ʻulaʻula uliuli

Ka uliuli, pela no hoi ʻalalā (Picea pungens) no ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Akā, i kona hiki ʻana i ʻEulopa, ua loaʻa koke ʻo ia i ka kaulana ma laila a ʻike koke i nā expanses. Aloha ʻia ʻo ia no ke kala kupaianaha o nā nila, ka lei aliʻi symmetrical, unpretentiousness, ka makani a me ke kūpaʻa maloʻo, a me ka hiki ke ola i nā hau nui. He lōʻihi maoli kēia spruce, hiki i kona mau makahiki ke hiki i 500 mau makahiki, akā naʻe, i ke aniau, ma hope o 40 mau makahiki, hoʻomaka ka spruce e nalowale i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona.

ʻO nā ʻano ʻano ʻulaʻula uliuli

Ua hāʻawi ʻo Nature i ka ʻulaʻula spruce me kahi hiʻohiʻona nani, akā ua hana nā mea hoʻolale i kahi holomua kupaianaha ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā mutation kūlohelohe a hana i nā ʻano mea kupaianaha loa. A i kēia lā, aia nā spruces me ka lei pyramidal a me ka cone-shaped, dwarfs me ka lei spherical a me ka oval ma ka mākeke. A ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā nila mai ke kala a i ka uliuli hohonu (1).

ʻO Glouca glauca (Glauca Globosa). Malia paha ka mea kaulana loa i waena o nā māla. Ua loaʻa iā ia ma 1937 mai nā mea kanu, a i ka makahiki 1955 ua komo i nā mākeke. ʻO kahi lāʻau Kalikimaka dwarf me ka lei aliʻi paʻa paʻa nani e ulu ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 2 m, akā a hiki i 3 m ke anawaena. I nā makahiki mua o ke ola, ʻike ʻia ka lei aliʻi a palahalaha, akā loaʻa iā ia kahi oval nani a me ka density. He lōʻihi nā kui, ʻāwili iki, keʻokeʻo-uliuli. Nui nā cones, ʻeleʻele māmā. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano like ʻole, i grafed ʻia ma kahi kumu lōʻihi.

ʻO Glauka globoza ka hau-kū (ʻae a hiki i -40 ° C), photophilous, akā hiki ke ulu i ka malu hapa. Makemake ka lepo i ka loamy, fertile, acidic iki a i ʻole neutral.

I loko o nā kīhāpai, ʻike maikaʻi kēia ʻano like ʻole ma mua, ma nā pōhaku a me nā pā paʻa.

Hoopsie (Hoopsii). Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻulaʻula loa o nā fir blue a pau. ʻO kēia ʻano like ʻole ka hopena o nā makahiki he nui o ka hana a nā mea hānai Kelemania mai ka hale hānai ʻo Hoops Nursery. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mōʻaukala o ka hiʻohiʻona a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kēia ʻano like ʻole he ʻokoʻa like ʻole. ʻO ka mea nui aʻe, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala, ua ʻike ʻia kahi spruce uliuli nani ma ka mākeke, e ulu mālie ana a ma hope o nā makahiki he nui a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 8 m, hiki i nā mea hoʻohālikelike ke ulu a hiki i 12 m me ka lei aliʻi. ke anawaena a hiki i 3 – 5 m. ʻO kēia nani slender i ka wā mua me he mea lā ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi, akā i ka hala ʻana o nā makahiki i ka pae ʻana o ke kumu, lilo ka lei ākea ākea i ka symmetrical, conical, hoʻomaka ke kala uliuli momona o nā nila i ke kala i ka lā mālamalama. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ikaika a me ka paʻa o kēia spruce e nā lālā i hāpai iki ʻia (2).

ʻO ka ʻano like ʻole ka hau-kū (ʻae a hiki i -40 ° C), photophilous, akā maʻalahi ka waiho ʻana me kahi pale liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka lepo i ka loamy, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a momona, hoʻokahe maikaʻi.

I loko o nā kīhāpai, hoʻokō pono kēia ʻano spruce i ke kuleana o kahi kumulāʻau Kalikimaka. No laila, aia kona wahi ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka māla a i ʻole kahi wahi pilikino e kū pono ana i ke kua o kahi lau nahele. Hiki i ka Hupsi ke lilo i kumu hoʻohiwahiwa no nā kumu lāʻau coniferous dwarf a recumbent.

Polū nani (Majestic Blue). ʻO kēia mea kanu ka lāʻau mokuʻāina o nā mokuʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika ʻo Colorado a me Utah. ʻAʻole ia he coincidence ʻo kona inoa he "majestic". Ua like ia me kēia: kahi lāʻau slender a hiki i 45 m ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 6 m ākea, me ka ʻili o ka ʻōpala hina a me nā nila polū-hina me kahi ʻulaʻula uliuli. A ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi nā nila, 3 cm ka lōʻihi, paʻakikī, tetrahedral. Hoʻololi ko lākou kala i ka makahiki: mai ke keʻokeʻo a i ʻulaʻula-uliuli ma ka hāʻule. Hōʻike ʻia nā cones nui ma kēia spruce ma nā kumu lāʻau ma mua o 30 mau makahiki.

