ʻO nā kīʻaha koko (ipu: mai ka vasellum latina lalo, mai ka vasculum Latin kahiko, ʻo ia hoʻi ka moku liʻiliʻi, ke koko: mai ka Latin sanguineus) he mau lālā o ke kahe o ke koko.

'O ke'ano kiko'ī. Hoʻokumu nā kīʻaha koko i kahi kaapuni āpau kahi e holo ai ke koko. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia kaapuni i kahi kahe o ke kino nui a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pulmonary. ʻO kēia mau moku he pā me nā tunika ʻekolu: (1) (2)

• ʻO kaʻaʻahu o loko, a i ʻole intima, i haku ʻia i kahi papa pūnaewele o endothelium a me ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao o loko o nā moku.
• ʻO ka tunika waena, a i ʻole ka pāpaho, e hoʻokumu ana i ka papa waena a haku ʻia i nā olonā muscular a me nā ʻāpana.
• ʻO ka papa waho, a i ʻole adventitia, e hoʻokumu ana i ka papa waho a haku ʻia i nā olonā collagen a me nā aʻa fibrous.

Māhele ʻia nā kīʻaha koko i nā hui like ʻole (1)

• Nā ʻauamo. ʻO nā aʻa i loko o nā moku kahi o ke koko, waiwai i ka oxygen, waiho ka puʻuwai e kiʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kino, koe wale no ka pulmonary a me ka holo o ka placental. Aia kekahi ʻano o nā aʻa e pili ana i kā lākou hanana1.

  - ʻO nā aʻa ʻohana lahilahi, me kahi caliber nui, he paia mānoanoa a hana ʻia i nā olonā lehulehu. Hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia lākou ma kahi kokoke i ka puʻuwai, e like me ke aorta, a i ʻole ke aʻa ākea.

  - Loaʻa i nā aʻa ʻano muscular i kahi caliber liʻiliʻi a loaʻa i kā lākou pā i nā ʻāpana muscle maʻalahi.

  - Aia nā arterioles ma ka hope o ka pūnaewele arterial, ma waena o nā aʻa a me nā capillaries. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou i kahi ʻōnaehana a ʻaʻohe paʻa o ka lole o waho.

• Nā uaua ʻO nā veins nā moku kahi o ke koko, ʻilihune i ka oxygen, waiho i ka periphery e kiʻi i ka puʻuwai, koe wale no ka pulmonary a me ka holo o ka placental. Mai nā capillaries, nā venules, nā uaua liʻiliʻi, e hoʻōla hou i ke koko i ka oxygen a hui pū me nā veins. (1) He pā lahilahi ko ka hope ma mua o nā aʻa. Loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka pale a me nā olonā i kā lākou pā akā ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o nā kapa komo i waho. Loaʻa i nā veins nā kikoʻī o ka hiki ke loaʻa ka nui o ke koko ma mua o nā aʻa. I mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana, loaʻa nā ʻūlū o nā lālā o lalo i nā kī. (2)
• Nā uaua ʻO nā veins nā moku kahi o ke koko, ʻilihune i ka oxygen, waiho i ka periphery e kiʻi i ka puʻuwai, koe wale no ka pulmonary a me ka holo o ka placental. Mai nā capillaries, nā venules, nā uaua liʻiliʻi, e hoʻōla hou i ke koko i ka oxygen a hui pū me nā veins. (1) He pā lahilahi ko ka hope ma mua o nā aʻa. Loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka pale a me nā olonā i kā lākou pā akā ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o nā kapa komo i waho. Loaʻa i nā veins nā kikoʻī o ka hiki ke loaʻa ka nui o ke koko ma mua o nā aʻa. I mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana, loaʻa nā ʻūlū o nā lālā o lalo i nā kī. (2)
• Nā capillaries. Ke hoʻokumu nei i kahi pūnaewele branched, he moku maikaʻi loa nā capillaries, me ke anawaena mai 5 a 15 micrometers. Hana lākou i ka hoʻololi ma waena o arterioles a me nā venula. ʻAe lākou i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke koko oxygenated a me nā meaola; a me ka hoʻōla hou ʻia ʻana o ke kalapona kalapona a me nā ʻōpala metabolic. (1)

innervation. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kīʻaha koko e nā ʻāʻī nerve sympathetic e hoʻoponopono i kā lākou anawaena. (1)

Hoʻolahalaha / hoʻopau. ʻAe nā kīʻaha koko i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā meaola a me ka hoʻōla hou ʻana o nā ʻōpala metabolic.

Piʻipiʻi kō. Hoʻokumu nā kīʻaha koko i kahi kaapuni paʻa. Haʻalele ke koko momona i ka ventricle hema o ka puʻuwai ma o ka aorta. Hele ia ma waena o nā aʻa, arterioles, capillaries, venules a me nā veins. I nā capillaries, hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻololi o nā meaola a me nā ʻōpala. ʻO ke kōkō hune momona a laila hiki i ka atrium akau o ka puʻuwai ma o ka vena cavae ʻelua ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻana iā ia iho i nā mea momona a hoʻomau i kāna huakaʻi ma waena o ke kino. (1) (2)

Nā pilikia pili i ke kaomi koko. ʻO ka nui o ke kahe o ke koko e kūʻē i nā paia o nā aʻa i hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko a hoʻonui paha i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi vaskular.

ʻO ka Thrombosis. Kūlike kēia pathology i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke koko i loko o kahi kīʻaha koko (4).

hahauʻana. Hōʻike ʻia ka ulia Cerebrovascular, a i ʻole ka hahau ʻana e ka paʻa ʻana o kahi kīʻaha koko i ka lolo, e like me ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke koko a i ʻole ka haki ʻana o kahi moku. (4)

Phlebitis. Kāhea ʻia hoʻi ka thrombosis venous, pili kēia pathology i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi pūpū koko, a i ʻole thrombus, i loko o nā uaua. Hiki i kēia mau ʻōpili ke neʻe a neʻe i luna i ka vena cava inferior. Hiki i kēia pathology ke alakaʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka lawa ʻole o ka venous, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi hana ʻole o ka pūnaewele venous (5).

Nā maʻi Cardiovascular. Hoʻopili lākou i nā maʻi he nui e like me ka infarction myocardial a i ʻole angina pectoris. Ke hiki mai kēia mau maʻi, loli pinepine nā kīʻaha koko a hiki i kekahi kumu ke lawa ʻole ka oxygen. (6) (7)

Nā hōʻailona lapaʻau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology diagnose, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau e like me anticoagulants, anti-agregants, a i ʻole anti-ischemic agents.

ʻO Thrombolyse. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o nā hahau, ʻo kēia ka mālama ʻana i ka haki ʻana i ka thrombi, a i ʻole ke koko clots, me ke kōkua o nā lāʻau. (5)

ʻO keʻano maʻamau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology diagnose a me kona evolution, pono ʻoki kino pono.

Ke kaulike. ʻO ka mea mua, lawe ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i mea e ʻike ai a loiloi ai i ka ʻeha i ʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi olakino. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka X-ray, CT, MRI, angiography coronary, CT angiography, a i ʻole nā ​​arteriography exams e hōʻoia a hoʻonui i ka ʻike.

• ʻO ultrasound Doppler. Hiki i kēia ultrasound kikoʻī ke nānā i ke kahe o ke koko.

ʻO William Harvey, ke kauka Pelekane o ka 16th a me ka 17th kenekulia, ʻike ʻia no kāna hana a me nā ʻike i ka hana o ke kahe o ke koko.