ʻEleʻele truffle (Tuber melanosporum) kiʻi a me ka wehewehe

ʻEleʻele truffle (Tuber melanosporum)

• ʻEleʻele French Truffle
• ʻO ka truffle perigord (mai ka ʻāina mōʻaukala o Perigord ma Farani)
• ʻEleʻele maoli french truffle

ʻeleʻele Truffle, (lat. melanosporum tuber or tuber nigrum) he halo o ka genus Truffle (lat. Tuber) o ka ʻohana Truffle (lat. Tuberaceae).

Aia ma kahi o kanakolu mau ʻano truffles, ʻewalu wale nō mea hoihoi mai kahi ʻano meaʻai. ʻO ka mea nani loa Perigord black truffle Tuber melanosporum. ʻOiai ke kuhikuhi pololei ʻana i kahi o ka noho ʻana ma ka inoa, ua māhele ʻia kēia ʻano ʻaʻole wale ma Perigord, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Farani, a me Italia a me Sepania. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā truffles wale nō ka ulu ʻana ma nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he mau marsupial lākou i ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona. ʻO ka mea mua, ulu ka truffle ma lalo o ka lepo ma kahi hohonu o 5-30 kenimika, he mea paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa. A ʻo ka lua, hiki ke noho wale kēia haʻuki i ka lepo calcareous maikaʻi ʻole a hui pū me nā kumulāʻau, a i ke koho ʻana i kahi "hoa ola" ʻoi loa ka truffle a makemake e hui pū me ka ʻoka a me ka hazel. Hāʻawi ka mea kanu i ka fungus me nā meaʻai e pono ai, a hoʻopuni maoli ka mycelium i nā aʻa o ka lāʻau a hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou hiki ke komo i nā paʻakai mineral a me ka wai, a pale pū i nā maʻi like ʻole. I ka manawa like, make nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a puni ka lāʻau, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "witch's circle" i hoʻokumu ʻia, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻāina i nā halo.

ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike i ko lākou ulu ʻana. ʻO ka poʻe e hōʻiliʻili iā lākou mai kēlā hanauna a kēia hanauna. No ka mea, aia ke ola holoʻokoʻa o kahi truffle ma lalo o ka lepo a hilinaʻi nui ʻia i nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau liʻiliʻi, ʻo nā aʻa o ia mau mea e lilo ai i mea ʻai maoli no kēia mau halo, e kaʻana like ana me lākou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kūpono ke kāhea ʻana i nā truffles freeloaders. ʻO ka pūnaewele o nā filament o ka mycelium o ka haʻiki, e hoʻopuni ana i nā aʻa o ka mea kanu hoʻokipa, kōkua iā ia e unuhi i ka wai hou aʻe, e pale aku i nā ʻano maʻi microbial āpau, e like me phytophthora.

ʻO ka truffle ʻeleʻele he ʻano ʻeleʻele, aneane ʻeleʻele; He māmā kona ʻiʻo i ka mua, a laila ʻeleʻele (i ka poni-ʻeleʻele me nā kaha keʻokeʻo).

ʻO ke kino o ka hua ma lalo o ka lepo, tuberous, poepoe a ʻano like ʻole paha ke ʻano, 3-9 cm ke anawaena. He ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ka ʻili, ma hope i ka lanahu-ʻeleʻele, e lilo i ʻeleʻele ke kaomi ʻana. Uhi ʻia me nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi me nā ʻaoʻao 4-6.

He paʻakikī ka ʻiʻo, ma mua he māmā, hina a ʻulaʻula paha me kahi ʻano marble keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha ma ka ʻokiʻoki, ʻeleʻele me nā spores a lilo i ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ʻeleʻele-violet me ka makahiki, mau nā veins i loko. He mea ʻala ikaika loa kona a me kahi ʻono ʻoluʻolu me kahi ʻawaʻawa.

He ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka pauka Spore, spores 35×25 µm, fusiform a oval paha, curved.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mycorrhiza me nā lāʻau ʻoka, ʻaʻole pinepine me nā lāʻau deciduous ʻē aʻe. Ke ulu nei ia ma nā ululāʻau deciduous me ka lepo calcareous ma kahi hohonu o kekahi mau kenimika a i ka hapalua mika. He mea maʻamau ia ma Farani, waena o Italia a me Sepania. Ma Palani, ua ʻike ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā truffles ʻeleʻele ma nā wahi āpau, akā ʻo nā wahi nui o ka ulu ʻana aia ma ke komohana hema o ka ʻāina (nā keʻena o Dordogne, Lot, Gironde), kahi wahi o ka ulu ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema o Vaucluse.

Mahiia ma Kina.

ʻO ka ʻala ikaika o ka truffle ʻeleʻele e huki i nā puaʻa feral, nāna e ʻeli i nā kino hua a hoʻolaha i ka laha ʻana o nā spores. I loko o nā truffles, ulu nā ʻōpala lele ʻulaʻula, lele pinepine nā ʻōpala makua ma luna o ka lepo, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia e ʻimi i nā kino hua.

Kau: mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Dekemaba a hiki i Malaki 15, hana maʻamau ka hōʻiliʻili i nā mahina mua o ka makahiki.

ʻOhi ʻia nā truffle ʻeleʻele me ke kōkua o nā puaʻa i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia, akā no ka luku ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i ka lepo nahele, ua aʻo ʻia nā ʻīlio no kēia kumu.

No nā mea ʻono, ʻo ka ʻala ikaika o kēia mau halo ka waiwai nui. Hoʻomaopopo kekahi i ka wai o ka nahele a me kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka waiʻona i ke ʻala o nā truffle ʻeleʻele, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe - he malu kokoleka.

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā truffle ʻeleʻele - hoʻopau kā lākou "mycelium" i ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu a puni. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ulu ʻana o nā truffle ʻeleʻele e ka nui o nā hōʻailona.