Kūleʻa ka ʻano like ʻole, ʻae a hiki i -40 ° C, akā naʻe, i loko o ia mau kūlana koʻikoʻi, ma ka makahiki 40-50, nalowale ka spruce i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke aloha māmā, akā maʻalahi ka waiho ʻana me ka shading, akā naʻe, i ka pōʻino o ka decorativeness. Makemake ka lepo i ke one a me ka loamy, maloʻo mālie a momona, hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia, me ka hopena mai ka waikawa a hiki i ka alkaline iki.

He nani loa kēia ʻano like ʻole e pono ai i kahi ākea nui. I loko o nā kīhāpai nui, hiki iā ia ke lilo i kumu lāʻau Kalikimaka, a i ʻole he backdrop no nā kumu lāʻau nani a me nā mea kanu coniferous liʻiliʻi.

ʻO kēia mau ʻano ʻekolu ka mea kaulana loa i waena o nā māla, akā aia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe:

• ʻO Glauca pendula (Glauca pendula) - 8 - 10 m ke kiʻekiʻe, me ke ʻano lei aliʻi pololei a i ʻole curved, e kau ana nā lālā a me nā nila hina hina;
• ʻO Glauca procumbens (Glauca procumbens) - he ʻano dwarf 20 cm ke kiʻekiʻe me kahi lei ākea ākea a hiki i 1,2 m ka anawaena a me nā nila kala-uliuli;
• ʻO Glauca prostrata (Glauca prostrata) - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka dwarf ma mua o 40 cm ke kiʻekiʻe me kahi lei palahalaha e waiho ana ma ka honua, a hiki i 2 m ke anawaena;
• Ke ahi ahi (Koster) - 10 - 15 m kiʻekiʻe, me ka lei aliʻi conical maʻamau a me nā nila bluish-green;
• Blue Kahikina – 5 – 7 m ke kiʻekiʻe me ka lei aliʻi conical a me nā nila bluish-green.

Ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻulaʻula uliuli

No nā mea kanu me kahi ʻōnaehana paʻa (ZKS), ʻo ka manawa kanu maikaʻi loa mai ka waena o ʻApelila a ʻOkakopa, no nā mea kanu me kahi ʻōnaehana ākea - a hiki i ka waena o ʻApelila a me ka hapa lua o Kepakemapa - i ka hoʻomaka o Nowemapa.

ʻO ka koho maikaʻi loa he mau mea kanu i loko o kahi pahu a i ʻole me kahi clod lepo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Pono e hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia ka lua pae. He mea kūikawā nā fertilizers, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka hana lōʻihi. ʻAʻohe manure a i ʻole ka compost hou, akā naʻe, e like me nā mea kanu nitrogen, a me ka lehu. He mea maikaʻi e hoʻohui i ka humus lau, ke one kahawai a me ka sawdust a i ʻole nā ​​nila maloʻo i ka lepo māla.

I ke kanuʻana, he mea nuiʻaʻole e kanu i ke kola aʻa, no laila e kanu i ka pae like me ka uluʻana o ka mea kanu i loko o ka pahu. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono e hoʻohāinu nui ʻia ka lāʻau a e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoinu mau ʻana a me ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka wā ulu i ka wā wela.

I ke kanu ʻana i ka pūnāwai, pono e pale i ka seedling mai ka lā mālamalama.

He mea nui ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻōpio no ka hoʻoilo mua ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā lākou me nā lālā spruce a i ʻole burlap.

mālama ʻulaʻula uliuli

He ʻokoʻa nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano o ka spruce uliuli, hoʻoilo-paʻakikī, hiki ke ulu a hiki i nā wahi paʻakikī o ko mākou ʻāina. Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, akā loaʻa iā lākou nā nuances mālama ponoʻī.

Pā

ʻO ka lepo no ke kanu ʻana i ka spruce he one a loamy paha, wehe, hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia. Pono e waiho ʻia ka wai i loko o ka lua kanu, no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻae kēia mau mea kanu i ka wai kū. Inā he alkaline ka hopena o ka hopena o ka lepo, hoʻohui ʻia ka ammonium sulfate a i ʻole ka honua me kahi litter o nā ululāʻau coniferous i ka lepo.

kau iho

ʻO kahi lei aliʻi nani a nani o kahi spruce uliuli e waiho wale ʻia ma kahi wahi mālamalama. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kahi mea kanu ʻōpio i ka wā i kanu ʻia i ka pūnāwai e pono ai ka pale ʻana i nā pule mua ʻelua, a me ka pale ʻana mai ka sunburn i ka hoʻoilo mua.

Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai

Ma ke ʻano, ulu ka spruce uliuli ma nā ʻāina maʻemaʻe a he ʻano ʻano kūʻē i ka maloʻo. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kanu ʻana, pono nā ʻano āpau i ka wai kiʻekiʻe i nā makahiki ʻelua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. I ka makahiki o ke kanu ʻana, pono ka hoʻoinu ʻana i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule ma ka helu o 10 - 12 lita o ka wai no kēlā me kēia seedling me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka 0,5 m. I ka wā wela, i ke ahiahi a i ke kakahiaka paha, kahi ʻauʻau - holoi ka hopena maikaʻi. No ka mālama ʻana i ka makū, hiki ke mulched i nā pōʻai kumu me kahi papa mānoanoa o ka ʻili a i ʻole ka sawdust o conifers.

ʻO ke kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻoilo maikaʻi o nā mea kanu ʻōpio ʻo ia ka hoʻoinu wai. ʻAʻole pili i ka wai o ka hāʻule, ma ʻOkakopa, ma lalo o kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau coniferous, he mea nui e ninini i ka liʻiliʻi o 20-30 lita o ka wai ma luna o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi a me 50 lita no ka mika o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lei aliʻi.

nā mea kanu

I ke kanu ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā fertilizers phosphorus-potassium a hoʻohana ʻia ka sawdust stale o nā ʻano coniferous ma ke ʻano he ea.

e ai ana

Ma nā ʻāina momona i nā makahiki 2-3 mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, ʻaʻole pono ka spruce i ka lole luna. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, inā hoʻokumu ʻia ka lāʻau e ka ʻoki ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu kūikawā no nā conifers i nā kumu lāʻau i ka pūnāwai. Hānai ʻia nā spruces ulu manuahi inā maikaʻi ʻole ka ulu ʻana.

Ke huli melemele nā ​​nila a hāʻule, a me ka makahiki mua o ke kanu ʻana, hoʻomaʻamaʻa lākou i ka pīpī ʻana i ka lei aliʻi me nā hopena o Epin a me Ferrovit.

hānai ʻulaʻula uliuli

Hoʻolaha ʻia ka blue spruce e nā hua, ʻokiʻoki i ka hoʻoilo a me ka grafting. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻano maʻalahi ke hoʻolaha ʻia e nā hua ma mua o nā ʻokiʻoki.

Nā hua. Me ke ʻano o ka kanu ʻana, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā ʻano varietal. Eia nō naʻe, me kēia ʻano hana, loaʻa kahi manawa e loaʻa ai nā mea kanu me kahi kala hohonu hohonu, e like me ka laʻana, i hana ʻia me ka hānau ʻana o ka ʻano Hupsi.

Me kēia ʻano o ka ulu ʻana, he mea nui ia e hou nā hua a hele i ke ala o ka stratification. 2-3 mau lā ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā hua i kahi mahana a maloʻo. Lawe ʻia ka lūlū i kahi hohonu o 1 - 2 cm i loko o nā pahu a i ʻole i loko o ka hale kōmaena, e hoʻohui ana i nā fungicides a me nā mea kanu no nā conifers i kahi substrate māmā. Hoʻoinu mau ʻia nā mea kanu a hoʻoulu ʻia, ma hope o 2-3 mau makahiki ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou i kahi moena hānai no ka ulu ʻana, a i ka makahiki 6-7 wale nō e kanu ʻia i kahi mau.

ʻOki ʻoki. Lawe ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki mai nā lālā o luna o nā mea kanu makuahine ma kahi o 6-8 mau makahiki. Hana lākou i kēia ma kahi lā ao i ʻApelila, Iune, ʻAukake a ʻOkakopa, e haehae ana i kahi lālā me kahi kuʻekuʻe wāwae - kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻili. ʻO ka ʻokiʻoki maikaʻi he 7-10 cm ka lōʻihi.

Ma hope koke o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā kola haʻahaʻa mai nā ʻokiʻoki a hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻāpana me ka pauka o kahi mea hoʻoulu aʻa (no ka laʻana, Heteroauxin). A laila kanu ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā ipuhao me ka lepo momona māmā ma ke kihi o 30 °, hohonu e 2-3 cm. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ipu i loko o kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i uhi ʻia me kahi ʻeke plastik. Hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā o ka pae ʻana he pono e ventilate.

E hoʻomanawanui - hiki i ke kaʻina hana aʻa i hoʻokahi makahiki. A i loko o kēia wā, he mea nui ka wai mau a me ka ventilate i nā mea kanu. I kēlā me kēia 2 pule, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i kahi hopena nāwaliwali o Heteroauxin i ka wai.

