He aha ka maʻi bipolar?

Le bipolar kāna hana He maʻi ʻino koʻikoʻi i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka "moʻo kiʻekiʻe", me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hyperactivity, a me nā ʻāpana o ke ʻano haʻahaʻa (depressive state).

Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana "manic-depressive" me nā manawa maʻamau a paʻa ke ʻano, no nā manawa like ʻole.¹.

I ka wā o ka "manic" episodes, huhū ke kanaka, hyperactive, manaʻo ʻaʻole pono e hiamoe, kamaʻilio nui, a hōʻike pinepine i ka manaʻo hoʻonui iā ia iho, ʻo ia hoʻi ka manaʻo o ka mana loa. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, i ka wā hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa kona ʻano ikehu, ʻeleʻele kona ʻano, kaumaha, me ka nalowale o ka hoihoi i nā hana like ʻole a me nā papahana. 

ʻO ia kekahi o nā maʻi psychiatric pinepine, e pili ana i ka 1 a 2,5% o ka heluna kanaka. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka maʻi i ka poʻe ʻōpio (ma lalo o 25) a lilo i mea hou. ʻO ka māhele mua e ukali ʻia e nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o nā maʻi ʻino i 90% o nā hihia.

He maʻi ia e hōʻeha ai i nā pilikia pilikanaka, ʻoihana a me ka naʻau a hiki ke alakaʻi pinepine i nā hoʻāʻo pepehi kanaka. Ua ʻike ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) ʻo ia ka ʻehiku kumu nui o ke kīnā i kēlā me kēia makahiki o ke ola ma waena o 15 a 44 mau makahiki, ma waena o nā maʻi āpau.

Ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi bipolar

Hōʻike ʻia nā maʻi maʻi maʻi bipolar e ka holomua o nā manawa a me ka hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻana, ʻoiai ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana.

ʻO ka pilikia o ka pepehi kanaka ke mau nei ka makaʻu nui e pili ana i kēia maʻi. Eia kekahi, no nā kumu olaola i maopopo ʻole ʻia, pili pinepine ʻia nā maʻi bipolar me ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi cardiovascular, me nā maʻi metabolic a me ka hormonal.

Hōʻike nā haʻawina, no kēia mau kumu āpau, ʻo ka manaʻolana o ke ola o nā maʻi me ka maʻi bipolar ma ka awelika 10 a 11 mau makahiki ma mua o ke ola o ke koena o ka heluna kanaka.².

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi bipolar? 

ʻO kēia maʻi, i kapa ʻia ma mua manic-depressive maʻi a i ʻole kaumaha manic, hele mai ma na ano he nui. No laila, hele pū ʻia ka maʻi bipolar me nā hōʻailona psychotic (e like me ka hallucinations, delusions). Hiki iā lākou, e like me ka HAS3 :

• hypomanic (nā hōʻailona like akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka wā i kapa ʻia ʻo "manic" episode);
• nā maniac me nā hōʻailona psychotic;
• nā maniac me nā hōʻailona psychotic;
• ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa paha;
• kaumaha loa me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona psychotic;
• kaumaha loa me nā hōʻailona psychotic
• hui pū ʻia (mania a me ke kaumaha) me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona psychotic;
• hui pū me nā hōʻailona psychotic.

ʻO ka mana hou loa o ka Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ka DSM-V, i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 2014, manaʻo e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka maʻi bipolar penei:

• ʻano maʻi maʻi bipolar I, ʻike ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻana o hoʻokahi manic a i ʻole ka hui ʻana.
• maʻi bipolar type II, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hiki ʻana mai o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha nā manawa kaumaha nui a ma kahi liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi o ka hypomania.
• ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia ka maʻi bipolar.

ʻOiai ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka maʻi, ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona o kēlā me kēia kanaka. I kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hōʻailona o ke kaumaha ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe ka hoʻomaha ʻole, ka ikaika nui a i ʻole ka huhū.

Hōʻike ʻia ka pae manic e kahi ʻano ākea, hoʻonui i ka manaʻo ponoʻī, nā manaʻo o ka hanohano.

ʻO ka maʻamau, manaʻo ke kanaka i ka manic phase i ka pono e kamaʻilio mau, e hōʻike i kāna mau manaʻo helu ʻole, piha i ka ikehu a hana i nā papahana a i ʻole nā ​​​​hana i ka manawa like. Hoʻemi ʻia kona makemake e hiamoe (ua hoʻomaha ʻo ia ma hope o 3 a 4 mau hola o ka hiamoe) a ua maʻalahi ʻo ia i ka huhū. ʻO kēia manawa lōʻihi ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule, aia i loko o ka lā kokoke i kēlā me kēia lā.

Hōʻike ʻia ka Hypomania e nā ʻano hōʻailona like, me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe hoʻomau akā ʻoi aku ka "maʻamau".

I ka wā o ke kaumaha, aia ka emi ʻana o ka hoihoi a i ʻole ka leʻaleʻa i nā hana āpau o kēlā me kēia lā, lohi ka psychomotor (a i kekahi manawa, hoʻomaha ʻole), luhi nui, a me ka hewa a i ʻole ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻana, hoʻemi i ka hiki ke noʻonoʻo. Hiki ke loaʻa nā manaʻo pepehi kanaka. Wahi a kekahi mau noiʻi, ʻokoʻa ka pākēneka o nā hoʻāʻo pepehi kanaka ma waena o 20 a me 50% (HAS June 2014).

ʻAʻole pono kēia mau hōʻailona i nā mea āpau, akā ʻo nā pae hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana o kahi hui nui o kekahi o lākou. Ma kahi kokoke i ʻekolu hapaha o ka poʻe me ka maʻi bipolar, aia nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e like me ka hopohopo, ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka waiʻona a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe, etc.1.

ʻO wai ka mea hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi bipolar?

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā kumu o ka maʻi bipolar. He multifactorial paha lākou, e pili ana i nā kumu genetic a me ka nohona.

Mai kahi manaʻo olaola, ʻike ʻia aia nā mea ʻino i nā neurotransmitters i loko o ka lolo o ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia. No laila, pili nā ʻāpana o ka mania me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka norepinephrine.

Hoʻopili pū ʻia nā kumu genetic: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi bipolar inā loaʻa i kekahi o ka ʻohana.4.

ʻO ka hope, hiki i nā mea waho ke hoʻoikaika a hoʻoulu i ka maʻi. ʻO kēia ka hihia me nā hanana traumatic i hiki mai i ke kakahiaka nui o ke ola, a me nā mea koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea e hoʻololi ai (nā kau, ka hāpai ʻana, ka loli hormonal)5.