻāina ʻāwīwī a me nā subtropics e noho pū ana me ka wai paʻa. ʻO nā lawaiʻa, nā wahine e holoi lole a me nā keiki e pāʻani ana i nā pāʻani.

Hoʻoulu nā ʻōhua o ka parasite i loko o nā gastropods wai maʻemaʻe a komo i ke kino o ke kanaka ma o ka ʻili. Hoʻokahe ʻia lākou e ke koko i loko o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū kahi e hoʻopuka ai lākou i nā hua e hōʻino ai i nā ʻiʻo a hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena inflammatory o ke kino. Ua haumia ka wai e nā feces o ka poʻe e lawe ana i ka parasite.

He lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi ʻo Praziquantel e kūʻē i nā ʻano schistosomiasis āpau, palekana a maʻalahi. ʻO ka mālama pinepine ʻana i nā heluna kanaka i ka pilikia e hiki ke ho'ōla i nā pae mua o ka maʻi a hoʻemi i ka nui o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi. ʻO ka hakakā ʻana i ka maʻi endemic, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai kūpaʻa, ka hakakā ʻana i nā gastropods nā mea hoʻokele o ka parasite, a me ka pale ʻana i waena o nā heluna o nā wahi endemic. No ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi ma nā ʻāina ākea a me nā subtropics, pono lākou e pale i ka ʻauʻau ʻana ma nā loko, loko a me nā muliwai.