I ka pūnāwai, kanu ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki ʻia i loko o kahi kula, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma lalo o ke kumu lāʻau. Ma hope wale nō o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki, hiki ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ulu ma kahi paʻa.

Nā maʻi ʻulaʻula

Rust (spruce spinner). ʻO kahi maʻi fungal i ʻike mua ʻia ma ka ʻili ma ke ʻano o nā ʻōhū liʻiliʻi, ʻalani me ke anawaena o 0,5 cm. A laila hoʻomaka nā nila e huli melemele a hāʻule. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā cones e ka ʻōpala.

I ka pae mua, pono e hōʻiliʻili mau i nā nila maʻi a me nā cones, ʻoki a puhi i nā lālā i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka haʻiki. Pono e kāpīpī ʻia nā mea kanu maʻi me ka Hom (copper oxychloride) (3) a i ʻole Rakurs. No ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi i ka pūnāwai, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai Bordeaux.

Paʻa. ʻO ke kumu o ka maʻi he fungus pathogenic. Hoʻopili ia i ka spruce i ka hāʻule, ulu ikaika ma lalo o ka uhi hau. ʻO ka hopena, ʻike ʻia nā nila brown me kahi uhi keʻokeʻo ma ka mea kanu maʻi i ka pūnāwai. Hiki i nā nila i hoʻopilikia ʻia ke noho ma ka spruce no kekahi makahiki ʻē aʻe, e hoʻolaha ana i ka maʻi. Hoʻopilikia ʻo Schutte i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, me ka pōʻino nui hiki ke make i ka spruce.

No ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi, hoʻohana ʻia ka puna wai me ka wai Bordeaux a i ʻole kahi hopena o ka sulfur colloidal. I nā mea kanu maʻi, wehe ʻia nā lālā i hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka spruce i ʻekolu manawa me kahi hopena o Hom a i ʻole Angle (3).

ʻO nā pests blue spruce

Spruce spider mite. Hoʻouka i nā lāʻau spruce i nā mahina maloʻo wela o ka makahiki. Hoʻopilikia ka mite i nā nila a lilo lākou i mea palupalu i nā maʻi fungal. Me ka maʻi maʻi ikaika, ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila a hāʻule, ʻike ʻia nā cobwebs ma nā mea kanu.

No ka pale ʻana, hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia nā lei aliʻi me ka wai. Hiki ke hoʻopau i ka tick wale nō e ka ʻōnaehana mālama lei me Actellik, Antiklesh, Fitoverm (3). He mea nui e hoʻokō i ka liʻiliʻi 3 lapaʻau mai Iune a Kepakemapa.

ʻO ka lau ʻauʻau spruce. ʻAi ikaika nā ʻuala liʻiliʻi sawfly i nā nila. Akā, ʻike mākou i kēia mau pōʻino i ka wā e lilo ai nā nila ʻōpio ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula.

I ka pae mua o ka maʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pīpī ʻana me Actellik a i ʻole Fury. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa mai ka sawfly ʻo Pinocid. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hopena ma ka lāʻau 2-3 mau manawa. I ka manawa like, hoʻoinu lākou i ka lepo o nā kumu lāʻau.

ʻO nā hermes spruce-fir. Hoʻopilikia ka aphid liʻiliʻi i ka mea kanu, e waiho ana i ka piko a me ka melemele o nā wana. Hoʻomoe nā pests i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili.

Hiki ke lanakila wale ʻia ʻo Hermes me kahi ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana. I ka pūnāwai, e kāpīpī ʻia me ka copper sulphate, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei a i ke kolu o ka makahiki o Iune - Actellik, Komandor, Fufanon me ka hoʻoinu ʻana i nā kumu lāʻau me ka hopena o Aktara. I ka hapa lua o ʻAukake - mālama ʻia me kahi hopena o ke keleawe sulfate.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Nīnau mākou e pili ana i ka spruce uliuli agronomist Oleg Ispolatov - ua pane ʻo ia i nā nīnau kaulana loa o nā kamaʻāina kauwela.

Kumuwaiwai o

1. Stupakov OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Nā hui o nā mea kanu perennial, coniferous woody a me nā mea kanu deciduous i ka hoʻolālā ʻāina kūlanakauhale // Conifers o ka boreal zone, 2013 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvennyh- rasteniy- v-ozelenenii-gorodov
2. ʻO Gerd Krussman. ʻO nā ʻano ʻano coniferous. // M., ʻoihana lāʻau, 1986, 257 p.
3. ʻO ka papa inoa o ka mokuʻāina o nā pesticides a me nā agrochemical i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ka Federation mai Iulai 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/ʻike-ʻoihana/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/